ASTM E1117-97(2006)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Design of Fuel-Alcohol Manufacturing Facilities (Withdrawn 2009)
Standard Practice for Design of Fuel-Alcohol Manufacturing Facilities (Withdrawn 2009)
SCOPE
1.1 This practice shall apply to all fuel alcohol manufacturing facilities (FAMF) as defined in Terminology E 1705. This specification is primarily intended for, but not exclusively limited to fermentation ethanol processes.
1.2 This practice applies to both batch and continuous FAMF systems. Since a wide variety of equipment configurations can exist, this engineering practice will describe the necessary general requirements common to all FAMF facilities.
1.3 This practice is to be used in conjunction with applicable local, state, and Federal codes for designing, constructing, and operating FAMF facilities.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use . For hazard statement, see Section 11.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice shall apply to all fuel alcohol manufacturing facilities (FAMF) as defined in Terminology E 1705. This specification is primarily intended for, but not exclusively limited to fermentation ethanol processes.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E48 on Biotechnology, this practice was withdrawn in September 2009. During the working group discussions, there was no interest identified in updating this practice.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:E1117–97 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Practice for
Design of Fuel-Alcohol Manufacturing Facilities
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope BureauofAlcohol,Tax,andFirearms(BATF),Part19, Title
27, Chapter 1
1.1 This practice shall apply to all fuel alcohol manufactur-
2.5 NFPA Standard:
ing facilities (FAMF) as defined in Terminology E 1705. This
85A Prevention of Furnace Explosions in Fuel Oil and
specification is primarily intended for, but not exclusively
Natural Gas-Fired Single Burner Boiler-Furnaces
limited to fermentation ethanol processes.
1.2 This practice applies to both batch and continuous
3. Terminology
FAMF systems. Since a wide variety of equipment configura-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tions can exist, this engineering practice will describe the
3.1.1 accessible, n—permitting close approach or contact
necessary general requirements common to all FAMF facili-
that could include requiring removal or opening of an access
ties.
panel or door.
1.3 This practice is to be used in conjunction with appli-
3.1.2 durability, n—the quality of a component to perform
cable local, state, and Federal codes for designing, construct-
as designed for its design life.
ing, and operating FAMF facilities.
3.1.3 extreme weather conditions, n—environmental condi-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
tions that have occurred only once during the past 30 years.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.4 good engineering practices, n—include design prac-
only.
tices and criteria accepted in professional societies (ASTM,
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
AIChE, ASME, ACS, etc.), proved by experience, verified by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
actual data, etc., that will meet the process, safety, and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
environmental requirements of the system.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.5 normal operating conditions, n—the usual range of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard state-
physical operating conditions (flow, pressure, temperature,
ment, see Section 11.
etc.) for component or system.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.6 normal weather conditions, n—the range of environ-
mental conditions in a local climatic region that occurred
2.1 ASTM Standards:
during the past 30 years.This excludes extreme conditions that
E 1705 Terminology Relating to Biotechnology
have occurred only once during that period.
2.2 ANSI Standard:
Z21.22 Relief Valves and Automatic Shut-Off Devices for
4. Summary of Practice
Hot Water Supply Systems
4.1 The following procedures described provide minimum
2.3 ASME Standard:
4 practices to be used in designing, constructing, operating, and
Boiler Construction Codes, Sections I, IV, VII, and VIII
modifying fuel alcohol manufacturing facilities. These prac-
2.4 Code of Federal Regulations Standard:
tices are to provide guidelines that incorporate good engineer-
ing practices for personnel and organizations engaged in these
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on Biotech-
FAMF activities.
nology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E48.05 on Biomass
4.2 Theseminimumpracticesaresummarizedinthefollow-
Conversion Systems.
ing general categories of equipment as applicable:
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2006. Published February 2006. Originally
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as E 1117 – 97.
4.2.1 Vessels and Towers—Cookers, fermenters, distillation
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
stills, tanks, etc. (see Section 6).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 5
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Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
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E1117–97 (2006)
4.2.2 Heat-Exchange Equipment—Exchangers, condensers, 6.4 All pressure vessels shall be designed and fabricated in
etc. (see Section 7). accordance with ASME Sections I, IV, VII, or VIII of the
ASME Boiler Construction Code as appropriate.
