ASTM A691/A691M-09(2014)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe, Electric-Fusion-Welded for High-Pressure Service at High Temperatures
Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe, Electric-Fusion-Welded for High-Pressure Service at High Temperatures
ABSTRACT
This specification covers carbon and alloy steel pipe, electric-fusion-welded with filler metal added, fabricated from pressure-vessel-quality plate of several analyses and strength levels and suitable for high-pressure service at high temperatures. Heat treatment may or may not be required to attain the desired mechanical properties. The pipes are classified according to steel grades and are designated in classes according to the type of heat treatment performed in the pipe manufacture, whether the weld is radiographically examined, and whether the pipe has been pressure tested. The steel welds shall be made either manually or automatically by an electric process involving the deposition of filler metal. The welded joints shall have positive reinforcement at the center of each side of the weld. The contour of this reinforcement shall be smooth, and the deposited metal shall be fused smoothly and uniformly into the plate surface. The joints shall undergo tension, bend and pressure tests. Unacceptable surface imperfections shall be removed by grinding or machining. The depression after grinding or machining shall be blended uniformly into the surrounding surface. Repair of weld and base metal defects shall be done by welding.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers carbon and alloy steel pipe, electric-fusion-welded with filler metal added, fabricated from pressure-vessel-quality plate of several analyses and strength levels and suitable for high-pressure service at high temperatures. Heat treatment may or may not be required to attain the desired mechanical properties or to comply with applicable code requirements. Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or examination is desired.
1.2 The specification nominally covers pipe 16 in. [400 mm] in outside diameter and larger with wall thicknesses up to 3 in. [75 mm] inclusive. Pipe having other dimensions may be furnished provided it complies with all other requirements of this specification.
1.3 Several grades and classes of pipe are provided.
1.3.1 Grade designates the type of plate used as listed in Table 1.
1.3.2 Class designates the type of heat treatment performed in the manufacture of the pipe, whether the weld is radiographically examined, and whether the pipe has been pressure tested as listed in 1.3.3.
1.3.3 Class designations are as follows (Note 1):Note 1—Selection of materials should be made with attention to temperature of service. For such guidance, Specification A20/A20M may be consulted.
1.4 Optional requirements of a supplementary nature are provided, calling for additional tests and control of repair welding, when desired.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A691/A691M −09 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Specification for
Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe, Electric-Fusion-Welded for
High-Pressure Service at High Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA691/A691M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Radiography, Pressure Test,
Class Heat Treatment on Pipe see Section see Section
1.1 This specification covers carbon and alloy steel pipe,
electric-fusion-welded with filler metal added, fabricated from 10 none none none
11 none 9 none
pressure-vessel-quality plate of several analyses and strength
12 none 98.3
levels and suitable for high-pressure service at high tempera-
13 none none 8.3
20 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 none none
tures. Heat treatment may or may not be required to attain the
21 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 9 none
desired mechanical properties or to comply with applicable
22 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 9 8.3
code requirements. Supplementary requirements are provided
23 stress relieved, see 5.3.1 none 8.3
30 normalized, see 5.3.2 none none
for use when additional testing or examination is desired.
31 normalized, see 5.3.2 9 none
1.2 The specification nominally covers pipe 16 in. [400 32 normalized, see 5.3.2 9 8.3
33 normalized, see 5.3.2 none 8.3
mm]inoutsidediameterandlargerwithwallthicknessesupto
40 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 none none
3 in. [75 mm] inclusive. Pipe having other dimensions may be
41 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 9 none
furnished provided it complies with all other requirements of 42 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 9 8.3
43 normalized and tempered, see 5.3.3 none 8.3
this specification.
50 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 none none
51 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 9 none
1.3 Several grades and classes of pipe are provided.
52 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 9 8.3
1.3.1 Grade designates the type of plate used as listed in
53 quenched and tempered, see 5.3.4 none 8.3
Table 1.
