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ASTM D6496/D6496M-23

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Standard Test Method for Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay Liners

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The bonding strength test for the top and bottom layers of the geosynthetic clay liner is intended to be an index test. It is anticipated that the results of the test will be used to evaluate the quality of the bonding process.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the average bonding strength between the top and bottom layers of a sample of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2023
ICS
91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.04 - Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D6496/D6496M-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay LinersASTM D6496/D6496M-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay Liners
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ASTM D6496/D6496M-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay Liners
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REDLINE ASTM D6496/D6496M-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay LinersREDLINE ASTM D6496/D6496M-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay Liners
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6496/D6496M − 23
Standard Test Method for
Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top
and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay
1
Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6496/D6496M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D6072/D6072M Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosyn-
thetic Clay Liners
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of
the average bonding strength between the top and bottom
3. Terminology
layers of a sample of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL).
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.1 geosynthetic clay liner, n—a manufactured hydraulic
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
barrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer or layers of
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
geosynthetic material(s). D4439
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.2 For terminology of other terms used in this test method,
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
refer to Terminologies D123 and D4439.
with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 The top and bottom layers of a geosynthetic clay liner
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
are gripped individually in tensile grips and pulled at a constant
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
rate of extension by a tensile testing machine until the top and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
bottom layers of the specimen separate. The average bonding
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
peel strength of the test specimen can be calculated from
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
machine scales, dials, recording charts, or an interface com-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
puter.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Significance and Use
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 The bonding strength test for the top and bottom layers
of the geosynthetic clay liner is intended to be an index test. It
2. Referenced Documents
is anticipated that the results of the test will be used to evaluate
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the quality of the bonding process.
D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for
6. Atmospheric Conditions
Textiles
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
6.1 Atmospheric Conditions:
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
6.1.1 The atmospheric conditions of the laboratory deter-
D5889/D5889M Practice for Quality Control of Geosyn-
mining average bonding peel strength between top and bottom
thetic Clay Liners
layers of needle-punched geosynthetic clay liners shall be:
relative humidity between 50 to 70 % and a temperature of 21
6 2 °C [70 6 4 °F].
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
7. Apparatus
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
thetic Clay Liners.
7.1 Tensile Testing Machine—A constant rate of extension
Current edition approved March 1, 2023. Published March 2023. Originally
(CRE) type of testing machine described in Specification
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D6496/D6496M – 20.
DOI: 10.1520/D6496_D6496M-23.
D76/D76M shall be used with a minimum precision measuring
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or –4
capability of 0.1 N/m [5.71 × 10 lbf/in.].
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.1.1 Fixed Member—A fixed or essentially stationary
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. member carrying one clamp.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6496/D6496M − 23
7.1.2 Movable Member—A movable member carrying a should be randomly selected from locations on the sample, but
second clamp. should be distributed across the sample. All specimens should
be cut parallel to the machine direction. Using a knife or razor,
7.2 Clamps—The clamps shall be a minimum 25 by
separate the top and bottom layer of the GCL for the first
100 mm [1 by 4 in.] and with appropriate clamping power to
50 6 3 mm [2 6 0.1 in.].
prevent slipping or crushing (d
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6496/D6496M − 20 D6496/D6496M − 23
Standard Test Method for
Determining Average Bonding Peel Strength Between Top
and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay
1
Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6496/D6496M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the average bonding strength between the top and bottom layers of
a sample of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D5889/D5889M Practice for Quality Control of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
D6072/D6072M Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 geosynthetic clay liner, n—a manufactured hydraulic barrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer or layers of geosynthetic
material(s). D4439
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay
Liners.
Current edition approved May 1, 2020March 1, 2023. Published May 2020March 2023. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20192020 as
D6496/D6496M – 19.D6496/D6496M – 20. DOI: 10.1520/D6496_D6496M-20.10.1520/D6496_D6496M-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6496/D6496M − 23
3.2 For terminology of other terms used in this test method, refer to Terminologies D123 and D4439.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The top and bottom layers of a geosynthetic clay liner are gripped individually in tensile grips and pulled at a constant rate
of extension by a tensile testing machine until the top and bottom layers of the specimen separate. The average bonding peel
strength of the test specimen can be calculated from machine scales, dials, recording charts, or an interface computer.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The bonding strength test for the top and bottom layers of the geosynthetic clay liner is intended to be an index test. It is
anticipated that the results of the test will be used to evaluate the quality of the bonding process.
6. Atmospheric Conditions
6.1 Atmospheric Conditions:
6.1.1 The atmospheric conditions of the laboratory determining average bonding peel strength between top and bottom layers of
needle-punched geosynthetic clay liners shall be: relative humidity between 50 to 70 % and a temperature of 21 6 2 °C [70 6
4 °F].
7. Apparatus
7.1 Tensile Testing Machine—A constant rate of extension (CRE) type of testing machine described in Specification D76/D76M
–4
shall be used with a minimum precision measuring capability of 0.1 N/m [5.71 × 10 lbf/in.].
7.1.1 Fixed Member—A fixed or essentially stationary member carrying one clamp.
7.1.2 Movable Member—A movable member carrying a second clamp.
7.2 Clamps—The clamps shall be a minimum 25 by 100 mm [1 by 4 in.] and with
...

