ASTM D2793-99(2017)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Block Resistance of Organic Coatings on Wood Panel Substrates
Standard Test Method for Block Resistance of Organic Coatings on Wood Panel Substrates
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Coated wood panel products must be stacked face to face or face to back during warehousing, packaging, and transportation without the coated finish sticking (blocking) and becoming damaged. This test method describes a laboratory means of evaluating conditions of blocking using factors of pressure, heat, time and moisture.
4.2 Degrees of hardness or degrees of cure of organic coatings, or both, can be evaluated using a blocking test.
4.3 The rate of volatile loss (drying speed) of organic coatings can be evaluated using a blocking test.
4.4 The effectiveness of protective packaging materials (slip sheets) for organic coatings on wood substrates can be evaluated using a blocking test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the block resistance of organic coatings on wood and wood-based panel substrates. Block resistance is the ability of a coating to resist sticking to another surface and to resist any change in appearance when it is pressed against that surface for a prolonged period of time.
1.2 General methods for determining block resistance are outlined in Sections 6 and 7. Variations inherent in user materials and procedures, however, may dictate adjustments to the general method to improve accuracy. Paragraphs 7.3 and 7.4 provide guidelines for tailoring the general procedure to a user's specific application. Paragraph 7.5 offers a rating methodology.
1.3 Test Method D2091 should be used for the determination of print resistance or pressure mottling of organic coatings, particularly lacquers, applied to wood-based case goods such as furniture.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2793 − 99 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Block Resistance of Organic Coatings on Wood Panel
Substrates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2793; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the block
D2091 Test Method for Print Resistance of Lacquers
resistance of organic coatings on wood and wood-based panel
substrates. Block resistance is the ability of a coating to resist
3. Summary of Test Method
sticking to another surface and to resist any change in
3.1 The coatings are prepared for testing in a manner
appearance when it is pressed against that surface for a
duplicating production application and curing conditions as
prolonged period of time.
nearlyaspossibleonthespecifiedwoodsubstrate.Thenastack
1.2 General methods for determining block resistance are
of these painted substrates is formed and subjected to a
outlined in Sections 6 and 7. Variations inherent in user
specified pressure and temperature for a sufficient time to
materials and procedures, however, may dictate adjustments to
develop any sticking tendencies that exist. The pressure is
the general method to improve accuracy. Paragraphs 7.3 and
released and the painted surfaces are examined for any signs of
7.4 provide guidelines for tailoring the general procedure to a sticking or pressure mottling. If blocking (forming a block by
user’s specific application. Paragraph 7.5 offers a rating meth-
panels sticking together) occurs, the material is unsatisfactory.
odology. If no sticking or damage to the film surface occurs, the material
is satisfactory.
1.3 Test Method D2091 should be used for the determina-
3.2 When the conditions of production finishing are estab-
tionofprintresistanceorpressuremottlingoforganiccoatings,
lishedandknown,themethodofapplication,thesubstrate,film
particularly lacquers, applied to wood-based case goods such
thickness, and cure of the film should duplicate these condi-
as furniture.
tions as closely as possible. However, some acceleration of the
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
test may be possible with more severe conditions.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4. Significance and Use
only.
4.1 Coated wood panel products must be stacked face to
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
face or face to back during warehousing, packaging, and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
transportation without the coated finish sticking (blocking) and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
becoming damaged. This test method describes a laboratory
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
means of evaluating conditions of blocking using factors of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
pressure, heat, time and moisture.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.2 Degrees of hardness or degrees of cure of organic
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
coatings, or both, can be evaluated using a blocking test.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 4.3 The rate of volatile loss (drying speed) of organic
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical coatings can be evaluated using a blocking test.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.4 The effectiveness of protective packaging materials (slip
sheets) for organic coatings on wood substrates can be evalu-
ated using a blocking test.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.52 on Factory Coated Wood Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2793 – 99 (2011). DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D2793-99R17. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2793 − 99 (2017)
5. Apparatus procedure exists, approximations may be made using a calcu-
lation of production stacking pressure, as follows:
5.1 Hydraulic Press (preferably constant pressure), capable
DHA /A 3F (1)
of maintaining the agreed upon stacking pressure. ~ !
1 2
5.2 Rigid Platens, at least 4 in. (100 mm) square, capable of where:
being maintained at the desired test temperature.
D = board density,
H = stack height,
6. Test Specimens A = stack area,
A = support area, and
6.1 For those cases where the intended use conditions are
F = safety factor.
not established or known, the following specifications or some
Support area is difficult to establish precisely. In practice,
set of specifications agreed upon between the purchaser and
stacking may be directly on the floor, or support stringers may
seller apply:
be used. As stringers increase stacking pressures substantially,
6.1.1 The test coating shall be applied by spray to a panel.
this should be compensated for by use of higher platen
6.1.2 The panel shall be a piece of 6.4 mm ( ⁄4 in.) smooth
pressures or by the inclusion of stringer rods in the sample
two side (S2S) standard hardboard or other thickness and type
stack.
of wood substrate.
