ASTM D3840-19

Standard Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe Fittings for Nonpressure Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers fiberglass pipe fittings intended for use in gravity flow systems for conveying sanitary sewage, storm water, and those industrial wastes for which the fittings are determined to be suitable. Laminating resins shall be classified as Types 1 and 2. Reinforcements shall be classified as Grades 1 and 2. Ultimate tensile strength; maximum shear strength; and dimension tests shall be performed to conform the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers fiberglass pipe fittings intended for use in gravity flow systems for conveying sanitary sewage, storm water, and those industrial wastes for which the fittings are determined to be suitable. Elbows, tees, laterals, crosses, reducers, and adapters are included. Both glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin pipe (RTRP) and glass-fiber-reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP) are fiberglass pipes.  
Note 1: For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not include natural polymers.  
1.2 This specification is intended to cover only dimensions, material properties, and workmanship rather than the structural design of the fittings. The structural design of the fittings shall be as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier, and needs to take into consideration the anticipated conditions of installation and service.  
1.3 This specification covers only fittings fabricated from cut sections of pipe, or from a combination of pipe sections and contact molded (hand layup), or machine fabricated components.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2019
• ICS: 23.040.45 - Plastics fittings
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.23 - Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3840-14 - Standard Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe Fittings for Nonpressure Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-24 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM D883-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM F412-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2020
• Refers: ASTM D3262-20 - Standard Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2020
• Refers: ASTM D883-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2020
• Refers: ASTM D2290-19a - Standard Test Method for Apparent Hoop Tensile Strength of Plastic or Reinforced Plastic Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-19c - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-19a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2019
• Refers: ASTM F412-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2019
• Refers: ASTM D2290-19 - Standard Test Method for Apparent Hoop Tensile Strength of Plastic or Reinforced Plastic Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-18a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Refers: ASTM D883-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2018
• Refers: ASTM D1600-18 - Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics (Withdrawn 2024)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2018

Overview

ASTM D3840-19 is the industry standard for specifying "fiberglass" (glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin) pipe fittings designed for nonpressure, gravity flow systems. Developed by ASTM International, this standard is essential for engineers, manufacturers, and contractors involved in constructing or maintaining systems that convey sanitary sewage, storm water, or compatible industrial wastes. It outlines the minimum requirements for the dimensions, material properties, and workmanship of fiberglass pipe fittings such as elbows, tees, crosses, reducers, wyes, and adapters. The standard covers both reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP) and reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP), ensuring consistent quality and reliable performance in demanding environments.

Key Topics

• Scope and Applicability:

  • Covers pipe fittings for nonpressure gravity flow systems.
  • Applies to sanitary sewage, storm water, and certain industrial waste systems.
  • Includes fittings fabricated from pipe sections or molded components.

• Material Requirements:

  • Specifies two types of laminating resins:
    • Type 1: Polyester (including vinyl ester) thermosetting resin.
    • Type 2: Epoxy resin.
  • Defines two grades of glass fiber reinforcement to match resin types.
  • Reinforcements and gaskets must meet strict compatibility and durability criteria.

• Physical and Dimensional Criteria:

  • Sets minimum standards for ultimate tensile strength and shear strength.
  • Establishes dimensional tolerances for wall thickness, diameters, lengths, and angles.
  • Details surface quality and inspection criteria to ensure smooth finishes and integral joints.

• Fabrication and Workmanship:

  • Fits may incorporate cut pipe sections, molded, or machine-fabricated parts.
  • Overlays for seam reinforcement must meet minimum width and strength specifications.
  • Requirements exist for allowed repairs and visual inspection acceptance levels.

• Testing and Inspection:

  • Test methods for tensile and shear strength are referenced.
  • Visual and dimensional inspections are mandated for each fitting.
  • Additional inspections can be specified by agreement between parties.

Applications

ASTM D3840-19 is widely referenced in projects involving:

• Municipal Infrastructure: For sewer lines, stormwater drainage, and urban water management systems.
• Industrial Conveyance: In nonpressure waste pipelines conveying chemicals and process effluents where fiberglass compatibility is established.
• Civil Engineering: Used in the design and installation of utility networks requiring corrosion-resistant, durable, and lightweight nonpressure piping solutions.
• New Installations & Retrofits: Suitable for both new construction and upgrading or repairing existing gravity flow pipelines.

