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ASTM D5797-96(2001)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines

Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 70 to 85 volume % methanol and 30 to 14 volume % hydrocarbons for use in ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignition engines. Appendix X1 discusses the significance of the properties specified. Appendix X2 presents the current status in the development of a luminosity test procedure for M70-M85.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions-Annex A1, Annex A2, Annex A3, and Appendix X2 of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-1996
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.A0.02 - Oxygenated Fuels and Components
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5797-96 - Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
10-Apr-1996
Replaced By
ASTM D5797-06 - Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7920-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Fuel Methanol (M99) and Methanol Fuel Blends (M10 to M99) by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-1996

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ASTM D5797-96(2001) - Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition EnginesASTM D5797-96(2001) - Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
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ASTM D5797-96(2001) - Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 5797 – 96 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Specification for
Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition
Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5797; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and
Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 70 to
and Related Products
85 volume % methanol and 30 to 14 volume % hydrocarbons
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
for use in ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignition
X-ray Spectrometry Method
engines. Appendix X1 discusses the significance of the prop-
D2988 Test Method for Water-Soluble Halide Ion in Halo-
erties specified.Appendix X2 presents the current status in the
genated Organic Solvents and Their Admixtures
development of a luminosity test procedure for M70-M85.
D3120 Test Method forTrace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
standard. Values given in parentheses are provided for infor-
lometry
mation only.
D3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
test method portions–Annex A1, Annex A2, Annex A3, and
Petroleum Products
Appendix X2 of this specification. This standard does not
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated
Petroleum Products
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard
D4307 PracticeforPreparationofLiquidBlendsforUseas
to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
Analytical Standards
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
D4626 Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic
use.
Response Factors
2. Referenced Documents D4814 SpecificationforAutomotiveSpark-IgnitionEngine
Fuel
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alco-
D130 TestMethodforDetectionofCopperCorrosionfrom 1 4
hols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
D4929 Test Methods for Determination of Organic Chlo-
D381 Test Method for Existent Gum in Fuels by Jet
ride Content in Crude Oil
Evaporation
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
D512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline
D5059 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by X-ray Spec-
(Induction Period Method)
troscopy
D872 Test Method for Sulfonation Index of Road Tars
D5190 Test Method forVapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
ucts (Automatic Method)
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
D5191 Test Method forVapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
(Lamp Method)
ucts (Mini Method)
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
Light Hydrocarbons, Motor Fuels and Oils by Ultraviolet
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Fluorescence
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is under the direct responsibility of
E203 Test Method for Water Using Karl Fischer Reagent
Subcommittee D02.A on Gasoline and Oxygenated Fuels.
Current edition approved April 10, 1996. Published June 1996. Originally
published as D5797–95. Last previous edition D5797–95.
Reference to the following documents is to be the latest issue unless otherwise
specified. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
3 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
4 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
5 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5797 – 96 (2001)
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Rela- 3.2.4 hydrocarbon—those components in a methanol-
tionships hydrocarbon blend that contain only hydrogen and carbon.
E1145 Specification for Denatured EthylAlcohol, Formula
7 4. Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) Performance Requirements
3A
4.1 Fuelmethanol(M70-M85)shallconformtotherequire-
3. Terminology ments in Table 1.
3.1 Definitions:
NOTE 1—Most of the requirements cited in Table 1 are based on the
3.1.1 methanol, n—methylalcohol,thechemicalcompound
best technical information currently available regarding the performance
CH OH. of these fuels in current technology vehicles. Requirements for sulfur,
phosphorus, and lead are based on the use of gasoline defined in
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Specification D4814 understanding that control of these elements will
3.2.1 aliphatic ether—an oxygen-containing, ashless, or-
affectcatalystlifetime.TheleadmaximumislimitedforClass1andClass
ganic compound in which the oxygen atom is interposed
2 fuels to the lower limit of the test method. As greater experience is
betweeen two carbon atoms (organic groups), has the general
gained from field use of M70-M85 vehicles, and further vehicle hardware
formulaC H Owithnbeing5to8,andinwhichthecarbon
n 2n+2 developments for the use of higher methanol content fuels occurs, it is
atoms are connected in open chains and not closed rings. expected that many of these requirements will change.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Aliphaticcompoundscanbestraightor
4.1.1 Vapor pressure is varied for seasonal and climatic
branched chains and saturated or unsaturated. The term ali-
changes by providing three vapor pressure classes for M70-
phatic ether, as used in this specification, refers only to the
M85. The seasonal and geographic distribution for the three
saturated compounds.