7.4 If the presence of water between substrate surfaces can
6.1.3 The dry film thickness of pigmented coatings shall be
belogicallyanticipatedasaresultofthemanufacturingprocess
1.5 6 0.2 mils (38 6 5 µm), and of clear coatings, shall be 30
or storage conditions, include it in the procedure, as blocking
6 5 µm (1.2 6 0.2 mils) or other agreed upon film thickness.
tendencies may be altered. Systematic coated surface wetting
Cure of the coating shall be as agreed and should be standard-
prior to test such as contact with saturated toweling, or
ized for each coating.
conditioning at elevated relative humidity conditions, can be
NOTE 1—Film thickness can be measured by weight differences before
useful in improving test efficacy.
and after painting, but this requires careful conditioning of the substrate
under standard temperature and humidity conditions prior to each weigh-
7.5 At test conclusion, open the press and pick up the stack
ing. Film thickn
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2793 − 99 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Block Resistance of Organic Coatings on Wood Panel
Substrates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2793; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the block
D2091 Test Method for Print Resistance of Lacquers
resistance of organic coatings on wood and wood-based panel
substrates. Block resistance is the ability of a coating to resist
3. Summary of Test Method
sticking to another surface and to resist any change in
3.1 The coatings are prepared for testing in a manner
appearance when it is pressed against that surface for a
duplicating production application and curing conditions as
prolonged period of time.
nearly as possible on the specified wood substrate. Then a stack
1.2 General methods for determining block resistance are
of these painted substrates is formed and subjected to a
outlined in Sections 6 and 7. Variations inherent in user
specified pressure and temperature for a sufficient time to
materials and procedures, however, may dictate adjustments to
develop any sticking tendencies that exist. The pressure is
the general method to improve accuracy. Paragraphs 7.3 and
released and the painted surfaces are examined for any signs of
7.4 provide guidelines for tailoring the general procedure to a
sticking or pressure mottling. If blocking (forming a block by
user’s specific application. Paragraph 7.5 offers a rating meth- panels sticking together) occurs, the material is unsatisfactory.
odology. If no sticking or damage to the film surface occurs, the material
is satisfactory.
1.3 Test Method D2091 should be used for the determina-
3.2 When the conditions of production finishing are estab-
tion of print resistance or pressure mottling of organic coatings,
lished and known, the method of application, the substrate, film
particularly lacquers, applied to wood-based case goods such
thickness, and cure of the film should duplicate these condi-
as furniture.
tions as closely as possible. However, some acceleration of the
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
test may be possible with more severe conditions.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4. Significance and Use
only.
4.1 Coated wood panel products must be stacked face to
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
face or face to back during warehousing, packaging, and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
transportation without the coated finish sticking (blocking) and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
becoming damaged. This test method describes a laboratory
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
means of evaluating conditions of blocking using factors of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
pressure, heat, time and moisture.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.2 Degrees of hardness or degrees of cure of organic
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
coatings, or both, can be evaluated using a blocking test.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.3 The rate of volatile loss (drying speed) of organic
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical coatings can be evaluated using a blocking test.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.4 The effectiveness of protective packaging materials (slip
sheets) for organic coatings on wood substrates can be evalu-
ated using a blocking test.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.52 on Factory Coated Wood Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2793 – 99 (2011). DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D2793-99R17. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2793 − 99 (2017)
5. Apparatus procedure exists, approximations may be made using a calcu-
lation of production stacking pressure, as follows:
5.1 Hydraulic Press (preferably constant pressure), capable
DHA /A 3F (1)
of maintaining the agreed upon stacking pressure. ~ !
1 2
5.2 Rigid Platens, at least 4 in. (100 mm) square, capable of
where:
being maintained at the desired test temperature.
D = board density,
H = stack height,
6. Test Specimens A = stack area,
A = support area, and
6.1 For those cases where the intended use conditions are
F = safety factor.
not established or known, the following specifications or some
Support area is difficult to establish precisely. In practice,
set of specifications agreed upon between the purchaser and
stacking may be directly on the floor, or support stringers may
seller apply:
be used. As stringers increase stacking pressures substantially,
6.1.1 The test coating shall be applied by spray to a panel.
this should be compensated for by use of higher platen
6.1.2 The panel shall be a piece of 6.4 mm ( ⁄4 in.) smooth
pressures or by the inclusion of stringer rods in the sample
two side (S2S) standard hardboard or other thickness and type
stack.
of wood substrate.