By adhering to this standard, stakeholders ensure that fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) fittings possess the required mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and longevity for long-term, maintenance-free operation in challenging environments.

Related Standards

• ASTM D3262: Specification for fiberglass (glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin) sewer pipe.
• ASTM D638: Test method for tensile properties of plastics.
• ASTM D2290: Test method for apparent hoop tensile strength of plastic or reinforced plastic pipe.
• ASTM F412: Terminology relating to plastic piping systems.
• ASTM F477: Specification for elastomeric seals (gaskets) for joining plastic pipe.
• ASTM D1763: Specification for epoxy resins.
• ASTM D3567: Practice for determining dimensions of fiberglass pipe and fittings.
• ASTM D3892: Practice for packaging/packing of plastics.

Selecting fittings complying with ASTM D3840-19 ensures standardized quality and performance, supporting best practices in the design and construction of nonpressure fiberglass piping systems.

Keywords: ASTM D3840-19, fiberglass pipe fittings, glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin, nonpressure applications, sanitary sewage, stormwater, industrial waste, gravity flow, material requirements, pipe fabrication, physical properties, pipe fittings standard.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D3840 −19
Standard Specification for
“Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin)
Pipe Fittings for Nonpressure Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3840; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 This specification covers fiberglass pipe fittings in-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tended for use in gravity flow systems for conveying sanitary
sewage, storm water, and those industrial wastes for which the
2. Referenced Documents
fittings are determined to be suitable. Elbows, tees, laterals,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
crosses, reducers, and adapters are included. Both glass-fiber-
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
reinforced thermosetting-resin pipe (RTRP) and glass-fiber-
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP) are fiberglass pipes.
D1600 Terminology forAbbreviatedTerms Relating to Plas-
NOTE 1—For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not include
tics
natural polymers.
D1763 Specification for Epoxy Resins
1.2 This specification is intended to cover only dimensions,
D2290 Test Method for Apparent Hoop Tensile Strength of
material properties, and workmanship rather than the structural
Plastic or Reinforced Plastic Pipe
design of the fittings. The structural design of the fittings shall
D3262 Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-
be as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier, and needs
Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer Pipe
to take into consideration the anticipated conditions of instal-
D3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass”
lation and service.
(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and
Fittings
1.3 This specification covers only fittings fabricated from
D3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
cutsectionsofpipe,orfromacombinationofpipesectionsand
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
contact molded (hand layup), or machine fabricated compo-
F477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Join-
nents.
ing Plastic Pipe
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided
3. Terminology
for information purposes only.
3.1 Definitions:
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
3.1.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
test method portion, Section 11, of this specification. This
nologies D883 and F412.Abbreviations are in accordance with
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
Terminology D1600, unless otherwise indicated.
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
3.2.1 fiberglass pipe—a tubular product containing glass
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
fiber reinforcements embedded in or surrounded by cured
regulatory limitations prior to use.
thermosetting resin. It is acceptable for the composite structure
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