vapor pressure classes is shown in Table 2. Class 1 encom-
3.2.2 fuel methanol (M70-M85)—a blend of methanol and
passes geographical areas with 6-h tenth-percentile minimum
hydrocarbonsofwhichthemethanolportionisnominally70to
ambient temperature of greater than 5°C (41°F). Class 2
85 volume% .
encompasses geographical areas with 6-h tenth-percentile
3.2.3 higher alcohols—aliphatic alcohols of the general
minimum temperatures of greater than−5°C (23°F) but less
formula C H OH with n being 2 to 8.
n 2 n+1
than+5°C. Class 3 encompasses geographical areas with 6-h
tenth-percentile minimum ambient temperature less than or
equal to−5°C.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
TABLE 1 Requirements for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85)
A
Properties Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Methanol + higher alcohols, min, 84 80 70
volume%
Hydrocarbon/aliphatic ether, 14–16 14–20 14–30
volume%
Vapor pressure, kPa 48–62 62–83 83–103
(psi) 7.0–9.0 9.0–12.0 12.0–15.0
Lead, max, mg/L 2.6 2.6 3.9
Phosphorus, max, mg/L 0.2 0.3 0.4
Sulfur, max, mg/kg 160 200 300
All Classes
Higher alcohols (C –C ), max, 2
2 8
volume %
Acidity, as acetic acid, max, 50
mg/kg
Solvent washed gum content, 5
max, mg/100 mL
Unwashed gum content, max, 20
mg/100 mL
Total chlorine as chlorides, max, 2
mg/kg
Inorganic chloride, max, mg/kg 1
Water, max, mass% 0.5
Appearance This product shall be visibly free of
suspended or precipitated contaminants (clear
and bright). This shall be determined at
indoor ambient temperatures unless otherwise
agreed upon between the supplier and the
purchaser.
A
See 4.1.1 for volatility class criteria.
D 5797 – 96 (2001)
TABLE 2 Seasonal and Geographical Volatility Specifications for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85)
NOTE 1—This schedule subject to agreement between the purchaser and the seller denotes the vapor pressure class of the fuel at the time and place
of bulk delivery to fuel dispensing facilities for the end user. Shipments should anticipate this schedule.
State January February March April May June July August September October November December
Alabama 2222 2/1 1111 1/2 2 2
Alaska
Southern Region 3333 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2/3 333
South Mainland 3333 3/2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 333
Arizona
N of 34° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Sof34°Latitude 222 2/1 11111 1/2 2 2
Arkansas 3 3 3/2 2/1 1111 1/2 2 2/3 3
A
California
North Coast 22222 2/1 111 1/2 2 2
South Coast 3/2 2 2 2 2/1 1111 1/2 2/3 3
Southeast 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Interior 22222 2/1 111 1/2 2 2
Colorado
E of 105° Longitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
W of 105° Longitude 3333 3/2 2 2/1 1/2 2/3 333
Connecticut 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Delaware 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
District of Columbia 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Florida
Nof29°Latitude 222 2/1 11111 1/2 2 2
Sof29°Latitude 2 2/1 11111111 1/2 2
Georgia 3 3/2 2 2/1 11111 1/2 2 2/3
Hawaii 111111111111
Idaho 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Illinois
N of 40° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
S of 40° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Indiana 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Iowa 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Kansas 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Kentucky 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Louisiana 2 2 2 2/1 11111 1/2 2 2
Maine 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Maryland 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Massachusetts 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Michigan
Lower Michigan 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Upper Michigan 3333 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 33
Minnesota 3333 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 33
Mississippi 222 2/1 11111 1/2 2 2
Missouri 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Montana 3333 3/2 2 2/1 1/2 2/3 333
Nebraska 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Nevada
N of 38° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
S of 38° Latitude 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
New Hampshire 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
New Jersey 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
