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ASTM D3999/D3999M-11e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for the Determination of the Modulus and Damping Properties of Soils Using the Cyclic Triaxial Apparatus (Withdrawn 2020)

Standard Test Methods for the Determination of the Modulus and Damping Properties of Soils Using the Cyclic Triaxial Apparatus (Withdrawn 2020)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The cyclic triaxial test permits determination of the secant modulus and damping coefficient for cyclic axial loading of a prismatic soil specimen in hydrostatically consolidated, undrained conditions. The secant modulus and damping coefficient from this test may be different from those obtained from a torsional shear type of test on the same material.  
5.2 The secant modulus and damping coefficient are important parameters used in dynamic, performance evaluation of both natural and engineered structures under dynamic or cyclic loads such as caused by earthquakes, ocean wave, or blasts. These parameters can be used in dynamic response analyses including, finite elements, finite difference, and linear or non-linear analytical methods.Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the modulus and damping properties of soils in either intact or reconstituted states by either load or stroke controlled cyclic triaxial techniques. The standard is focused on determining these properties for soils in hydrostatically consolidated, undrained conditions.  
1.2 The cyclic triaxial properties of initially saturated or unsaturated soil specimens are evaluated relative to a number of factors including: strain level, density, number of cycles, material type, and effective stress.  
1.3 These test methods are applicable to both fine-grained and coarse-grained soils as defined by the unified soil classification system or by Practice D2487. Test specimens may be intact or reconstituted by compaction in the laboratory.  
1.4 Two test methods are provided for using a cyclic loader to determine the secant Young's modulus (E) and damping coefficient (D) for a soil specimen. The first test method (A) permits the determination of E and D using a constant load apparatus. The second test method (B) permits the determination of E and D using a constant stroke apparatus. The test methods are as follows:  
1.4.1 Test Method A—This test method requires the application of a constant cyclic load to the test specimen. It is used for determining the secant Young's modulus and damping coefficient under a constant load condition.  
1.4.2 Test Method B—This test method requires the application of a constant cyclic deformation to the test specimen. It is used for determining the secant Young's modulus and damping coefficient under a constant stroke condition.  
1.5 The development of relationships to aid in interpreting and evaluating test results are left to the engineer or office requesting the test.  
1.6 Limitations—There are certain limitations inherent in using cyclic triaxial tests to simulate the stress and strain conditions of a soil element in the field during an earthquake, with several summarized in the following sections. With due consideration for the factors affecting test results, carefully conducted cyclic triaxial tests can provide data on the cyclic behavior of soils with a degree of accuracy adequate for meaningful evaluations of modulus and damping coefficient below a shearing strain level of 0.5 %.  
1.6.1 Nonuniform stress conditions within the test specimen are imposed by the specimen end platens.  
1.6.2 A 90° change in the direction of the major principal stress occurs during the two halves of the loading cycle on isotropically confined specimens.  
1.6.3 The maximum cyclic axial stress that can be applied to a saturated specimen is contro...

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Oct-2011
Withdrawal Date
20-Apr-2020
ICS
13.080.99 - Other standards related to soil quality
Technical Committee
D18 - Soil and Rock
Drafting Committee
D18.09 - Cyclic and Dynamic Properties of Soils
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3999-11 - Standard Test Methods for the Determination of the Modulus and Damping Properties of Soils Using the Cyclic Triaxial Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Nov-2011

