ASTM D7223-11(2015)

Standard Specification for Aviation Certification Turbine Fuel

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine fuel under contract.  
1.2 This specification defines one specific type of aviation turbine fuel for civil use in the certification of aircraft. The specification can be used as a standard in describing the quality of this aviation fuel from the refinery to the aircraft.  
1.3 This specification does not include the fuels that are commonly used in aviation turbine engines. Those are listed in Specification D1655.  
1.4 The aviation turbine fuel defined by this specification may be used in other than turbine engines that are specifically designed and certified for this fuel.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—Units of pressure are also given in psi.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2015
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.J0 - Aviation Fuels

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D7223-11 - Standard Specification for Aviation Certification Turbine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015
• Replaced By: ASTM D7223-16 - Standard Specification for Aviation Certification Turbine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D4529-17 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7223 −11(Reapproved 2015) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Aviation Certification Turbine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7223; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp
Method)
1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agencies
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
fuel under contract.
ucts by Hydrometer Method
1.2 This specification defines one specific type of aviation
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-
turbine fuel for civil use in the certification of aircraft. The
leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
specificationcanbeusedasastandardindescribingthequality
D1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosine and
of this aviation fuel from the refinery to the aircraft.
Aviation Turbine Fuel
1.3 This specification does not include the fuels that are D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
commonly used in aviation turbine engines. Those are listed in
D1840 Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons inAvia-
Specification D1655. tion Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
1.4 The aviation turbine fuel defined by this specification
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
may be used in other than turbine engines that are specifically
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
designed and certified for this fuel.
D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity ofAviation
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
and Distillate Fuels
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
standard.
troleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
1.5.1 Exception—Units of pressure are also given in psi.
D3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in
Gasoline, Kerosine,Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels
2. Referenced Documents
(Potentiometric Method)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
Aviation Turbine Fuels
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
D3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel
Atmospheric Pressure
D3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
tion of Aviation Fuels
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
Cup Tester
ration
D3948 TestMethodforDeterminingWaterSeparationChar-
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
acteristicsofAviationTurbineFuelsbyPortableSeparom-
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
eter
ity)
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Petroleum Products
Subcommittee D02.J0 on Aviation Fuels.
D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published May 2015. Originally
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7223 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/D7223-11R15.
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
trometry
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7223−11 (2015)
D4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus- 5.2 Additives—May be added to this aviation turbine fuel in
tion of Aviation Fuels the amount and of the composition specified in the following
list of approved material:
D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
5.2.1 Antioxidants—In amounts not to exceed 24.0 mg⁄L
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision
active ingredients (not including mass of solvent):
Method)
5.2.1.1 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol.
D4952 Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active
5.2.1.2 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl phenol.
Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)
5.2.1.3 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl phenol.
D5001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Avia-
5.2.1.4 75 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol, plus
tion Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity
25 % maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary-butyl phenols.
Evaluator (BOCLE)
5.2.1.5 55 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl
D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing
phenol, plus 15 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl
Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
phenol, remainder as monomethyl and dimethyl tertiary-butyl
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
phenols.
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
5.2.1.6 72 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
phenol, 28 % maximum monomethyl and dimethyl-tertiary-
D5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
butyl phenols.
(Automatic Phase Transition Method)
5.2.2 Metal Deactivator Additive (MDA), in amount not to
D6378 Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure
exceed 2.0 mg⁄L(not including mass of solvent) on initial fuel
(VP ) of Petroleum Products, Hydrocarbons, and
X
manufacture at the refinery. Higher initial concentrations are
Hydrocarbon-Oxygenate Mixtures (Triple Expansion
permitted in circumstances where copper contamination is
Method)
suspected to occur during distribution. Cumulative concentra-
D6469 GuideforMicrobialContaminationinFuelsandFuel
tion of MDA when retreating the fuel shall not exceed
Systems
5.7 mg⁄L:
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
5.2.2.1 N,N-disalicylidene-1,2-propane diamine.
Determine Conformance with Specifications 4
5.2.3 Electrical Conductivity Additive—Stadis 450 not to
exceed 3 mg⁄L.
3. General
5.2.3.1 When loss of fuel conductivity necessitates retreat-
ment with electrical conductivity additive, the following con-
3.1 Thisspecification,unlessotherwiseprovided,prescribes
centration limits apply:
the required properties of aviation certification turbine fuel at
At Manufacture:
the time and place of delivery.
