ASTM D4451-02(2014)

Standard Test Method for Pigment Content of Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the pigment content of paints and several traffic marking materials (thermoplastic and preformed tape) by low-temperature furnace ashing. Some organic pigments may be lost by this method and some water or moisture contained in pigments will be lost.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2014
• ICS: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4451 − 02 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
1
Pigment Content of Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4451; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.3 Porcelain Dishes, 90-mm diameter.
1.1 This test method covers the pigment content of paints
4.4 Plastic Disposable Syringe, 10-mL capacity.
and several traffic marking materials (thermoplastic and pre-
4.5 Burner, meker type.
formedtape)bylow-temperaturefurnaceashing.Someorganic
pigments may be lost by this method and some water or
5. Reagents
moisture contained in pigments will be lost.
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
standard.
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
4
where such specifications are available.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.2 Toluene.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6. Procedure
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6.1 Liquid-Paint:
6.1.1 Mix the sample until homogeneous, preferably on a
2. Referenced Documents
2 mechanical shaker. If air bubbles become entrapped in the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
paint, stir it by hand.
D3723 Test Method for Pigment Content of Water-Emulsion
6.1.2 Draw slightly more than 10 g of the paint under test
Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing
intoa10-mLsyringeandweighto0.1mg.Transferabout5mL
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
toluene to a porcelain dish tared with a paper clip for use as a
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
3 stirrer. Add 10 g of the material into the toluene. Reweigh the
cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
syringe to 0.1 mg and calculate the specimen weight. Mix well
3. Summary of Test Method
on a magnetic stirrer. Place the dish in the oven at 105°C for 30
min.
3.1 The specimen is transferred to a tared porcelain dish,
6.1.3 Remove and heat at the lowest temperature possible
dried (if necessary) at 105°C, and heated on a burner. The dish
over a meker burner in a fume hood. Do not leave the dish on
and specimen are transferred to a muffle furnace and heated at
the burner after the flame has subsided. Transfer to the muffle
450°C. The dish and specimen are reweighed and the pigment
furnace and proceed as in 6.4.
(ash) content calculated.
6.2 Preformed Traffıc Marking Tape—Cut about a 10-g
4. Apparatus
square of the product. Remove the adhesive by pulling it off or
4.1 Muffle Furnace, maintained at 450°C 6 25°C.
by using an appropriate solvent. Save the beads that are
4.2 Circulating Oven, maintained at 105°C 6 2°C. knocked off by this process and weigh with the tape. Dry the
specimen for 30 min at 105°C to remove the solvent. Cool in
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint a desiccator. Weigh the specimen along with the loose beads to
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
0.1 mg into a tared porcelain dish. Heat in a fume hood at the
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
lowest temperature of a meker burner in a furnace hood until
Current edition approved July 1, 2014. Published July 2014. Originally approved
in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4451 – 02 (2008). DOI:
10.1520/D4451-02R14.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
the ASTM website. Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
www.astm.org. MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4451 −
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4451 − 02 (Reapproved 2008) D4451 − 02 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
1
Pigment Content of Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4451; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the pigment content of paints and several traffic marking materials (thermoplastic and preformed
tape) by low-temperature furnace ashing. Some organic pigments may be lost by this method and some water or moisture contained
in pigments will be lost.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3723 Test Method for Pigment Content of Water-Emulsion Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The specimen is transferred to a tared porcelain dish, dried (if necessary) at 105°C, and heated on a burner. The dish and
specimen are transferred to a muffle furnace and heated at 450°C. The dish and specimen are reweighed and the pigment (ash)
content calculated.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Muffle Furnace, maintained at 450°C 6 25°C.
4.2 Circulating Oven, maintained at 105°C 6 2°C.
4.3 Porcelain Dishes, 90-mm diameter.
4.4 Plastic Disposable Syringe, 10-mL capacity.
4.5 Burner, meker type.
5. Reagents
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where
4
such specifications are available.
5.2 Toluene.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008July 1, 2014. Published February 2008July 2014. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20022008 as
D4451 - 02.D4451 – 02 (2008). DOI: 10.1520/D4451-02R08.10.1520/D4451-02R14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by
the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and National
Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4451 − 02 (2014)
6. Procedure
6.1 Liquid-Paint:
6.1.1 Mix the sample until homogeneous, preferably on a mechanical shaker. If air bubbles become entrapped in the paint, stir
it by hand.
6.1.2 Draw slightly more than 10 g of the paint under test into a 10-mL syringe and weigh to 0.1 mg. Transfer about 5 mL
toluene to a porcelain dish tared with a paper clip for use as a stirrer. Add 10 g of the material into the toluene. Reweigh the syringe
to 0.1 mg and calculate the specimen weight. Mix well on a magnetic stirrer. Place the dish in the oven at 105°C for 30 min.
6.1.3 Remove and heat at the lowest temperature possible over a meker burner in a fume hood. Do not leave the dish on the
burner after the flame has subsided. Transfer to the muffle furnace and proceed as in 6.4.
6.2 Preformed Traffıc Marking Tape—Cut about a 10-g square of the product. Remove the adhes
...