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ASTM D3999/D3999M-11e1 - Standard Test Methods for the Determination of the Modulus and Damping Properties of Soils Using the Cyclic Triaxial Apparatus (Withdrawn 2020)ASTM D3999/D3999M-11e1 - Standard Test Methods for the Determination of the Modulus and Damping Properties of Soils Using the Cyclic Triaxial Apparatus (Withdrawn 2020)
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ASTM D3999/D3999M-11e1 - Standard Test Methods for the Determination of the Modulus and Damping Properties of Soils Using the Cyclic Triaxial Apparatus (Withdrawn 2020)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D3999/D3999M − 11
Standard Test Methods for
the Determination of the Modulus and Damping Properties
1
of Soils Using the Cyclic Triaxial Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3999/D3999M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Designation was editorially corrected to match units information in October 2013.
1. Scope* 1.6 Limitations—There are certain limitations inherent in
using cyclic triaxial tests to simulate the stress and strain
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
conditions of a soil element in the field during an earthquake,
modulus and damping properties of soils in either intact or
with several summarized in the following sections. With due
reconstituted states by either load or stroke controlled cyclic
consideration for the factors affecting test results, carefully
triaxial techniques. The standard is focused on determining
conducted cyclic triaxial tests can provide data on the cyclic
these properties for soils in hydrostatically consolidated,
behavior of soils with a degree of accuracy adequate for
undrained conditions.
meaningful evaluations of modulus and damping coefficient
1.2 The cyclic triaxial properties of initially saturated or
below a shearing strain level of 0.5%.
unsaturated soil specimens are evaluated relative to a number
1.6.1 Nonuniformstressconditionswithinthetestspecimen
of factors including: strain level, density, number of cycles,
are imposed by the specimen end platens.
material type, and effective stress.
1.6.2 A 90° change in the direction of the major principal
1.3 These test methods are applicable to both fine-grained
stress occurs during the two halves of the loading cycle on
and coarse-grained soils as defined by the unified soil classi-
isotropically confined specimens.
fication system or by Practice D2487. Test specimens may be
1.6.3 Themaximumcyclicaxialstressthatcanbeappliedto
intact or reconstituted by compaction in the laboratory.
a saturated specimen is controlled by the stress conditions at
1.4 Two test methods are provided for using a cyclic loader
the end of confining stress application and the pore-water
to determine the secant Young’s modulus (E) and damping
pressures generated during undrained compression. For an
coefficient (D) for a soil specimen. The first test method (A)
isotropically confined specimen tested in cyclic compression,
permits the determination of E and D using a constant load
the maximum cyclic axial stress that can be applied to the
apparatus. The second test method (B) permits the determina-
specimen is equal to the effective confining pressure. Since
tion of E and D using a constant stroke apparatus. The test
cohesionless soils cannot resist tension, cyclic axial stresses
methods are as follows:
greater than this value tend to lift the top platen from the soil
1.4.1 Test Method A—This test method requires the appli-
specimen. Also, as the pore-water pressure increases during
cation of a constant cyclic load to the test specimen. It is used
for determining the secant Young’s modulus and damping tests performed on isotropically confined specimens, the effec-
coefficient under a constant load condition. tiveconfiningpressureisreduced,contributingtothetendency
1.4.2 Test Method B—This test method requires the appli-
of the specimen to neck during the extension portion of the
cation of a constant cyclic deformation to the test specimen. It
load cycle, invalidating test results beyond that point.
is used for determining the secant Young’s modulus and
1.6.4 While it is advised that the best possible intact
damping coefficient under a constant stroke condition.
specimens be obtained for cyclic testing, it is sometimes
1.5 The development of relationships to aid in interpreting necessarytoreconstitutesoilspecimens.Ithasbeenshownthat
and evaluating test results are left to the engineer or office different methods of reconstituting specimens to the same
requesting the test.
density may result in significantly different cyclic behavior.
Also, intact specimens will almost always be stronger and
stiffer than reconstituted specimens of the same density.
1
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoil
and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.09 on Cyclic and
1.6.5 Theinteractionbetweenthespecimen,membrane,and
Dynamic Properties of Soils.
confining fluid has an influence on cyclic behavior. Membrane
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally
compliance effects cannot be readily accounted for in the test
approved
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides descriptions of various methods for site characterization along with advantages and disadvantages associated with each method discussed. This guide is intended to aid in the selection of drilling method(s) for geotechnical and environmental soil and rock borings for sampling, testing, and installation of wells, or other instrumentation. It does not address drilling for foundation improvement, drinking water wells, or special horizontal drilling techniques for utilities.  
1.2 This guide cannot address all possible subsurface conditions that may occur such as, geologic, topographic, climatic, or anthropogenic. Site evaluation for engineering, design, and construction purposes is addressed in Guide D420. Soil and rock sampling in drill holes is addressed in Guide D6169. Pertinent guides and practices addressing specific drilling methods, equipment, and procedures are listed in Section 2. Guide D5730 provides information on most all aspects of environmental site characterization.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units (given in brackets) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This guide does not purport to comprehensively address all methods and the issues associated with drilling for geotechnical and environmental purposes. Users should seek qualified professionals for decisions as to the proper equipment and methods that would be most successful for their site investigation. Other methods may be available for these methods and qualified professionals should have flexibility to exercise judgment as to possible alternatives not covered in this guide. The guide is current at the time of issue, but new alternative methods may become available prior to revi...