NOTE 1—Selection of materials should be made with attention to
1.3.2 Class designates the type of heat treatment performed
temperature of service. For such guidance, Specification A20/A20M may
in the manufacture of the pipe, whether the weld is radio-
be consulted.
graphically examined, and whether the pipe has been pressure
1.4 Optional requirements of a supplementary nature are
tested as listed in 1.3.3.
provided, calling for additional tests and control of repair
1.3.3 Class designations are as follows (Note 1):
welding, when desired.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
Current edition approved March 1, 2014. Published April 2014. Originally
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
ε1
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A691/A691M–09
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
DOI: 10.1520/A0691_A0691M-09R14.
standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-
cation SA-691 in Section II of that Code. designation of this specification is specified in the order.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A691/A691M−09 (2014)
TABLE 1 Plate Materials
A
ASTM Specification HB, max
Pipe Grade Type of Steel
Number Grade
CM-65 carbon-molybdenum steel A204/A204M A 201
CM-70 carbon-molybdenum steel A204/A204M B 201
CM-75 carbon-molybdenum steel A204/A204M C 201
CMSH-70 carbon-manganese-silicon steel, normalized A537/A537M 1
CMS-75 carbon-manganese-silicon steel A299/A299M . .
CMSH-80 carbon-manganese-silicon steel, quenched and tempered A537/A537M 2
1 1 1
⁄2 CR ⁄2 % chromium, ⁄2 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 2 201
1CR 1 % chromium, ⁄2 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 12 201
1 1 1
1 ⁄4 CR 1 ⁄4 % chromium, ⁄2 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 11 201
1 1
2 ⁄4 CR 2 ⁄4 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 22 201
3CR 3 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 21 201
5CR 5 % chromium, ⁄2 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 5 225
9CR 9 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum steel A387/A387M 9 241
91 9 % chromium, 1 % molybdenum, vanadium, columbium A387/A387M 91 241
A
Hardness values listed are applicable to S3.
2. Referenced Documents 4. Ordering Information
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 The inquiry and order for material under this specifica-
A20/A20MSpecificationforGeneralRequirementsforSteel
tion should include the following information:
Plates for Pressure Vessels
4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
A204/A204MSpecificationforPressureVesselPlates,Alloy
4.1.2 Name of the material (steel pipe, electric-fusion-
Steel, Molybdenum
welded),
A299/A299MSpecification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Car-
4.1.3 Specification number,
bon Steel, Manganese-Silicon
4.1.4 Grade and class designations (see 1.3),
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
4.1.5 Size (inside or outside diameter, nominal or minimum
of Steel Products
wall thickness),
A387/A387MSpecificationforPressureVesselPlates,Alloy
4.1.6 Length (specific or random),
Steel, Chromium-Molybdenum
A435/A435MSpecification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic 4.1.7 End finish,
Examination of Steel Plates
4.1.8 Purchase options, if any (see 5.2.3, 11.3, 11.4, 13.1),
A530/A530MSpecification for General Requirements for
and
Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
4.1.9 Supplementary requirements, if any (refer to S1
A537/A537MSpecificationforPressureVesselPlates,Heat-
through S12).
Treated, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel
E165Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General
5. Materials and Manufacture
Industry
5.1 Materials—The steel plate material shall conform to the
E709Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
requirements of the applicable plate specification for the pipe
2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:
grade ordered as listed in Table 1.
Section II
Section III
5.2 Welding:
Section VIII
5.2.1 The joints shall be double-welded full-penetration
Section IX
welds made in accordance with procedures and by welders or
welding operators qualified in accordance with the ASME
3. Terminology
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.2.2 The welds shall be made either manually or automati-
3.1.1 A lot shall consist of 200 ft [60 m] or fraction thereof
cally by an electric process involving the deposition of filler
of pipe from the same heat of steel.
metal.
