ASTM E2207-08
(Practice)Standard Practice for Strain-Controlled Axial-Torsional Fatigue Testing with Thin-Walled Tubular Specimens
Standard Practice for Strain-Controlled Axial-Torsional Fatigue Testing with Thin-Walled Tubular Specimens
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Multiaxial forces often tend to introduce deformation and damage mechanisms that are unique and quite different from those induced under a simple uniaxial loading condition. Since most engineering components are subjected to cyclic multiaxial forces it is necessary to characterize the deformation and fatigue behaviors of materials in this mode. Such a characterization enables reliable prediction of the fatigue lives of many engineering components. Axial-torsional loading is one of several possible types of multiaxial force systems and is essentially a biaxial type of loading. Thin-walled tubular specimens subjected to axial-torsional loading can be used to explore behavior of materials in two of the four quadrants in principal stress or strain spaces. Axial-torsional loading is more convenient than in-plane biaxial loading because the stress state in the thin-walled tubular specimens is constant over the entire test section and is well-known. This practice is useful for generating fatigue life and cyclic deformation data on homogeneous materials under axial, torsional, and combined in- and out-of-phase axial-torsional loading conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 The standard deals with strain-controlled, axial, torsional, and combined in- and out-of-phase axial torsional fatigue testing with thin-walled, circular cross-section, tubular specimens at isothermal, ambient and elevated temperatures. This standard is limited to symmetric, completely-reversed strains (zero mean strains) and axial and torsional waveforms with the same frequency in combined axial-torsional fatigue testing. This standard is also limited to characterization of homogeneous materials with thin-walled tubular specimens and does not cover testing of either large-scale components or structural elements.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E2207 − 08
StandardPractice for
Strain-Controlled Axial-Torsional Fatigue Testing with Thin-
1
Walled Tubular Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2207; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E209 PracticeforCompressionTestsofMetallicMaterialsat
Elevated Temperatures with Conventional or Rapid Heat-
1.1 The standard deals with strain-controlled, axial,
ing Rates and Strain Rates
torsional, and combined in- and out-of-phase axial torsional
E467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dy-
fatigue testing with thin-walled, circular cross-section, tubular
namic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System
specimens at isothermal, ambient and elevated temperatures.
E606 Practice for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
This standard is limited to symmetric, completely-reversed
E1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-
strains (zero mean strains) and axial and torsional waveforms
men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial
with the same frequency in combined axial-torsional fatigue
Force Application
testing. This standard is also limited to characterization of
E1417 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing
homogeneous materials with thin-walled tubular specimens
E1444 Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing
and does not cover testing of either large-scale components or
E1823 TerminologyRelatingtoFatigueandFractureTesting
structural elements.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions—The terms specific to this practice are
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
defined in this section.All other terms used in this practice are
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
in accordance with Terminologies E6 and E1823.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 axial strain—refers to engineering axial strain, ε, and
2. Referenced Documents
is defined as change in length divided by the original length
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(∆L /L ).
g g
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
3.2.2 shear strain—refers to engineering shear strain, γ,
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
resulting from the application of a torsional moment to a
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
cylindrical specimen. Such a torsional shear strain is simple
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
shear and is defined similar to axial strain with the exception
E9 Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Mate-
that the shearing displacement, ∆L is perpendicular to rather
s
rials at Room Temperature
thanparalleltothegagelength, L ,thatis,γ=∆L/L (seeFig.
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten- g s g
1).
someter Systems
E111 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus,
NOTE 1—γ= is related to the angles of twist, θ and Ψ as follows:
and Chord Modulus γ = tan Ψ, where Ψ is the angle of twist along the gage length of the
cylindrical specimen. For small angles expressed in radians, tan Ψ
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
approaches Ψ and γ approaches Ψ.
E143 Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature
γ=(d/2)θ/L ,whereθexpressedinradiansistheangleoftwistbetween
g
theplanesdefiningthegagelengthofthecylindricalspecimenand disthe
diameter of the cylindrical specimen.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue and NOTE 2—∆L is measurable directly as displacement using specially
s
Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.05 on Cyclic calibrated torsional extensometers or as the arc length∆L =(d/2)θ, where
s
Deformation and Fatigue Crack Formation.
θ is measured directly with a rotary variable differential transformer.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The shear strain varies linearly through
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E2207–02. DOI:
10.1520/E2207-08.
the thin wall of the specimen, with the smallest and largest
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
values occurring at the inner and outer diameters of the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
specimen, respectively. The value of shear strain on the outer
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. surface,innersurface,andmeandiameterofthespecimensh
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2207–02 Designation:E2207–08
Standard Practice for
Strain-Controlled Axial-Torsional Fatigue Testing with Thin-
1
Walled Tubular Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2207; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 The standard deals with strain-controlled, axial, torsional, and combined in- and out-of-phase axial torsional fatigue testing
with thin-walled, circular cross-section, tubular specimens at isothermal, ambient and elevated temperatures. This standard is
limited to symmetric, completely-reversed strains (zero mean strains) and axial and torsional waveforms with the same frequency
in combined axial-torsional fatigue testing. This standard is also limited to thin-walled tubular specimens (machined from
homogeneous materials)characterization of homogeneous materials with thin-walled tubular specimens and does not cover testing
of either large-scale components or structural elements.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 3Practice Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E 9 Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Materials at Room Temperature
E 83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E 111 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus, and Chord Modulus
E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E 143 Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature
E 209 PracticeforCompressionTestsofMetallicMaterialsatElevatedTemperatureswithConventionalorRapidHeatingRates
orand Strain Rates
E 467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dynamic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System
E 606 Practice for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
2
E 1012Practice for Verification of Specimen Alignment under Tensile Loading Practice for Verification of Test Frame and
Specimen Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial Force Application
E 1417 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination Testing
3
E 1444 Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination Testing
E 1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions:
3.1.1
3.1 Definitions—The terms specific to this practice are defined in this section. All other terms used in this practice are in
accordance with Terminologies E 6 and E 1823.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.05 on Cyclic Deformation
and Fatigue Crack Formation.
Current edition approved May 10, 2002. Published August 2002.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E 2207–02.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 03.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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E2207–08
3.2.1 axial strain—refers to engineering axial strain, e, and is defined as change in length divided by the original length
(DL /L ).
g g
3.1.2
3.2.2 shear strain—refers to engineering shear strain, g, resulting from the application of a torsional moment to a cylindrical
specimen. Such a torsional shear strain is simple shear and is defined similar to axial strain with the exception that the shearing
displacement, DL is perpendicular to rather than parallel to the gage length, L , that is, g = DL/L (see Fig. 1).
s g s g
NOTE 1—g= is related to the angles of twist, u and C as follows:
g = tan C, where C is the angle of twist along the gage length of the cylindrical specimen. For sm
...
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