Stadis 450 3 mg ⁄L, max
Retreatment:
4. Classification Stadis 450 cumulative total 5 mg ⁄L, max
5.2.4 Leak Detection Additive—Tracer A (LDTA-A) may
4.1 Onetypeofaviationturbinefuelisprovided,asfollows:
be added to the fuel in amounts not to exceed 1 mg⁄kg.
4.1.1 Jet C-1—A relatively wide boiling range volatile
5.2.5 Other additives are permitted. These include fuel
distillate.
system icing inhibitor and special purpose additives such as
biocides.The quantities and types must be declared by the fuel
5. Materials and Manufacture
supplier and agreed to by the purchaser. Only additives
approved by the aircraft certifying authority are permitted in
5.1 Aviation turbine fuel, except as otherwise specified in
the fuel on which an aircraft is operated.
this specification, shall consist of blends of refined hydrocar-
5.2.5.1 Biocidaladditivesareavailableforcontrolledusage.
bons (see Note 1) derived from conventional sources including
Where such an additive is used in the fuel, the approval status
crude oil, natural gas liquid condensates, heavy oil, shale oil,
of the additive and associated conditions must be checked for
and oil sands. The use of jet fuel blends, containing compo-
the specific aircraft and engines to be operated.
nents from other sources, is permitted only on a specific,
5.2.5.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor:
individualbasis(seeAnnexA1onfuelsfromnon-conventional
(1) Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (DIEGME), con-
sources in Specification D1655).
forming to the requirements of Specification D4171, Type III,
NOTE 1—Conventionally refined jet fuel contains trace levels of maybeusedinconcentrationsof0.10 %to0.15%byvolume.
materials which are not hydrocarbons, including oxygenates,
(2) Test Method D5006 may be used to determine the
organosulfur, and nitrogeneous compounds.
concentration of DIEGME in aviation fuels.
5.1.1 Fuels used in engines and aircraft are ultimately
approved by the certifying authority subsequent to formal
Supporting data (Guidelines for Approval or Disapproval of Additives) have
submission of evidence to the authority as part of the type
been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting
Research Report RR:D02-1125.
certification program for that aircraft and engine model.
Stadis 450 is a registered trademark marketed by Innospec Inc., Innospec
Additives to be used as supplements to an approved fuel must
Manufacturing Park, Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, CH65 4EY, UK.
also be similarly approved on an individual basis (see Speci- 5
Tracer A (LDTA-A) is a registered trademark of Tracer Research Corp., 3755
fication D1655). N. Business Center Dr., Tucson, AZ 85705.
D7223−11 (2015)
5.3 Guidance material is presented in Appendix X3 of resultmayberoundedtothesamenumberofsignificantfigures
Specification D1655 concerning the need to control processing as in Table 1 using Practice E29. Where multiple determina-
additives in jet fuel production. tions are made, the average result, rounded according to
Practice E29, shall be used.
6. Detailed Requirements
6.3 If any additives are used, the aviation turbine fuel shall
6.1 The aviation turbine fuel shall conform to the require-
conform to the Table 2 listed requirements.
ments prescribed in Table 1.
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
6.2 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be less
than the minimum values specified in Table 1. No allowance 7.1 The aviation turbine fuel herein specified shall be
shall be made for the precision of the test methods. To visually free of undissolved water, sediment, and suspended
determine conformance to the specification requirement, a test matter.Theodorofthefuelshallnotbenauseatingorirritating.