3.1.1.1 The description of a lot may be further restricted by
5.2.3 Theweldedjointsshallhavepositivereinforcementat
use of Supplementary Requirement S12.
the center of each side of the weld, but no more than ⁄8 in. [3
mm]. This reinforcement may be removed at the manufactur-
er’s option or by agreement between the manufacturer and
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
purchaser. The contour of the reinforcement shall be smooth,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on andthedepositedmetalshallbefusedsmoothlyanduniformly
the ASTM website.
into the plate surface.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
5.2.4 When radiographic examination in accordance with
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org. 9.1 is to be used, the weld reinforcement shall be governed by
A691/A691M−09 (2014)
themorerestrictiveprovisionsofUW-51ofSectionVIIIofthe 6. General Requirements
ASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCodeinsteadof5.2.3ofthis
6.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to
specification.
the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specifi-
cation A530/A530M, unless otherwise provided herein.
5.3 Heat Treatment—All classes other than 10, 11, 12, and
13 shall be heat treated in a furnace controlled to 625 °F [15
7. Chemical Requirements
°C] and equipped with a recording pyrometer so that heating
7.1 Product Analysis of Plate—The pipe manufacturer shall
records are available. Heat treating after forming and welding
make an analysis of each mill heat of plate material. The
shall be to one of the following:
product analysis so determined shall meet the requirements of
5.3.1 Classes 20, 21, 22, and 23 pipe shall be uniformly
the plate specification to which the material was ordered.
heated within the post-weld heat-treatment temperature range
7.2 Product Analysis of Weld—The pipe manufacturer shall
indicated in Table 2 for a minimum of 1 h/in. [0.4 hr/cm] of
make an analysis of finished deposited weld metal from each
thickness or for 1 h, whichever is greater.
200 ft [60 m] or fraction thereof.Analysis shall conform to the
5.3.2 Classes 30, 31, 32, and 33 pipe shall be uniformly
welding procedure for deposited weld metal.
heated to a temperature in the austenitizing range and not
7.3 Analysis may be taken from the mechanical test speci-
exceeding the maximum normalizing temperature indicated in
mens. The results of the analyses shall be reported to the
Table 2 and subsequently cooled in air at room temperature.
purchaser.
5.3.3 Classes 40, 41, 42, and 43 pipe shall be normalized in
accordance with 5.3.2. After normalizing, the pipe shall be 7.4 Iftheanalysisofoneofthesetestsspecifiedin7.1or7.2
reheatedtothetemperingtemperatureindicatedinTable2asa does not conform to the requirements specified, analyses shall
minimum and held at temperature for a minimum of ⁄2 h/in. be made on additional pipes of double the original number
from the same lot, each of which shall conform to the
[0.2 hr/cm] of thickness or for ⁄2 h, whichever is greater, and
air cooled. requirements specified. Nonconforming pipe shall be rejected.
5.3.4 Classes 50, 51, 52, and 53 pipe shall be uniformly
8. Mechanical Requirements
heated to a temperature in the austenitizing range, and not
8.1 Tension Test:
exceeding the maximum quenching temperature indicated in
8.1.1 Requirements—Transverse tensile properties of the
Table 2 and subsequently quenched in water or oil. After
weldedjointshallmeettheminimumrequirementsforultimate
quenching, the pipe shall be reheated to the tempering tem-
tensile strength of the specified plate material.
perature indicated in Table 2 as a minimum and held at that
8.1.2 Number of Tests—One test specimen shall be made to
temperature for a minimum of ⁄2 h/in. [0.2 hr/cm] of thickness
represent each lot of finished pipe.
or for ⁄2 h, whichever is greater, and air cooled.
8.1.3 Test Specimen Location and Orientation—The test
5.4 Grade 91 shall be produced only to classes 4X and 5X.
specimenshallbemadetransversetotheweldattheendofthe
In addition, post-weld heat treatment is required after weld finished pipe and may be flattened cold before final machining
repair. to size.