to contain aggregate, granular or platelet fillers, thixotropic
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
agents, pigments or dyes. It is acceptable to include thermo-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
plastic or thermosetting liners or coatings.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.2 reinforced polymer mortar pipe—a fiberglass pipe
with aggregate.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced
Plastic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2019. Published August 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D3840 – 14. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D3840-19. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3840−19
3.2.3 reinforced thermosetting resin pipe—a fiberglass pipe increase uniformly in width to provide the specified minimum
without aggregate. total width of overlay that shall be centered on the seam. Table
1 shows minimum widths of overlays required. The ends of
3.2.4 qualification—One or more tests used to prove the
each layer of reinforcement shall be overlapped a minimum of
design of a product. Not a routine quality control test.
1 in. (25 mm). Crevices between joined sections shall be filled
NOTE 3—Qualification requirements appear in 6.1, 7.2, and 12.3.
with a filled resin paste, leaving a smooth inner surface. The
interior of the seams shall also be sealed by covering with not
4. Materials
lessthana0.03in.(0.76mm)thicknessofreinforcedresin-rich
4.1 Laminating Resin:
surface that provides corrosion resistance suitable for the
4.1.1 Type 1—Polyesterthermosettingresin,withorwithout
intended service. Alternatively, when it is necessary to fabri-
fillers or thixotropic agents or both.
cate a fitting where the size and configuration do not allow
adequate access to interior seams, the cut edges of sections
NOTE4—Forthepurposeofthisstandard,polyesterincludesvinylester
shall be sealed prior to assembly and any reinforcing overlay
resins.
protected by a resin-rich surface that provides corrosion
4.1.2 Type 2—Epoxy resin, conforming to the requirements
resistance suitable for the intended service.
of Specification D1763, with or without fillers or thixotropic
5.2.3 Components of dissimilar materials, such as steel to
agents, or both.
polyester or epoxy laminates, or polyester to epoxy laminates,
4.2 Reinforcement:
shall be bonded with a resin compound capable of adhering to
4.2.1 Grade 1—A commercial grade of glass fibers with a
both materials. The resin compound shall contact the joining
polyester-compatible finish.
surfaces of both components with the spaces between the
4.2.2 Grade 2—A commercial grade of glass fibers with an
components filled. The excess resin compound that extrudes
epoxy-compatible finish.
from the seam shall be removed, leaving a smooth fillet.
Sealing laminates and reinforcing overlays shall be applied
4.3 Gaskets—The elastomeric gaskets used with the fittings
where required (see 5.1.1, 5.2.1, and 5.2.2).
joined to pipe shall conform to the requirements of Specifica-
tion F477.
6. Joints
5. Fabrication 6.1 The fitting joints shall be coupling or bell-and-spigot in
accordancewiththejointrequirementsofSpecificationD3262,
5.1 Permissible Components:
unless otherwise specified. It is acceptable to qualify joint
5.1.1 Fittings covered under this specification shall be
designs on straight sections of pipe.
fabricated from cut section of pipe that conform to the
requirementsofSpecificationD3262, or from a combinationof
7. Physical Requirements
suchpipesectionsandcontactmolded(handlayup)ormachine
7.1 Properties of structural laminates, used either as seam
fabricated components.
reinforcing overlays or as contact molded or machine fabri-
5.1.2 It is acceptable to incorporate saddles, wrappers,
cated components, other than cut sections of pipe, shall be as
necked flanges, and other components of metal or other
shown in Table 1, when tested in accordance with 11.1.
dissimilar materials, as agreed upon between purchaser and
supplier, provided the materials of such components are
7.2 Shear Strength—The minimum shear strength of seam
resistant to the corrosive effects of the internal and external
reinforcingoverlaysshallbe500psi(3.45MPa)whentestedin
environments anticipated in service, or are lined or coated or
accordance with 11.2.