7.4 If the presence of water between substrate surfaces can
6.1.3 The dry film thickness of pigmented coatings shall be
be logically anticipated as a result of the manufacturing process
1.5 6 0.2 mils (38 6 5 µm), and of clear coatings, shall be 30
or storage conditions, include it in the procedure, as blocking
6 5 µm (1.2 6 0.2 mils) or other agreed upon film thickness.
tendencies may be altered. Systematic coated surface wetting
Cure of the coating shall be as agreed and should be standard-
prior to test such as contact with saturated toweling, or
ized for each coating.
conditioning at elevated relative humidity conditions, can be
NOTE 1—Film thickness can be measured by weight differences before
useful in improving test efficacy.
and after painting, but this requires careful conditioning of the substrate
under standard temperature and humidity conditions prior to each weigh-
7.5 At test conclusion, open the press and pick up the stack
ing. Film thickness can also be determined by using an aluminum tab
in such a fashion that first the
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2793 − 99 (Reapproved 2011) D2793 − 99 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Block Resistance of Organic Coatings on Wood Panel
Substrates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2793; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the block resistance of organic coatings on wood and wood-based panel
substrates. Block resistance is the ability of a coating to resist sticking to another surface and to resist any change in appearance
when it is pressed against that surface for a prolonged period of time.
1.2 General methods for determining block resistance are outlined in Sections 6 and 7. Variations inherent in user materials and
procedures, however, may dictate adjustments to the general method to improve accuracy. Paragraphs 7.3 and 7.4 provide
guidelines for tailoring the general procedure to a user’s specific application. Paragraph 7.5 offers a rating methodology.
1.3 Test Method D2091 should be used for the determination of print resistance or pressure mottling of organic coatings,
particularly lacquers, applied to wood-based case goods such as furniture.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2091 Test Method for Print Resistance of Lacquers
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The coatings are prepared for testing in a manner duplicating production application and curing conditions as nearly as
possible on the specified wood substrate. Then a stack of these painted substrates is formed and subjected to a specified pressure
and temperature for a sufficient time to develop any sticking tendencies that exist. The pressure is released and the painted surfaces
are examined for any signs of sticking or pressure mottling. If blocking (forming a block by panels sticking together) occurs, the
material is unsatisfactory. If no sticking or damage to the film surface occurs, the material is satisfactory.
3.2 When the conditions of production finishing are established and known, the method of application, the substrate, film
thickness, and cure of the film should duplicate these conditions as closely as possible. However, some acceleration of the test may
be possible with more severe conditions.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Coated wood panel products must be stacked face to face or face to back during warehousing, packaging, and transportation
without the coated finish sticking (blocking) and becoming damaged. This test method describes a laboratory means of evaluating
conditions of blocking using factors of pressure, heat, time and moisture.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.52 on Factory Coated Wood Products.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011July 1, 2017. Published June 2011July 2017. Originally approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as D2793 – 99
(2005).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/D2793-99R11.10.1520/D2793-99R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2793 − 99 (2017)
4.2 Degrees of hardness or degrees of cure of organic coatings, or both, can be evaluated using a blocking test.
4.3 The rate of volatile loss (drying speed) of organic coatings can be evaluated using a blocking test.
4.4 The effectiveness of protective packaging materials (slip sheets) for organic coatings on wood substrates can be evaluated
using a blocking test.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Hydraulic Press (preferably constant pressure), capable of maintaining the agreed upon stacking pressure.
5.2 Rigid Platens, at least 4 in. (100 mm) square, capable of being maintained at the desired test temperature.
6. Test Specimens
6.1 For those cases where the intended use conditions are not established or known, the following specifications or some set
of specifications agreed upon between the purchaser and seller apply:
6.1.1 The test coating shall be applied by spray to a panel.
6.1.2 The panel shall be a piece of 6.4 mm ( ⁄4 in.) smooth two side (S2S) standard hardboard or other thickness and type of
wood substrate.
6.1.3 The dry film thickness of pigmented coatings shall be 1.5 6 0.2 mils (38 6 5 μm), and of clear coatings, shall be 30 6
5 μm (1.2 6 0.2 mils) or other agreed upon film thickness. Cure of the coating shall be as agreed and should be standardized for
each coating.
NOTE 1—Film thickness can be measured by weight differences before and after painting, but this requires careful conditioning of the substrate under
standard temperature and humidity conditions prior to each weighing. Film thickness can also be determined by using an aluminum tab alongside the test
panel and measuring the film thickness with a standard eddy-current gage or using a steel panel with a magnetic film thickness gage. Alternatively, on
smooth surface boards, a draw down bar applicator with known film thickness delivery may be used.
7. Procedure
7.1 After an agreed upon time (after sample preparation) under ambient conditions, prepare a stack of six samples as follows
(from bottom to top):
(1) one face up,
(2) two face down,
(3) one face up,
(4) two face down.
This provides two face-to-face and face-to-back contacts. If slipsheeting materials are utilized or are under consideration, include
them between the appropriate interfaces.
7.2 Preheat the press platens to 49 6 1°C (120 6 2°F) or other agreed upon temperature. Insert the sample stack into the press
and apply the load for a minimum of 24 h, through rigid pressure platens using one of the following conditions:
Class A80 psi 6 4 psi (560 kPa 6 28 kPa)
Class B40 psi 6 2 psi (280 kPa 6 14 kPa)
Class C20 psi 6 1 psi (140 kPa 6 7 kPa)
Class D5 psi 6 0.25 psi (35 kPa 6 1.7 kPa)
These classes are arbitrary and merely represent test
...
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