A
TABLE 2 Heat Treatment Parameters
Normalizing Quenching
Post-Weld Heat-Treat Temperature, Temperature,
ASTM Tempering Temperature,
Pipe Grade Temperature Range (Stress max unless max unless
Specification min, °F (°C)
Relieving), °F (°C) otherwise noted, otherwise noted,
°F (°C) °F (°C)
CM-65 A204/A204M 1100 to 1200 [590 to 650] 1700 [925] . . . . . .
CM-70 A204/A204M 1100 to 1200 [590 to 650] 1700 [925] . . . . . .
CM-75 A204/A204M 1100 to 1200 [590 to 650] 1700 [925] . . . . . .
CMSH-70 A537/A537M 1100 to 1200 [590 to 650] 1700 [925] . . . . . .
CMS-75 A299/A299M 1100 to 1200 [590 to 650] 1700 [925] . . . . . .
B
CMSH-80 A537/A537M 1100 to 1200 [590 to 650] 1700 [925] 1100 to 1250 [590 to 675]
⁄2 CR A387/A387M 1100 to 1300 [590 to 705] 1850 [1010] 1700 [925] 1150 to 1375 [620 to 745]
1CR A387/A387M 1100 to 1350 [590 to 730] 1850 [1010] 1700 [925] 1150 to 1375 [620 to 745]
1 ⁄4 CR A387/A387M 1100 to 1375 [590 to 745] 1850 [1010] 1700 [925] 1150 to 1375 [620 to 745]
2 ⁄4 CR A387/A387M 1200 to 1400 [650 to 760] 1850 [1010] 1700 [925] 1250 to 1400 [675 to 760]
3CR A387/A387M 1200 to 1400 [650 to 760] 1850 [1010] 1700 [925] 1250 to 1400 [675 to 760]
5CR A387/A387M 1200 to 1400 [650 to 760] 1850 [1010] 1650 [900] 1300 to 1400 [705 to 760]
C
9CR A387/A387M 1325 to 1375 [715 to 745] . . . 1325 to 1375 [715 to 745]
91 A387/A387M 1350 to 1420 [730 to 770] 1900 to 2000 [1040 1900 min [1040 1350 to 1440 [730 to 780]
to 1095] min]
A
Where ellipses (.) appear in the table, there is no requirement.
B
Requires quenching and tempering.
C
9 CR steel is an air-hardenable steel, at times retaining austenite down to near atmospheric temperature. Good practice is to allow the steel to cool to 150°F or lower
before subjecting the steel to a tempering treatment or post-weld heat treatment.
A691/A691M−09 (2014)
8.1.4 Test Method—The test specimen shall be made in 10.2.3 The welding procedure and welders or welding
accordance with QW-150 in Section IX of the ASME Boiler operators are to be qualified in accordance with Section IX of
and Pressure Vessel Code. The test specimen shall be tested at the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
room temperature in accordance with Test Methods and Defi- 10.2.4 The full length of the repaired pipe shall be heat
nitions A370. treated after repair in accordance with the requirements of the
pipe class specified.
8.2 Transverse-Guided-Weld-Bend Tests:
10.2.5 Each repair weld of a defect where the cavity,
8.2.1 Requirements—The bend test shall be acceptable if no
preparedforwelding,hasadepthexceedingthelesserof ⁄8in.
cracksorotherdefectsexceeding ⁄8in.[3mm]inanydirection
[10 mm] or 10% of the nominal thickness shall be examined
be present in the weld metal or between the weld and the pipe
by radiography in accordance with the methods and the
metal after bending. Cracks that originate along the edges of
acceptance standards of Section 9.
the specimens during testing, and that are less than ⁄4 in. [6
10.2.6 The repair surface shall be blended uniformly into
mm] in any direction shall not be considered.
thesurroundingbasemetalsurfaceandexaminedandaccepted
8.2.2 Number of Tests—One test (two specimens) shall be
in accordance with Supplementary Requirements S6 or S8.
made to represent each lot of finis
...
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