both with materials that provide equivalent protection.
8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
5.2 Bonding and Laminate Overlay Reinforcements:
5.2.1 Sections of the fitting shall be aligned and bonded 8.1 Wall Thickness—The wall thickness of any area of the
fitting furnished under this specification shall not at any point
together using polyester (Type 1) or epoxy (Type 2) resin
materials with or without fiberglass reinforcement. Fiberglass be less than 87.5 % of the nominal wall thickness published in
the manufacturers’ literature current at the time of purchase
reinforcement materials shall be compatible with the laminat-
ing resin; Grade 1 reinforcements shall be used with Type 1 when measured in accordance with 11.3.1.
laminating resin, and Grade 2 reinforcements shall be used
8.2 Fitting Diameters—Fittingsshallbesuppliedinnominal
with Type 2 laminating resin.
diametersasgiveninSpecificationD3262.Thefittingdiameter
5.2.2 It is acceptable to apply laminated reinforcing over-
tolerances shall be as given in Specification D3262, when
lays of bonded seams to either the outside or inside surface of
measured in accordance with 11.3.2 or 11.3.3 as applicable.
the fitting, or to both inside and outside surfaces. The laminate
8.3 Lengths—The tolerance for the laying length and other
shall be of chemically resistant construction suitable for the
significant dimensions shall be 62 in. (651 mm) or 61%of
purpose and shall provide the additional strength necessary to
the dimension, whichever is greater, when measured in accor-
meet the physical requirements shown in Table 1. Finished
dance with 11.3.4. See Tables 2-6 and Figs. 1 and 2 for typical
seam overlays shall be built up in two or more successive
minimum laying lengths.
layers of reinforcement and shall be as crevice free as
described in this paragraph and 5.2.3. The width of the first 8.4 Angular Dimensions—Angular dimensions shall have a
layer shall be 2 in. (50 mm) minimum. Successive layers shall tolerance of 61° when measured in accordance with 11.3.5.
D3840−19
TABLE 1 Minimum Properties of Structural Laminates
Nominal Diameter, in. (mm) Minimum Hoop Tensile Minimum Axial Tensile Minimum Total Width of
B
Strength, lbf/in. (kN/m) of Strength, lbf/in. (kN/m) Overlay, in. (mm)
A A
width of circumference
8 (203) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
10 (254) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
12 (305) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
14 (356) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
15 (381) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
16 (406) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
18 (457) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
20 (508) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
21 (533) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
24 (610) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
27 (686) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
30 (762) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
33 (838) 1700 (300) 1700 (300) 6 (150)
36 (914) 1800 (315) 1800 (315) 6 (150)
39 (991) 2000 (350) 2000 (350) 6 (150)
42 (1067) 2100 (368) 2100 (368) 6 (150)
45 (1143) 2300 (403) 2300 (403) 6 (150)
48 (1219) 2400 (420) 2400 (420) 8 (200)
51 (1295) 2600 (455) 2600 (455) 8 (200)
54 (1372) 2700 (473) 2700 (473) 8 (200)
60 (1524) 3000 (525) 3000 (525) 8 (200)
66 (1676) 3300 (578) 3300 (578) 10 (250)
72 (1829) 3600 (630) 3600 (630) 10 (250)
78 (1981) 3900 (683) 3900 (683) 10 (250)
84 (2134) 4200 (736) 4200 (736) 12 (300)
90 (2286) 4500 (788) 4500 (788) 12 (300)
96 (2438) 4800 (841) 4800 (841) 14 (350)
102 (2591) 5100 (893) 5100 (893) 16 (400)
108 (2743) 5400 (946) 5400 (946) 16 (400)
114 (2896) 5700 (998) 5700 (998) 16 (400)
120 (3048) 6000 (1051) 6000 (1051) 16 (400)
132 (3353) 6600 (1156) 6600 (1156) 18 (450)
144 (3658) 7200 (1261) 7200 (1261) 20 (500)
156 (3962) 7800 (1366) 7800 (1366) 22 (550)
A
The values given are minimums only. Sound engineering practice dictates that all fittings be designed to withstand the loads and conditions anticipated in the service for
which they are intended.
B
The dimensions given are minimums for“ butt-and-strap’’ type joints.
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 9.5 Fittings shall show good workmanship, including uni-
formity from item to item.