A
TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements of Aviation Certification Turbine Fuel
B
Property Jet C-1 ASTM Test Method
Acidity, total mg KOH/g max 0.10 D3242
Vol fraction of aromatics, cL/L min/max 8 to 25 D1319
C
Mass fraction of mercaptan sulfur, cg/g max 0.003 D3227
Mass fraction of total sulfur, cg/g max 0.30 D1266, D2622, D4294 or
D5453
Distillation temperature, °C (°F):
D
Initial boiling point, temperature min/max 70/100 (158/212) D2887, D86
D
5 % recovered, temperature min/max 80/110 (176/230) D2887, D86
D
10 % recovered, temperature min/max 90/120 (194/248) D2887, D86
D
20 % recovered, temperature min/max 105/140 (221/284) D2887, D86
D
50 % recovered, temperature min/max 150/195 (302/383) D2887, D86
D
90 % recovered, temperature min/max 215/255 (419/491) D2887, D86
D
Final boiling point, temperature min/max 240/290 (464/554) D2887, D86
Flash Point, °C (°F) report D56, D3828
Density at 15 °C, kg/m 750 to 840 D1298, D4052
E
Vapor pressure
F
at 25 °C, kPa (psi) report 3.0 (0.44) to 5.5 (0.80) D6378
F
at 38 °C, kPa (psi) report 5.6 (0.8) to 8.2 (1.2) D6378
F
at 50 °C, kPa (psi) min/max 10.0 (1.45) to 12.5 (1.82) D6378
F
at 100 °C, kPa (psi) report 56 (8.1) to 60 (8.7) D6378
G
Freezing point, °C max -35 D2386, D5972
2 H
Viscosity at –20 °C, mm /s max 8.0 D445
I
Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg min 42.8 D4529, D3338,or D4809
One of the following requirements shall be met:
(1) Smoke point, mm, or min 25 D1322
(2) Smoke point, mm, and min 18 D1322
Naphthalenes, vol, % max 3.0 D1840
Copper strip, 2 h at 100 °C max No. 1 D130
Thermal stability:
(2.5 h at control temperature of 260 °C min):
J
Filter pressure drop, mm Hg max 25 D3241
Tube deposit less than 3 D3241
No Peacock or Abnormal Color Deposits
Existent gum, mg/100 mL max 7 D381
K
Microseparometer, Rating max 1b D3948
Without electrical conductivity additive min 85
With electrical conductivity additive min 70
L L
Lubricity – BOCLE WSD, mm max 0.85 D5001
Additives: see 5.2
Electrical conductivity, pS/m required 50 to 600 D2624
Other optional
A
For compliance of test results against the requirements of Table 1, see 6.2.
B
The test methods indicated in this table are referred to in Section 10.
C
The mercaptan sulfur determination may be waived if the fuel is considered sweet by the doctor test described in Test Method D4952.
D
If Test Method D2887 is used, use correlation procedure (Appendix X5) in Test Method D2887 to convert D2887 temperatures to D86 equivalent temperatures. Both
minimums and maximums shall be met.
E
Absolute vapor pressure (VPx) is the primary property to be controlled; 2,2 dimethylbutane and toluene, as cited in Section 11 and Note 14 ofTest Method D6378 – 08,
shall be used as verification fluids. 1.0 kPa = 0.145 psi.
F
Latest version. Record absolute vapor pressure (VPx).
G
Test Method D5972 may produce a higher (warmer) result than that from Test Method D2386. In case of dispute, Test Method D2386 shall be the referee method.
H 2
1mm /s=1cSt.
I
UseeitherEq1orTable 1inTestMethodD4529orEq2inTestMethodD3338.TestMethodD4809maybeusedasanalternative.Incaseofdispute,TestMethodD4809
shall be used.
J
Tube deposits shall always be reported by the Visual Method.
K
At point of manufacture.
L
Lubricity test can be waved with purchaser’s agreement.
D7223−11 (2015)
TABLE 2 Detailed Information for Additives for Aviation Turbine Fuels
Fuel Performance Enhancing Additive Dosage
A,B C
Antioxidants 24.0 mg ⁄L max
One of the following:
2,6 ditertiary-butyl phenol
2,6 ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl phenol
2,4 dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl-phenol
75 % minimum, 2,6 ditertiary-butyl phenol plus
25 % maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary butyl-phenols
55 % minimum 2,4 dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl phenol plus
15 % minimum 2,6 ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl phenol,
remainder as monomethyl and dimethyl tertiary-butyl phenols
72 % minimum 2,4 dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl phenol plus
28 % maximum m
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7223 − 11 D7223 − 11 (Reapproved 2015) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Aviation Certification Turbine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7223; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine fuel
under contract.
1.2 This specification defines one specific type of aviation turbine fuel for civil use in the certification of aircraft. The
specification can be used as a standard in describing the quality of this aviation fuel from the refinery to the aircraft.
1.3 This specification does not include the fuels that are commonly used in aviation turbine engines. Those are listed in
Specification D1655.
1.4 The aviation turbine fuel defined by this specification may be used in other than turbine engines that are specifically
designed and certified for this fuel.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5.1 Exception—Units of pressure are also given in psi.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosine and Aviation Turbine Fuel
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
D1840 Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
D3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels (Potentiometric
Method)
D3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels
D3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel
D3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester
D3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.J0 on Aviation Fuels.