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1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the average bonding strength between the top and bottom layers of a sample of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL).  
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This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testing requirements for geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) materials, describing types of tests, test methods, and recommended verifications and is intended to aid purchasers, installers, contractors, owners, operators, designers and agencies in establishing a minimum level of effort for product acceptance testing and verification. This guide suggests the types of tests, the methods of the testing, and verification requirements for acceptance testing of GCL materials. It should be recognized that parties, organizations or representatives may perform additional tests and/or at other frequencies than required in this standard guide. In this case, the project-specific acceptance plan will then take precedence over this standard guide. Different properties such as clay mass per unit area, swell index, fluid loss, grab tensile strength, tensile strength, density and thickness of geomembrane support, and bonding peel strength shall be determined by subjecting the material to different test methods.
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1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this guide be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide means only that the guide has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7703-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Electrical Leak Location on Exposed Geomembranes Using the Water Lance Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Geomembranes are used as barriers to prevent liquids from leaking from landfills, ponds, and other containments. For this purpose, it is desirable that the geomembrane have as little leakage as practical.  
4.2 The liquids may contain contaminants that, if released, can cause damage to the environment. Leaking liquids can erode the subgrade, causing further damage. Leakage can result in product loss or otherwise prevent the installation from performing its intended containment purpose.  
4.3 Geomembranes are often assembled in the field, either by unrolling and welding panels of the geomembrane material together in the field, unfolding flexible geomembranes in the field, or a combination of both.  
4.4 Geomembrane leaks can be caused by poor quality of the subgrade, poor quality of the material placed on the geomembrane, accidents, poor workmanship, manufacturing defects, and carelessness.  
4.5 Electrical leak location methods are an effective and proven quality assurance measure to detect and locate leaks. They do not verify material or seam integrity.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is a performance-based standard for an electrical method for locating leaks in exposed geomembranes. For clarity, this practice uses the term “leak” to mean holes, punctures, tears, knife cuts, seam defects, cracks, and similar breaches in an installed geomembrane (as defined in 3.2.6).  
1.2 This practice can be used for geomembranes installed in basins, ponds, tanks, ore and waste pads, landfill cells, landfill caps, canals, and other containment facilities. It is applicable for geomembranes made of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, bituminous geomembrane, and any other electrically insulating materials. This practice is best applicable for locating geomembrane leaks where the proper preparations have been made during the construction of the facility.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2643/D2643M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers prefabricated asphalt liner sheets intended for installation to provide a continuous, exposed lining for reservoirs, ponds, canals, and ditches. The liner sheets shall consist of layers of asphalt mastic between asphalt-saturated felts, mats, or fabrics, and shall be coated on both sides and covered with a material to prevent the finished sheets from sticking together during storage and shipment. The coating shall be a hot-applied asphalt material permitted to be compounded with a mineral stabilizer. Thickness of asphalt coating, water absorption, mass percent of asphalt, resistance to decay, flexibility, brittleness, and heat dissipation tests shall be performed to conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers prefabricated bituminous geomembranes intended to provide a continuous, exposed lining for canals and ditches.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6638-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Connection Strength Between Geosynthetic Reinforcement and Segmental Concrete Units (Modular Concrete Blocks)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The connection strength between geosynthetic reinforcement and segmental concrete block units is used in design of reinforced soil retaining walls.  
5.2 This test is used to determine the connection strength for the design of the connection system formed by segmental concrete block units and geosynthetic reinforcement layers in reinforced soil retaining walls. Performing a series of these connection tests at varying normal loads permits development of a relationship between connection strength and normal load. This relationship may be linear, bilinear, or some other complex mathematical expression.  
5.3 This connection strength test is meant to be a performance test (laboratory or field); therefore, it should be conducted using full-scale system components. The conditions for the test are selected by the user and are not for routine testing.  
5.4 As a performance test on full-scale system components, it accounts for some of the variables in construction procedures and materials tolerance normally present for these types of retaining wall systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the connection properties between a layer of geosynthetic reinforcement and segmental concrete block units used in construction of reinforced soil retaining walls. The test is carried out under conditions determined by the user that reproduce the connection system at full scale. The results of a series of tests are used to define a relationship between connection strength for a segmental unit-geosynthetic connection system and normal load.  
1.2 This is a performance test used to determine properties for design of retaining wall systems utilizing segmental concrete units and soil reinforcing geosynthetics, either geotextiles or geogrids. The test is performed on a full-scale construction of the connection and may be run in a laboratory or the field.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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