New Mexico
N of 34° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Sof34°Latitude 33 3/2 2/1 11111 1/2 2/3 3
New York
N of 42° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
S of 42° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
North Carolina 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
North Dakota 3333 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 33
Ohio 333 3/2 2/1 111 1/2 2/3 33
Oklahoma 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Oregon
E of 122° Longitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
W of 122° Longitude 3 3/2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2 2/3
Pennsylvania
N of 41° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
S of 41° Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Rhode Island 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
South Carolina 2 2 2 2/1 11111 1/2 2 2
South Dakota 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Tennessee 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Texas
N of 31° Latitude 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
D 5797 – 96 (2001)
TABLE 2 Continued
State January February March April May June July August September October November December
Sof31°Latitude 222 2/1 11111 1/2 2 2
Utah 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
Vermont 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Virginia 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3
Washington
E of 122° Longitude 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3
W of 122° Longitude 3 3/2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2 2/3
West Virginia 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Wisconsin 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3
Wyoming 3333 3/2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 33
A
Details of State Climatological Division by county as indicated:
California, North Coast—Alameda, Contra Costa, Del Norte, Humbolt, Lake, Marin, Mendocino, Monterey, Napa, San Benito, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara,
Santa Cruz, Solano, Sonoma, Trinity
California, Interior—Lassen, Modoc, Plumas, Sierra, Siskiyou, Alpine, Amador, Butte, Calaveras, Colusa, El Dorado, Fresno, Glenn, Kern (except that portion lying east
of Los Angeles County Aqueduct), Kings, Madera, Mariposa, Marced, Placer, Sacramento, San Joaquin, Shasta, Stanislaus, Sutter, Tehama, Tulare, Tuolumne, Yolo, Yuba,
Nevada
California, South Coast—Orange, San Diego, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Ventura, Los Angeles (except that portion north of the San Gabriel Mountain range and
east of the Los Angeles County Aqueduct)
California, Southeast—Imperial, Riverside, San Bernadino, Los Angeles (that portion north of the San Gabriel Mountain range and east of the Los Angeles County
Aqueduct), Mono, Inyo, Kern (that portion lying east of the Los Angeles County Aqueduct)
4.1.2 The hydrocarbons used shall have a final maximum 6.1.1 Methanol—A procedure for a test method for metha-
boilingpointof225°C(437°F)byTestMethodD86,oxidation
nol content of fuel methanol (M70-M85) is included asAnnex
stability of 240-min minimum byTest Method D525, and No. A1. Verification of the appropriateness of this test method has
1 maximum copper strip corrosion byTest Method D130.The
indicated that the precision of this method may not be
hydrocarbons may contain aliphatic ethers as blending compo-
adequate.As work continues to develop a method, this proce-
nents as are customarily used for automotive fuel.
dure remains the best available.
4.1.3 Use of unprotected aluminum in fuel methanol (M70-
6.1.2 Hydrocarbon/Aliphatic Ether—Use Test Method
M85) distribution and dispensing equipment will introduce
D4815 to determine higher alcohols, methyl tert-butyl ether
insoluble aluminum compounds into the fuel causing plugged
(MTBE),andotherethers.Watermayalsobedeterminedifthe
vehicle fuel filters. Furthermore, this effect can be exaggerated
gas chromatograph is equipped with a thermal conductivity
even with protected aluminum by elevated fuel conductivity
detector.Asanalternative,watercanbedeterminedbytheKarl
caused by contact with a nitrile rubber dispensing hose.
Fischertestmethod(see6.1.9).Theconcentrationofmethanol,
Therefore, unprotected aluminum and an unlined nitrile rubber
otheralcohols,andwatercanbeadded,andthesumsubtracted
dispensing hose should be avoided in fuel methanol (M70-
from 100 to get the percent of hydrocarbons/aliphatic ethers.