9.1 The inside surfaces of each fitting shall blend smoothly
and shall be free of bulges, dents, ridges, or other irregularities
10. Sampling
that result in a variation of more than ⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) from that
10.1 Lot—Unless otherwise agreed upon between purchaser
obtained on adjacent portions of the surface.
and supplier, one lot shall consist of 100 fittings of each type,
NOTE 5—This requirement is concerned with roughness and waviness
grade, and construction of laminate overlay reinforcement, or
and does not apply to diameter tolerances or thickness of internal seam
contact molded or machine fabricated component, or both.
reinforcement if present. See 8.2 for inside diameter tolerances, including
internal reinforcement.
10.2 Unit Sample—Select one fitting from each lot. Prepare
a sample or representative laminate and test specimens to
9.2 Joint sealing surfaces shall be free of dents, gouges,
determine conformance with the requirements of 7.1 for
cracks, and other surface imperfections that will affect the
ultimate tensile strength.
integrity of the joints.
9.3 The inner surface of each reinforced plastic fitting 11. Test Methods
component and connecting seam shall be composed of resin
11.1 Ultimate Tensile Strength—Determine the ultimate ten-
with or without reinforcement, aggregate, or filler. No glass
sile strength of sample laminate specimens cut from seam
fiber-reinforcement shall penetrate the interior surface of the
reinforcing overlays or contact molded or machine fabricated
fitting wall.
components, or from specimens of a laminate fabricated to be
9.4 Internal and external reinforcements shall be free of consistent in every way with the construction used in the
voids, dry spots, cracks, and crazing. Some waviness in the reinforcing overlay or component of the fitting. One or both of
internal reinforcement is permissible so long as the surface is the following test methods shall be employed at the manufac-
smooth. Unless otherwise agreed upon between purchaser and turer’s option:
supplier, all fittings shall meet the visual and repair criteria of 11.1.1 Test Method D2290, using Type B specimens, except
Tables 7 and 8. that the size of the specimens shall be permitted to be modified
D3840−19
A A
TABLE 2 0° to 30° Elbow TABLE 3 31° to 60° Elbow
B
Pipe Size, in. (mm) Dimension A , in. (mm)
B
Pipe Size, in. Dimension C , R1 (45°), in.
in. (mm)
(mm) (mm)
8 (203) 12 (305)
10 (254) 13 (330)
12 (305) 13 (330)
14 (356) 14 (356) 8 (203) 18.5 (470) 12.0 (305)
10 (254) 19.5 (495) 15.0 (381)
15 (381) 14 (356)
16 (406) 15 (381) 12 (305) 20.5 (521) 18.0 (457)
18 (457) 15 (381) 14 (356) 22.0 (559) 21.0 (533)
20 (508) 16 (406) 15 (381) 22.5 (572) 22.5 (572)
21 (533) 16 (406) 16 (406) 23.0 (584) 24.0 (610)
24 (610) 17 (432) 18 (457) 25.0 (635) 27.0 (686)
27 (686) 17 (432) 20 (508) 25.5 (648) 30.0 (762)
30 (762) 18 (457) 21 (533) 26.0 (660) 31.5 (800)
33 (838) 18 (457) 24 (610) 27.5 (699) 36.0 (914)
27 (686) 28.5 (724) 40.5 (1029)
36 (914) 20 (508)
39 (991) 21 (533) 30 (762) 31.0 (787) 45.0 (1143)
42 (1067) 22 (559) 33 (838) 33.0 (838) 49.5 (1257)
45 (1143) 23 (584) 36 (914) 34.5 (876) 54.0 (1372)
48 (1219) 24 (610) 39 (991) 36.5 (927) 58.5 (1486)
54 (13
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3840 − 14 D3840 − 19 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
“Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin)
Pipe Fittings for Nonpressure Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3840; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers fiberglass pipe fittings intended for use in gravity flow systems for conveying sanitary sewage,
storm water, and those industrial wastes for which the fittings are determined to be suitable. Elbows, tees, laterals, crosses,
reducers, and adapters are included. Both glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin pipe (RTRP) and glass-fiber-reinforced
polymer mortar pipe (RPMP) are fiberglass pipes.
NOTE 1—For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not include natural polymers.
1.2 This specification is intended to cover only dimensions, material properties, and workmanship rather than the structural
design of the fittings. The structural design of the fittings shall be as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier, and needs to