Current edition approved July 15, 2011April 1, 2015. Published August 2011May 2015. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20102011 as
D7223D7223 – 11.–10. DOI: 10.1520/D7223-11.10.1520/D7223-11R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7223 − 11 (2015)
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)
D4952 Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)
D5001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator
(BOCLE)
D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,
and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Phase Transition Method)
D6378 Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure (VP ) of Petroleum Products, Hydrocarbons, and Hydrocarbon-
X
Oxygenate Mixtures (Triple Expansion Method)
D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
3. General
3.1 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of aviation certification turbine fuel at the
time and place of delivery.
4. Classification
4.1 One type of aviation turbine fuel is provided, as follows:
4.1.1 Jet C-1—A relatively wide boiling range volatile distillate.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Aviation turbine fuel, except as otherwise specified in this specification, shall consist of blends of refined hydrocarbons (see
Note 1) derived from conventional sources including crude oil, natural gas liquid condensates, heavy oil, shale oil, and oil sands.
The use of jet fuel blends, containing components from other sources, is permitted only on a specific, individual basis (see Annex
A1 on fuels from non-conventional sources in Specification D1655).
NOTE 1—Conventionally refined jet fuel contains trace levels of materials which are not hydrocarbons, including oxygenates, organosulfur, and
nitrogeneous compounds.
5.1.1 Fuels used in engines and aircraft are ultimately approved by the certifying authority subsequent to formal submission of
evidence to the authority as part of the type certification program for that aircraft and engine model. Additives to be used as
supplements to an approved fuel must also be similarly approved on an individual basis (see Specification D1655).
5.2 Additives—May be added to this aviation turbine fuel in the amount and of the composition specified in the following list
of approved material:
5.2.1 Antioxidants—In amounts not to exceed 24.024.0 mg ⁄ mg/L L active ingredients (not including weightmass of solvent):
5.2.1.1 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol.
5.2.1.2 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl phenol.
5.2.1.3 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl phenol.
5.2.1.4 75 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol, plus 25 % maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary-butyl phenols.
5.2.1.5 55 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl phenol, plus 15 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl phenol,
remainder as monomethyl and dimethyl tertiary-butyl phenols.
5.2.1.6 72 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl phenol, 28 % maximum monomethyl and dimethyl-tertiary-butyl phenols.
5.2.2 Metal Deactivator Additive (MDA), in amount not to exceed 2.02.0 mg ⁄ mg/L L (not including weightmass of solvent)
on initial fuel manufacture at the refinery. Higher initial concentrations are permitted in circumstances where copper contamination
is suspected to occur during distribution. Cumulative concentration of MDA when retreating the fuel shall not exceed 5.7 mg ⁄L:
5.2.2.1 N,N-disalicylidene-1,2-propane diamine.
5.2.3 Electrical Conductivity Additive—Stadis 450 not to exceed 3 3 mg mg/L.⁄L.
Supporting data (Guidelines for Approval or Disapproval of Additives) have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research
Report RR:D02-1125.
Stadis 450 is a registered trademark marketed by Innospec Inc., Innospec Manufacturing Park, Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, CH65 4EY, UK.
D7223 − 11 (2015)
5.2.3.1 When loss of fuel conductivity necessitates retreatment with electrical conductivity additive, the following concentration
limits apply:
At Manufacture:
Stadis 450 3 mg/L, max
Stadis 450 3 mg ⁄ L, max
Retreatment:
Stadis 450 cumulative total 5 mg/L, max
Stadis 450 cumulative total 5 mg ⁄ L, max
5.2.4 Leak Detection Additive—Tracer A (LDTA-A) may be added to the fuel in amounts not to exceed 1 1 mg mg/kg.⁄kg.
5.2.5 Other additives are permitted. These include fuel system icing inhibitor and special purpose additives such as biocides.
The quantities and types must be declared by the fuel supplier and agreed to by the purchaser. Only additives approved by the
aircraft certifying authority are permitted in the fuel on which an aircraft is operated.
5.2.5.1 Biocidal additives are available for controlled usage. Where such an additive is used in the fuel, the approval status of
the additive and associated conditions must be checked for the specific aircraft and engines to be operated.
5.2.5.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor:
(1) Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (DIEGME), conforming to the requirements of Specification D4171, Type III, may
be used in concentrations of 0.10 0.10 % to 0.15 volume %.% by volume.
(2) Test Method D5006 may be used to determine the concentration of DIEGME in aviation fuels.
5.3 Guidance material is presented in Appendix X3 of Specification D1655 concerning the need to control processing additives
in jet fuel production.