M85) distribution and dispensing systems.
An alternative test method is contained in Annex A2.
5. Sampling 6.1.3 Vapor Pressure— Test Methods D4953, D5190, or
D5191.
5.1 Sample in accordance with Practice D4057, except that
water displacement (10.3.1.8 of Practice D4057) shall not be 6.1.4 Acidity—Test Method D1613.
used.
6.1.5 Gum Content, Solvent Washed and Unwashed—Test
5.2 Where practical, M70-M85 should be sampled in glass
Method D381.
containers.Ifsamplesmustbecollectedinmetalcontainers,do
6.1.6 Total Chlorine as Chloride—Test Methods D4929,
notusesolderedmetalcontainers.Thisisbecausethesoldering
Method B.
flu
...

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ASTM D2699-24a(Test Method)
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements appear throughout the test method.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D396-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Fuel Oils

ABSTRACT
This specification covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades include the following: Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 for use in domestic and small industrial burners; Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel; Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 (Heavy) for use in commercial/industrial burners; and Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 for use in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization. The grades of fuel oil shall be homogeneous hydrocarbon oils, free from inorganic acid, and free from excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter. Grades containing residual components shall remain uniform in normal storage and not separate by gravity into light and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade. The grades of fuel oil shall conform to the limiting requirements prescribed for: (1) flash point, (2) water and sediment, (3) physical distillation or simulated distillation, (4) kinematic viscosity, (5) Ramsbottom carbon residue, (6) ash, (7) sulfur, (8) copper strip corrosion, (9) density, and (10) pour point. The test methods for determining conformance to the specified properties are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 1 S15, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 2 S15 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, and No. 1 S15 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel.  
1.1.2 Grades B6–B20 S5000, B6–B20 S500, and B6–B20 S15 are middle distillate fuel/biodiesel blends for use in domestic and small industrial burners.  
1.1.3 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range.  
1.1.4 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization.  
Note 1: For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
Note 2: A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3.  
1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for purchases of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.  
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4.1 Non-SI units are provided in Table 1 and Table 2 and in 7.1.2.1/7.1.2.2 because these are common units used in the industry.
Note 3: The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1655-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels

ABSTRACT
This specification covers purchases of aviation turbine fuel under contract and is intended primarily for use by purchasing agencies. This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for reciprocating aviation turbine engines, but rather, defines the following specific types of aviation fuel for civil use: Jet A; and Jet A-1. The fuels shall be sampled and tested appropriately to examine their conformance to detailed requirements as to composition, volatility, fluidity, combustion, corrosion, thermal stability, contaminants, and additives.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine fuel under contract.  
1.2 This specification defines the minimum property requirements for Jet A and Jet A-1 aviation turbine fuel and lists acceptable additives for use in civil and military operated engines and aircraft. Specification D1655 was developed initially for civil applications, but has also been adopted for military aircraft. Guidance information regarding the use of Jet A and Jet A-1 in specialized applications is available in the appendix.  
1.3 This specification can be used as a standard in describing the quality of aviation turbine fuel from production to the aircraft. However, this specification does not define the quality assurance testing and procedures necessary to ensure that fuel in the distribution system continues to comply with this specification after batch certification. Such procedures are defined elsewhere, for example in ICAO 9977, EI/JIG Standard 1530, JIG 1, JIG 2, API 1543, API 1595, and ATA-103.  
1.4 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.  
1.5 Aviation turbine fuels defined by this specification may be used in other than turbine engines that are specifically designed and certified for this fuel.  
1.6 This specification no longer includes wide-cut aviation turbine fuel (Jet B). FAA has issued a Special Airworthiness Information Bulletin which now approves the use of Specification D6615 to replace Specification D1655 as the specification for Jet B and refers users to this standard for reference.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. However, other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8267-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Aromatic, Monoaromatic and Diaromatic Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels Using Gas Chromatography with Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy Detection (GC-VUV)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of class group composition of aviation turbine fuels is useful for evaluating quality and expected performance, as well as compliance with various industry specifications and governmental regulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a standard procedure for the determination of total aromatic, monoaromatic and diaromatic content in aviation turbine fuels using gas chromatography and vacuum ultraviolet detection (GC-VUV).  