4.2.3 Rotating Equipment—Pumps, blowers, compressors,
fans, centrifuges, etc. (see Section 8). 6.5 The vessel design shall include adequate vapor disen-
4.2.4 Electrical—Motors, motor controls, etc. (see Section gaging surface to accommodate foaming, liquid level varia-
9). tions, changes in feedstock, and other operating considerations
4.2.5 Instruments, Controls—Sensing and controlling de- as specified in the FAMF design basis.
vices, computers, processors, etc. (see Section 10).
4.2.6 Safety—Pressurereliefdevices,equipmentallowances 7. Heat Exchangers
for corrosion, pressure and temperature, personnel safety, etc.
7.1 Good engineering practices shall be used to design all
(see Section 11).
heat exchangers with adequate heat transfer surface based on
4.2.7 Environmental—Solids, water, and air emissions (see
the anticipated temperatures and heat transfer coefficients
Section 12).
based on realistic fouling factors.
4.2.8 Utilities—Boilers, power distribution, fresh water, air,
7.2 All heat exchangers for slurry streams (such as mash)
etc. (see Section 13).
shallbedesignedtoreducepluggingproblemscausedbysolids
4.2.9 Piping—Pipe, valves, insulation, etc. (see Section 14).
settling out of the slurry. Avoid low slurry velocities where
4.2.10 Quality Control—FAMF equipment performance,
solids will separate from the slurry, constrictions that can trap
production quality assurance, etc. (see Section 16).
solids, process conditions that can“ centrifuge” solids from the
4.2.11 Other Guidelines—Special equipment, stillage dry-
slurry and cause plugging, and other potential slurry handling
ers, molecular-sieve dryers, etc. (see Section 15).
problems.
7.3 Mechanical design of the heat exchangers should com-
NOTE 1—Practices and guidelines for the design of FAMF systems are
ply with applicable ASME and local, state, or Federal codes.
described in Sections 6-16. Some categories, such as safety and environ-
mental, contain practices that are common to specific equipment catego-
ries and are not repeated in the safety or environmental categories.
8. Rotating Equipment
8.1 All pumps, blowers, compressors, fans, centrifuges, etc.
5. Significance and Use
shall have appropriate shaft sealing devices to avoid or
5.1 These practices and guidelines are intended to be used
minimize leakage of process fluids.
by engineers, designers, constructors, and operators who may
8.2 Special design considerations to avoid pump plugging
have responsibilities for design, fabrication, modification, and
problems and process upsets shall be included in pumping
equipment improvement for mass-produced FAMF systems.
slurriesorprocessstreamsthatcouldcontainsolidsunderupset
5.2 Thispracticeprovidesminimumguidelinestobeusedin
conditions causing water pollution.
protecting public safety and enhancing equipment reliability
8.3 Personnel protection shall be provided around exposed
for the intended life of the facility.
drive shafts, pulleys, drive belts, gears, etc., by properly
5.3 The objective of these practices and guidelines are to
designed belt guards and other protective devices.
identify the overall design, manufacturing, and modification
8.4 Positive displacement pumps shall have suitable pres-
considerations for the FAMF systems. This practice is not
sure relief vents installed in the pipeline immediately after the
intended to list all the practices to be used with every type of
pump.
process since there are many different types of designs and
equipment. The application of the following guidelines are the
9. Electrical
responsibility of the appropriate designer, manufacturer, etc.
9.1 The selection of motors and motor controls, conduits,
enclosures, etc. shall conform to hazard classifications as
6. Vessels and Towers Design
specified by insurance companies, local, state, or National
6.1 The design pressure and temperature for all vessels and
Electrical Codes as appropriate. Explosion-proof electrical
towers shall be established for the maximum conditions that
Class J, Group C or D shall be considered in the design of
can be expected in the system under such abnormal operating
FAMF equipment where the explosive hazard of alcohol
conditions, as improperly closed valves, control valve failures,
vapors exists or where required by local code. See Section 11
fire, and cooling water failure. Safety valves shall be provided
for additional details.
to relieve overpressure (see Section 11).After construction, the
vessels shall be tested where possible to withstand the design
10. Instruments and Controls
conditions prior to routine operation.
6.2 All appropriate components of a distillation column, 10.1 Sensing and detection instruments (temperature, pres-
sure, flows, etc.) shall be located at the effective position for
such as glass viewing windows and sight glasses, shall be
designed to withstand the distillation column design pressure accurate measurements. Follow the manufacturer’s recommen-
dations for proper installations.
and temperature.
6.3 Fermentation, cooking, yeast, and other storage vessels 10.2 Controls, sensors, valves, dampers, and other instru-
used in the biologically active system shall be designed for ments shall be identified cle
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