ASTM D4675-09e1

Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide assists the user in selecting a strapping material and configuration for initial handling, transit, and storage tests. It describes general unit (load) types, strapping properties, unit-strapping interaction, weight considerations, unit shear planes, component frictional characteristics, and unit geometry.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information on flat strapping materials (steel or nonmetallic) for the prospective user wanting initial guidance in selecting a strapping material and applied configuration for use in packaging (closing, reinforcing, baling, unitizing, or palletizing) and loading (load unitization and securement to transport vehicle) applications. The use applies to handling, securement, storage, and distribution systems.
1.2 Carrier associations have established certain packaging and loading requirements that in some cases specify a type of strap, the minimum size or strength, or both, and type of joint or seal, or both, that must be used for certain types of shipments or under certain conditions. Users should consult with their carriers initially to determine if there are applicable, published requirements. Individual carriers may establish their own requirements (see 2.2).  
1.3 Limitations— This guide is not intended to give specific information as to how strapping must be used in any particular packaging or loading situation. Rather it is intended to be informational in nature and is offered as a starting point for testing. The need for thorough user testing is to be emphasized as is a review of pertinent regulations that can influence the selection of sizes, types, and possibly, application methods.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2009
• ICS: 55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
• Technical Committee: D10 - Packaging
• Drafting Committee: D10.25 - Palletizing and Unitizing of Loads

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4675-09 - Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM D4675-14 - Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2014
• Referred By: ASTM D5168-22 - Standard Practice for Fabrication and Closure of Triple-Wall Corrugated Fiberboard Containers
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D5728-12(2020) - Standard Practices for Securement of Cargo in Intermodal and Unimodal Surface Transport
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D3953-15(2022) - Standard Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D1974/D1974M-22 - Standard Practice for Methods of Closing, Sealing, and Reinforcing Fiberboard Boxes
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6256/D6256M-16 - Standard Specification for Wood-Cleated Shipping Boxes with Skidded, Load-Bearing Bases
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009
• Referred By: ASTM A700-14(2019) - Standard Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D8505/D8505M-23 - Standard Specification for Basalt and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6880/D6880M-19 - Standard Specification for Wood Boxes
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D4727/D4727M-22 - Standard Specification for Corrugated and Solid Fiberboard Sheet Stock (Container Grade) and Cut Shapes
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6039/D6039M-18 - Standard Specification for Open and Covered Wood Crates
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7478/D7478M-11(2017) - Standard Specification for Heavy Duty Sheathed Wood Crates
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D4675 − 09
StandardGuide for
1
Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4675; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—The layout of Table 2 was adjusted editorially in November 2010.
INTRODUCTION
This guide covers two common categories of strapping materials: flat carbon steel and nonmetallic
strapping. Within each of these two broad categories, there are distinct types that lend themselves to
particular applications to differing degrees.
The goal of this guide is to help the user focus on the desired elements of performance or service,
and the unique properties of each strapping material in order to judge which of these strapping
materials is best suited for the application. Contact your supplier for further information.
It is recognized that there are other materials (not covered) that may also offer acceptable solutions
or may be used in conjunction with flat strapping.Also, examples of ancillary materials are shown in
Fig. 1.
Strapping may be recyclable. Contact your supplier for further information.
1. Scope as is a review of pertinent regulations that can influence the
selection of sizes, types, and possibly, application methods.
1.1 This guide covers information on flat strapping materi-
als (steel or nonmetallic) for the prospective user wanting
1.4 The sections in this guide appear in the following order:
initial guidance in selecting a strapping material and applied
Section
configurationforuseinpackaging(closing,reinforcing,baling,
Scope 1
Referenced Documents 2
unitizing, or palletizing) and loading (load unitization and
Terminology 3
securement to transport vehicle) applications. The use applies
Significance and Use 4
to handling, securement, storage, and distribution systems.
Safety Hazards 5
General Considerations:
1.2 Carrier associations have established certain packaging
Properties of Strap Types 6
and loading requirements that in some cases specify a type of General Uses 7
Strap Tension 8
strap, the minimum size or strength, or both, and type of joint
Packaging Design:
or seal, or both, that must be used for certain types of
Distribution 9
shipments or under certain conditions. Users should consult Package Configuration 10
Strap Selection 11
with their carriers initially to determine if there are applicable,
Joining Methods and Properties
published requirements. Individual carriers may establish their
Joint Methods and Properties (except loop joint) 12
Loop Joint and Seal Properties 13
own requirements (see 2.2).
Coatings:
1.3 Limitations— This guide is not intended to give specific
Strap Coatings and Purposes 14
Application:
information as to how strapping must be used in any particular
Equipment for Strap Application 15
packaging or loading situation. Rather it is intended to be
Strap Application 16
informational in nature and is offered as a starting point for
Testing and Evaluation:
Testing and Developing Final Package Design 17
testing. The need for thorough user testing is to be emphasized
Evaluation of Strap Failure 18
Keywords 19
Supplementary Guideline S1
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D10 on Packagingand
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizing and Unitizing of
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Loads.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originally
ϵ2
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4675 – 06 . DOI:
10.1520/D4675-09E01. and are not considered standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4675 − 09
FIG. 1 Applications for Steel and Nonmetallic Strapping
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D4675 − 09
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.2.1 The following refer to the characteristics and proper-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the ties of strapping materials. These can be objectively measured
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- to some extent and are used to rank the relative effectiveness of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- different strapping materials in different applications. The
bility
...