1.2 Concentrations of compound classes and certain individual compounds are determined by percent mass or percent volume.  
1.2.1 This test method is developed for testing aviation turbine engine fuels having concentration test results ranging from 0.487 % to 27.876 % by volume total aromatic compounds, 0.49 % to 27.537 % by volume monoaromatics and 0.027 % to 2.523 % by volume diaromatics.
Note 1: Samples with a final boiling point greater than 300 °C that contain triaromatics and higher polyaromatic compounds are not determined by this test method.  
1.3 Individual hydrocarbon components are not reported by this test method, however, any individual component determinations are included in the appropriate summation of the total aromatic, monoaromatic or diaromatic groups.  
1.3.1 Individual compound peaks are typically not baseline-separated by the procedure described in this test method, that is, some components will coelute. The coelutions are resolved at the detector using VUV absorbance spectra and deconvolution algorithms.  
1.4 This test method has been tested for aviation turbine engine fuels including synthetic alternative jet fuels. This test method may apply to other hydrocarbon streams boiling between hexane (68 °C) and heneicosane (356 °C), but has not been extensively tested for such applications.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8276-19(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates, including Biodiesel Blends by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of the middle distillates, including the biodiesel blends is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties. The total aromatics content and polycyclic aromatics content are also important to evaluate the quality of diesel fuels/biodiesel blends. It requires an appropriate analytical method to make such determinations for diesel fuel/biodiesel blends production process and quality control.  
5.2 This test method provides a comprehensive analytical strategy for the determination of the total aromatics contents, polycyclic aromatics contents and the detail hydrocarbon composition of diesel fuel/biodiesel blends to ensure compliance with certain specifications or regulations.  
5.3 Test Method D2425 is applicable to the determination of the detailed hydrocarbon composition in middle distillates, however, the pre-separation procedure of elution chromatography is time-consuming and not eco-friendly. By combining with the separation procedures described in Test Method D8144, the dual column GC-MS system proposed in this method can determine the total aromatic hydrocarbon contents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents and detailed hydrocarbon composition of diesel fuel/biodiesel blends simultaneously. The content of FAME in biodiesel blends can also be determined by GC. It is demonstrated to be time-saving and eco-friendly for the quality control of diesel fuel and biodiesel blends.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the hydrocarbon types present in middle distillates 170 °C to 365 °C boiling range, 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86, including biodiesel blends with up to 20 % by volume of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The detailed hydrocarbon composition, total aromatic hydrocarbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents can be determined. The hydrocarbon types include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14 (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics. The content of FAME in biodiesel blends can also be determined by GC.  
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7566-24a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the manufacture of aviation turbine fuel that consists of conventional and synthetic blending components.  
1.2 See Appendix X2 for an expanded description of the procedure for the production and blending of synthetic blend components.  
1.3 This specification applies only at the point of batch origination, as follows:  
1.3.1 Aviation turbine fuel manufactured, certified, and released to all the requirements of Table 1 of this specification (D7566), meets the requirements of Specification D1655 and shall be regarded as Specification D1655 turbine fuel. Duplicate testing is not necessary; the same data may be used for both D7566 and D1655 compliance. Once the fuel is released to this specification (D7566) the unique requirements of this specification are no longer applicable: any recertification shall be done in accordance with Table 1 of Specification D1655.  
1.3.2 Any location at which blending of synthetic blending components specified in Annex A1 (FT SPK), Annex A2 (HEFA SPK), Annex A3 (SIP), Annex A4 synthesized paraffinic kerosine plus aromatics (SPK/A), Annex A5 (ATJ), Annex A6 catalytic hydrothermolysis jet (CHJ), Annex A7 (HC-HEFA SPK), or Annex A8 (ATJ-SKA) with D1655 fuel (which may on the whole or in part have originated as D7566 fuel) or with conventional blending components takes place shall be considered batch origination in which case all of the requirements of Table 1 of this specification (D7566) apply and shall be evaluated. Short form conformance test programs commonly used to ensure transportation quality are not sufficient. The fuel shall be regarded as D1655 turbine fuel after certification and release as described in 1.3.1.  