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    28 pages
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  • Guide
    28 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D8199-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Specific Strength of Hydraulically Applied Fiber Matrix Products for Erosion Control

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Specific strength is a measure of the ability of a fiber matrix product to withstand force applied by a tensile machine and is useful to understand in order to produce quality products. Specific strength is frequently related to the matrix density, fiber quality, fiber length and chemistry and can be used as a measurement for quality assurance or quality control, or both requirements.  
5.2 This method may not be applicable to all hydraulically applied fiber matrix products due to variations in product chemistry.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides a quantitative test method to determine the specific strength of hydraulically applied fiber matrix products using dry and wet preparation methods in a laboratory setting. This method is designed for use as an index test for product quality assurance or quality control, or both to comply with manufacturing requirements. This test method is not indicative of product performance in the field.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8151-19(Practice)
Standard Practice for Obtaining Rainfall Runoff from Unvegetated Rolled and Hydraulic Erosion Control Products (RECPs and HECPs) for Acute Ecotoxicity Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A large number of erosion control product manufacturers produce a variety of RECPs and HECPs that are designed to be applied to any land surface to stabilize soils and prevent erosion. Many of these products are engineered to absorb moisture and remain in place even under extreme rainfall events and are composed of substances that could go into solution with runoff. Based on the characteristics of these products and their intended and actual use in the environment, the most likely scenario through which aquatic organisms would be exposed to these products or their soluble components is through storm water runoff. Further, because such runoff events typically last for minutes to hours rather than days, use of acute (48 h) toxicity testing methodology is appropriate to model expected environment exposures.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the guidelines, requirements, and procedures for obtaining rainfall runoff of unvegetated rolled and hydraulic erosion control products (RECPs and HECPs) during bench-scale conditions from simulated rainfall to be sent out for acute ecotoxicity testing.  
1.2 This practice obtains unvegetated erosion control product (ECP) runoff from rainsplash-induced erosion under bench-scale conditions using bench-scale collection procedures.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.  
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Dev...

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ASTM
ASTM D8151-19e1(Practice)
Standard Practice for Obtaining Rainfall Runoff from Unvegetated Rolled and Hydraulic Erosion Control Products (RECPs and HECPs) for Acute Ecotoxicity Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A large number of erosion control product manufacturers produce a variety of RECPs and HECPs that are designed to be applied to any land surface to stabilize soils and prevent erosion. Many of these products are engineered to absorb moisture and remain in place even under extreme rainfall events and are composed of substances that could go into solution with runoff. Based on the characteristics of these products and their intended and actual use in the environment, the most likely scenario through which aquatic organisms would be exposed to these products or their soluble components is through storm water runoff. Further, because such runoff events typically last for minutes to hours rather than days, use of acute (48 h) toxicity testing methodology is appropriate to model expected environment exposures.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the guidelines, requirements, and procedures for obtaining rainfall runoff of unvegetated rolled and hydraulic erosion control products (RECPs and HECPs) during bench-scale conditions from simulated rainfall to be sent out for acute ecotoxicity testing.  
1.2 This practice obtains unvegetated erosion control product (ECP) runoff from rainsplash-induced erosion under bench-scale conditions using bench-scale collection procedures.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.  
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Dev...

  • Standard
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    English language
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