6. Detailed Requirements
6.1 The aviation turbine fuel shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.
6.2 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be less than the minimum values specified in Table 1. No allowance shall be
made for the precision of the test methods. To determine conformance to the specification requirement, a test result may be rounded
to the same number of significant figures as in Table 1 using Practice E29. Where multiple determinations are made, the average
result, rounded according to Practice E29, shall be used.
6.3 If any additives are used, the aviation turbine fuel shall conform to the Table 2 listed requirements.
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
7.1 The aviation turbine fuel herein specified shall be visually free of undissolved water, sediment, and suspended matter. The
odor of the fuel shall not be nauseating or irritating. No substance of known dangerous toxicity under usual conditions of handling
and use shall be present, except as permitted in this specification.
8. Sampling
8.1 Because of the importance of proper sampling procedures in establishing fuel quality, use the appropriate procedures in
Practice D4057 to obtain a representative sample from the batch of fuel for specification compliance testing. This requirement is
met by producing fuel as a discrete batch then testing it for specification compliance. This requirement is not satisfied by averaging
online analysis results.
8.2 A number of jet fuel properties including thermal stability, water separation, electrical conductivity, and others are very
sensitive to trace contamination that can originate from sample containers. For recommended sample containers refer to Practice
D4306.
9. Report
9.1 The type and number of reports to ensure conformance with the requirements of this specification shall be mutually agreed
upon by the seller and the purchaser of the aviation turbine fuel.
9.2 A suggested form for reporting inspection data on aviation turbine fuel is given in Specification D1655.
10. Test Methods
10.1 Determine the requirements enumerated in this specification in accordance with the following ASTM test methods.
10.1.1 Density—Test Method D1298 or D4052. Test Method D4052 shall be the referee test method.
10.1.2 Distillation—Test Method D86 or D2887 with the conversion to D86 temperatures given in correlation procedure
(Appendix X5) in Test Method D2887.
10.1.3 Vapor Pressure—Test Method D6378. Record absolute vapor pressure (VPx).
10.1.4 Flash Point—Test Method D56 or D3828. Test Method D3828 shall be the referee test method.
Tracer A (LDTA-A) is a registered trademark of Tracer Research Corp., 3755 N. Business Center Dr., Tucson, AZ 85705.
D7223 − 11 (2015)
A
TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements of Aviation Certification Turbine Fuel
B
Property Jet C-1 ASTM Test Method
Acidity, total mg KOH/g max 0.10 D3242
Aromatics, vol % min/max 8 to 25 D1319
Vol fraction of aromatics, cL/L min/max 8 to 25 D1319
C
Sulfur, mercaptan , weight % max 0.003 D3227
C
Mass fraction of mercaptan sulfur, cg/g max 0.003 D3227
Sulfur, total weight % max 0.30 D1266, D2622, D4294 or
D5453
Mass fraction of total sulfur, cg/g max 0.30 D1266, D2622, D4294 or
D5453
Distillation temperature, °C (°F):
D
Initial boiling point, temperature min/max 70/100 (158/212) D2887, D86
D
5 % recovered, temperature min/max 80/110 (176/230) D2887, D86
D
10 % recovered, temperature min/max 90/120 (194/248) D2887, D86
D
20 % recovered, temperature min/max 105/140 (221/284) D2887, D86
D
50 % recovered, temperature min/max 150/195 (302/383) D2887, D86
D
90 % recovered, temperature min/max 215/255 (419/491) D2887, D86
D
Final boiling point, temperature min/max 240/290 (464/554) D2887, D86
Flash Point, °C (°F) report D56, D3828
Density at 15°C, kg/m 750 to 840 D1298, D4052
Density at 15 °C, kg/m 750 to 840 D1298, D4052
E
Vapor pressure
F
at 25°C, kPa (psi) report 3.0 (0.44) to 5.5 (0.80) D6378
F
at 25 °C, kPa (psi) report 3.0 (0.44) to 5.5 (0.80) D6378
F
at 38°C, kPa (psi) report 5.6 (0.8) to 8.2 (1.2) D6378
F
at 38 °C, kPa (psi) report 5.6 (0.8) to 8.2 (1.2) D6378
F
at 50°C, kPa (psi) min/max 10.0 (1.45) to 12.5 (1.82) D6378
F
at 50 °C, kPa (psi) min/max 10.0 (1.45) to 12.5 (1.82) D6378
F
at 100°C, kPa (psi) report 56 (8.1) to 60 (8.7)
...