1.3.3 Once a fuel is redesignated as D1655 aviation turbine fuel, it can be handled in the same fashion as the equivalent refined D1655 aviation turbine fuel.  
1.4 This specification defines the minimum property requirements for aviation turbine fuel that contain synthesized hydrocarbons and lists acceptable additives for use in civil operated engines and aircrafts. Specification D7566 is directed at civil applications, and maintained as such, but may be adopted for military, government, or other specialized uses.  
1.5 This specification can be used as a standard in describing the quality of aviation turbine fuel from production to the aircraft. However, this specification does not define the quality assurance testing and procedures necessary to ensure that fuel in the distribution system continues to comply with this specification after batch certification. Such procedures are defined elsewhere, for example in ICAO 9977, EI/JIG Standard 1530, JIG 1, JIG 2, API 1543, API 1595, and ATA-103, and IATA Guidance Material for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Management.  
1.6 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.  
1.7 While aviation turbine fuels defined by Table 1 of this specification can be used in applications other than aviation turbine engines, requirements for such other applications have not been considered in the development of this specification.  
1.8 Synthetic blending components and blends of synthetic blending components with conventional petroleum-derived fuels in this specification have been evaluated and approved in accordance with the principles established in Practice D4054.  
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.11 This internati...

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ASTM
ASTM D5623-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Sulfur Compounds in Light Petroleum Liquids by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur Selective Detection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Gas chromatography with sulfur selective detection provides a rapid means to identify and quantify sulfur compounds in various petroleum feeds and products. Often these materials contain varying amounts and types of sulfur compounds. Many sulfur compounds are odorous, corrosive to equipment, and inhibit or destroy catalysts employed in downstream processing. The ability to speciate sulfur compounds in various petroleum liquids is useful in controlling sulfur compounds in finished products and is frequently more important than knowledge of the total sulfur content alone.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of volatile sulfur-containing compounds in light petroleum liquids. This test method is applicable to distillates, gasoline motor fuels (including those containing oxygenates) and other petroleum liquids with a final boiling point of approximately 230 °C (450 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure. The applicable concentration range will vary to some extent depending on the nature of the sample and the instrumentation used; however, in most cases, the test method is applicable to the determination of individual sulfur species at levels of 0.1 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg.  
1.2 The test method does not purport to identify all individual sulfur components. Detector response to sulfur is linear and essentially equimolar for all sulfur compounds within the scope (1.1) of this test method; thus both unidentified and known individual compounds are determined. However, many sulfur compounds, for example, hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans, are reactive and their concentration in samples may change during sampling and analysis. Coincidently, the total sulfur content of samples is estimated from the sum of the individual compounds determined; however, this test method is not the preferred method for determination of total sulfur.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D910-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines

ABSTRACT
This specification covers purchases of aviation gasoline under contract and is intended primarily for use by purchasing agencies. This specification does not include all gasoline satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines, but rather, defines the following specific types of aviation gasoline for civil use: Grade 80; Grade 91; Grade 100; and Grade 100LL. The gasoline shall adhere to octane rating requirements specified for individual grades, as follows: lean mixture knock value (motor octane number and aviation lean rating); rich mixture knock value (octane and performance number); tetraethyl lead content; color; and dye content (blue, yellow, red, and orange). Conversely, the gasoline shall meet the following requirements specified for all grades: density; distillation (initial and final boiling points, fuel evaporated, evaporated temperatures); recovery, residue, and loss volume; vapor pressure; freezing point; sulfur content; net heat of combustion; copper strip corrosion; oxidation stability (potential gum and lead precipitate); volume change during water reaction; and electrical conductivity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of aviation gasoline under contract and is intended primarily for use by purchasing agencies.  
1.2 This specification defines specific types of aviation gasolines for civil use. It does not include all gasolines satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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