ASTM C370-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Moisture Expansion of Fired Whiteware Products
Standard Test Method for Moisture Expansion of Fired Whiteware Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides means to determine increases in physical dimension of fired whiteware materials which develop from the reaction of water and water vapor at elevated pressures and temperatures. These reactions can occur in time at normal atmospheric pressures and temperatures; changes in physical dimensions from water can influence the integrity and stability of an installation. In the case of glazed ware, moisture expansion can lead to crazing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the elongation of whiteware bodies caused by rehydration as a result of autoclave treatment.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C370 − 12
StandardTest Method for
1
Moisture Expansion of Fired Whiteware Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Test Specimen
4.1 The specimens shall be unglazed, rod-like in shape,
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the elon-
about 3 to 4 in. (76 to 102 mm) long, and preferably cut from
gationofwhitewarebodiescausedbyrehydrationasaresultof
the center of production pieces of ware. The greatest thickness
autoclave treatment.
shallnotexceed0.75in.(19mm),andtheleastdimensionshall
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
be not less than 0.10 in. (2.5 mm).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4.2 The specimens shall be cut to size and measured
immediately after coming from the kiln or shall be stored in a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. desiccator until they can be cut and measured.
4.3 The ends of the specimens shall be cut perpendicular to
2. Significance and Use
the length and parallel to each other. They then shall be
smoothed with emery cloth and, finally, with jeweler’s rouge.
2.1 This test method provides means to determine increases
in physical dimension of fired whiteware materials which
4.4 At least five specimens shall be tested.
develop from the reaction of water and water vapor at elevated
pressures and temperatures. These reactions can occur in time
5. Procedure
at normal atmospheric pressures and temperatures; changes in
5.1 Markthespecimensforidentificationandmeasurethem
physical dimensions from water can influence the integrity and
with the micrometer or the dial indicator to the nearest 0.0001
stability of an installation. In the case of glazed ware, moisture
in. (0.003 mm). Apply a reference mark to the specimens for
expansion can lead to crazing.
orientation in the measuring fixture.
3. Apparatus
5.2 Locate the specimens above the water in the autoclave
and subject them to 150-psi (1-MPa) steam pressure for 5 h.
3.1 Autoclave, that can safely be operated at 150 psi (1
Maximumpressureshallbereachedinnotlessthan45minnor
MPa), and that has sufficient capacity to contain at least five
more than 1 h.After the 5-h treatment, immediately release the
specimens. The apparatus shall be equipped with a safety
steam pressure by opening the blow-off valve.
valve, a pressure gage accurate within 2 % of the scale range,
and a source of heat of sufficient capacity to ensure a constant 5.3 After removal from the autoclave, dry the specimens to
steam pressure within the autoclave. constantweightatatemperaturenotexceeding110°Candcool
them to room temperature.
3.2 Micrometer, at least 3 to 4 in. (76 to 102 mm), reading
5.4 Measure the dry specimens to the nearest 0.0001 in.
to 0.0001 in. (0.003 mm), or a dial indicator graduat
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C370–88(Reapproved 2012) Designation:C370–12
Standard Test Method for
1
Moisture Expansion of Fired Whiteware Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the elongation of whiteware bodies caused by rehydration as a result of
autoclave treatment.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 This test method provides means to determine increases in physical dimension of fired whiteware materials which develop
from the reaction of water and water vapor at elevated pressures and temperatures. These reactions can occur in time at normal
atmospheric pressures and temperatures; changes in physical dimensions from water can influence the integrity and stability of an
installation. In the case of glazed ware, moisture expansion can lead to crazing.
3. Apparatus
3.1 Autoclave, that can safely be operated at 150 psi (1 MPa), and that has sufficient capacity to contain at least five specimens.
The apparatus shall be equipped with a safety valve, a pressure gage accurate within 2 % of the scale range, and a source of heat
of sufficient capacity to ensure a constant steam pressure within the autoclave.
3.2 Micrometer, at least 3 to 4 in. (76 to 102 mm), reading to 0.0001 in. (0.003 mm), or a dial indicator graduated in 0.0001-in.
increments.
3.3 Fixture, for mounting the micrometer or dial indicator and for holding the specimen in such a manner that reproducible
results can be obtained. A fused silica reference shall be used to calibrate the fixture before each measurement.
4. Test Specimen
4.1 Thespecimensshallbeunglazed,rod-likeinshape,about3to4in.(76to102mm)long,andpreferablycutfromthecenter
of production pieces of ware. The greatest thickness shall not exceed 0.75 in. (19 mm), and the least dimension shall be not less
than 0.10 in. (2.5 mm).
4.2 The specimens shall be cut to size and measured immediately after coming from the kiln or shall be stored in a desiccator
until they can be cut and measured.
4.3 The ends of the specimens shall be cut perpendicular to the length and parallel to each other. They then shall be smoothed
with emery cloth and, finally, with jeweler’s rouge.
4.4 At least five specimens shall be tested.
5. Procedure
5.1 Mark the specimens for identification and measure them with the micrometer or the dial indicator to the nearest 0.0001 in.
(0.003 mm). Apply a reference mark to the specimens for orientation in the measuring fixture.
5.2 Locate the specimens above the water in the autoclave and subject them to 150-psi (1-MPa) steam pressure for 5 h.
Maximum pressure shall be reached
...
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