take into consideration the anticipated conditions of installation and service.
1.3 This specification covers only fittings fabricated from cut sections of pipe, or from a combination of pipe sections and
contact molded (hand layup), or machine fabricated components.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information purposes only.
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this specification. This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D1763 Specification for Epoxy Resins
D2290 Test Method for Apparent Hoop Tensile Strength of Plastic or Reinforced Plastic Pipe
D3262 Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer Pipe
D3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and Fittings
D3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
F477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced Plastic Piping
Systems and Chemical Equipment.
Current edition approved April 1, 2014Aug. 1, 2019. Published April 2014August 2019. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 20102014 as
D3840 – 10.D3840 – 14. This specification replaces Specification D4160. DOI: 10.1520/D3840-14.10.1520/D3840-19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3840 − 19
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Terminologies D883 and F412. Abbreviations are in accordance with
Terminology D1600, unless otherwise indicated.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 fiberglass pipe—a tubular product containing glass fiber reinforcements embedded in or surrounded by cured
thermosetting resin. It is acceptable for the composite structure to contain aggregate, granular or platelet fillers, thixotropic agents,
pigments or dyes. It is acceptable to include thermoplastic or thermosetting liners or coatings.
3.2.2 reinforced polymer mortar pipe—a fiberglass pipe with aggregate.
3.2.3 reinforced thermosetting resin pipe—a fiberglass pipe without aggregate.
3.2.4 qualification—One or more tests used to prove the design of a product. Not a routine quality control test.
NOTE 3—Qualification requirements appear in 6.1, 7.2, and 12.3.
4. Materials
4.1 Laminating Resin:
4.1.1 Type 1—Polyester thermosetting resin, with or without fillers or thixotropic agents or both.
NOTE 4—For the purpose of this standard, polyester includes vinyl ester resins.
4.1.2 Type 2—Epoxy resin, conforming to the requirements of Specification D1763, with or without fillers or thixotropic agents,
or both.
4.2 Reinforcement:
4.2.1 Grade 1—A commercial grade of glass fibers with a polyester-compatible finish.
4.2.2 Grade 2—A commercial grade of glass fibers with an epoxy-compatible finish.
4.3 Gaskets—The elastomeric gaskets used with the fittings joined to pipe shall conform to the requirements of Specification
F477.
5. Fabrication
5.1 Permissible Components:
5.1.1 Fittings covered under this specification shall be fabricated from cut section of pipe that conform to the requirements of
Specification D3262, or from a combination of such pipe sections and contact molded (hand layup) or machine fabricated
components.
5.1.2 It is acceptable to incorporate saddles, wrappers, necked flanges, and other components of metal or other dissimilar
materials, as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier, provided the materials of such components are resistant to the corrosive
effects of the internal and external environments anticipated in service, or are lined or coated or both with materials that provide
equivalent protection.
5.2 Bonding and Laminate Overlay Reinforcements:
5.2.1 Sections of the fitting shall be aligned and bonded together using polyester (Type 1) or epoxy (Type 2) resin materials with
or without fiberglass reinforcement. Fiberglass reinforcement materials shall be compatible with the laminating resin; Grade 1
reinforcements shall be used with Type 1 laminating resin, and Grade 2 reinforcements shall be used with Type 2 laminating resin.
5.2.2 It is acceptable to apply laminated reinforcing overlays of bonded seams to either the outside or inside surface of the
fitting, or to both inside and outside surfaces. The laminate shall be of chemically resistant construction suitable for the purpose
and shall provide the additional strength necessary to meet the physical requirements shown in Table 1. Finished seam overlays
shall be built up in two or more successive layers of reinforcement and shall be as crevice free as described in this paragraph and
5.2.3. The width of the first layer shall be 2 in. (50 mm) minimum. Successive layers shall increase uniformly in width to provide
the specified minimum total width of overlay that shall be centered on the seam. Table 1 shows minimum widths of overlays
required. The ends of each layer of reinforcement shall be overlapped a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm). Crevices between joined
sections shall be filled with a filled resin paste, leaving a smooth inner surface. The interior of the seams shall also be sealed by
covering with not less than a 0.03 in. (0.76 mm) thickness of reinforced resin-rich surface that provides corrosion resistance
suitable for the intended service. Alternatively, when it is necessary to fabricate a fitting where the size and configuration do not
allow adequate access to interior seams, the cut edges of sections shall be sealed prior to assembly and any reinforcing overlay
protected by a resin-rich surface that provides corrosion resistance suitable for the intended service.
5.2.3 Components of dissimilar materials, such as steel to polyester or epoxy laminates, or polyester to epoxy laminates, shall
be bonded with a resin compound capable of adhering to both materials. The resin compound shall contact the joining surfaces
of both components with the spaces between the components filled. The excess resin compound that extrudes from the seam shall
be removed, leaving a smooth fillet. Sealing laminates and reinforcing overlays shall be applied where required (see 5.1.1, 5.2.1,
and 5.2.2).
D3840 − 19
TABLE 1 Minimum Properties of Structural Laminates
Nominal Diameter, in. (mm) Minimum Hoop Tensile Minimum Axial Tensile Minimum Total Width of
B
Strength, lbf/in. (kN/m) of Strength, lbf/in. (kN/m) Overlay, in. (mm)
A A
width of circumference
8 (203) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
10 (254) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
12 (305) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
14 (356) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
15 (381) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
16 (406) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
18 (457) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
20 (508) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
21 (533) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
24 (610) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
27 (686) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
30 (762) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)
33 (838) 1700 (300) 1700 (300) 6 (150)
36 (914) 1800 (315) 1800 (315) 6 (150)
39 (991) 2000 (350) 2000 (350) 6 (150)
42 (1067) 2100 (368) 2100 (368) 6 (150)
45 (1143) 2300 (403) 2300 (403) 6 (150)
48 (1219) 2400 (420) 2400 (420) 8 (200)
51 (1295) 2600 (455) 2600 (455) 8 (200)
54 (1372) 2700 (473) 2700 (473) 8 (200)
60 (1524) 3000 (525) 3000 (525) 8 (200)
66 (1676) 3300 (578) 3300 (578) 10 (250)
72 (1829) 3600 (630) 3600 (630) 10 (250)
78 (1981) 3900 (683) 3900 (683) 10 (250)
84 (2134) 4200 (736) 4200 (736) 12 (300)
90 (2286) 4500 (788) 4500 (788) 12 (300)
96 (2438) 4800 (841) 4800 (841) 14 (350)
102 (2591) 5100 (893) 5100 (893) 16 (400)
108 (2743) 5400 (946) 5400 (946) 16 (400)
114 (2896) 5700 (998) 5700 (998) 16 (400)
120 (3048) 6000 (1051) 6000 (1051) 16 (400)
132 (3353) 6600 (1156) 6600 (1156) 18 (450)
144 (3658) 7200 (1261) 7200 (1261) 20 (500)
156 (3962) 7800 (1366) 7800 (1366) 22 (550)
A
The values given are minimums only. Sound engineering practice dictates that all fittings be designed to withstand the loads and conditions anticipated in the service for
which they are intended.
B
The dimensions given are minimums for“ butt-and-strap’’ type joints.
6. Joints
6.1 The fitting joints shall be coupling or bell-and-spigot in accordance with the joint requirements of Specification D3262,
unless otherwise specified. It is acceptable to qualify joint designs on straight sections of pipe.
7. Physical Requirements
7.1 Properties of structural laminates, used either as seam reinforcing overlays or as contact molded or machine fabricated
components, other than cut sections of pipe, shall be as shown in Table 1, when tested in accordance with 11.1.
7.2 Shear Strength—The minimum shear strength of seam reinforcing overlays shall be 500 psi (3.45 MPa) when tested in
accordance with 11.2.
8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
8.1 Wall Thickness—The wall thickness of any area of the fitting furnished under this specification shall not at any point be less
than 87.5 % of the nominal wall thickness published in the manufacturers’ literature current at the time of purchase when measured
in accordance with 11.3.1.
8.2 Fitting Diameters—Fittings shall be supplied in nominal diameters as given in Specification D3262. The fitting diameter
tolerances shall be as given in Specification D3262, when measured in accordance with 11.3.2. or 11.3.3 as applicable.
8.3 Lengths—The tolerance for the laying length and other significant dimensions shall be 62 in. (651 mm) or 61 % of the
dimension, whichever is greater. greater, when measured in accordance with 11.3.4. See Tables 2-6 and Figs. 1 and 2 for typical
minimum laying lengths.
8.4 Angular Dimensions—Angular dimensions shall have a tolerance of 61° when measured in accordance with 11.3.411.3.5.
D3840 − 19
A
TABLE 2 0° to 30° Elbow
B
Pipe Size, in. (mm) Dimension A , in. (mm)
8 (203) 12 (305)
10 (254) 13 (330)
12 (305) 13 (330)
14 (356) 14 (356)
15 (381) 14 (356)
16 (406) 15 (381)
18 (457) 15 (381)
20 (508) 16 (406)
21 (533) 16 (406)
24 (610) 17 (432)
27 (686) 17 (432)
30 (762) 18 (457)
33 (838) 18 (457)
36 (914) 20 (508)
39 (991) 21 (533)
42 (1067) 22 (559)
45 (1143) 23 (584)
48 (1219) 24 (610)
54 (1372) 25 (635)
60 (1524) 26 (660)
66 (1676) 29 (737)
72 (1829) 29 (737)
78 (1981) 30 (762)
84 (2134) 34 (864)
90 (2286) 36 (914)
96 (2438) 38 (965)
102 (2591) 39 (991)
108 (2743) 41 (1041)
A
Fitting end configurations other than the typical bell and spigot shown in the
figure are acceptable as agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser. Refer
to Section 6.
B
Dimensions given are typical minimum laying lengths. Laying lengths for fittings
larger than 108 in. diameter shall be as agreed upon between purchaser and
supplier.
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
9.1 The inside surfaces of each fitting shall blend smoothly and shall be free of bulges, dents, ridges, or other irregularities that
result in a variation of more than ⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) from that obtained on adjacent portions of the surface.
NOTE 5—This requirement is concerned with roughness and waviness and does not apply to diameter tolerances or thickness of internal seam
reinforcement if present. See 8.2 for inside diameter tolerances, including internal reinforcement.
9.2 Joint sealing surfaces shall be free of dents, gouges, cracks, and other surface imperfections that will affect the integrity of
the joints.
9.3 The inner surface of each reinforced plastic fitting component and connecting seam shall be composed of resin with or
without reinforcement, aggregate, or filler. No glass fiber-reinforcement shall penetrate the interior surface of the fitting wall.
9.4 Internal and external reinforcements shall be free of voids, dry spots, cracks, and crazing. Some waviness in the internal
reinforcement is permissible so long as the surface is smooth. Unless otherwise agreed upon between purchaser and supplier, all
fittings shall meet the visual and repair criteria of Tables 7 and 8.
9.5 Fittings shall show good workmanship, including uniformity from item to item.
D3840 − 19
A
TABLE 3 31° to 60° Elbow
B
Pipe Size, in. Dimension C , R1 (45°), in.
in. (mm)
(mm) (mm)
8 (203) 18.5 (470) 12.0 (305)
10 (254) 19.5 (495) 15.0 (381)
12 (305) 20.5 (521) 18.0 (457)
14 (356) 22.0 (559) 21.0 (533)
15 (381) 22.5 (572) 22.5 (572)
16 (406) 23.0 (584) 24.0 (610)
18 (457) 25.0 (635) 27.0 (686)
20 (508) 25.5 (648) 30.0 (762)
21 (533) 26.0 (660) 31.5 (800)
24 (610) 27.5 (699) 36.0 (914)
27 (686) 28.5 (724) 40.5 (1029)
30 (762) 31.0 (787) 45.0 (1143)
33 (838) 33.0 (838) 49.5 (1257)
36 (914) 34.5 (876) 54.0 (1372)
39 (991) 36.5 (927) 58.5 (1486)
42 (1067) 38.0 (965) 63.0 (1600)
45 (1143) 40.5 (1029) 67.5 (1715)
48 (1219) 41.5 (1054) 72.0 (1829)
54 (1372) 45.0 (1143) 81.0 (2057)
60 (1524) 48.5 (1232) 90.0 (2286)
66 (1676) 52.0 (1321) 99.0 (2515)
72 (1829) 55.5 (1410) 108.0 (2743)
78 (1981) 59.0 (1499) 117.0 (2972)
84 (2134) 62.5 (1588) 126.0 (3200)
90 (2286) 66.5 (1689) 135.0 (3429)
96 (2438) 70.0 (1778) 144.0 (3658)
102 (2591) 73.5 (1867)
...