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ASTM E2025-99(2006)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Fenestration Components and Assemblies for Resistance to Impact Energies (Withdrawn 2015)

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Fenestration Components and Assemblies for Resistance to Impact Energies (Withdrawn 2015)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended for determining the ability of a fenestration component, fenestration assembly, or impact protection system to resist specified impact energies.
The test apparatus, referenced herein, is capable of applying a variety of impacts to a specimen as the impactor head may be fabricated into a variety of shapes and from materials having different degrees of hardness. The user is able to simulate a specific type of impact and the impact energy with this apparatus.
There is a need to correlate the damage to fenestration assemblies from the impacts in question with the impacts delivered by the test apparatus in order for the test results to be properly interpreted. Due to the nature of the test apparatus, care must be taken when interpreting the results of a specific test to actual performance in the field. The impact energies involved in a pendulum impact cannot be directly transferred to impact energies applied by other devices, for example, projectiles; therefore, the performance of a specimen to the impacts applied by this test method are not directly transferable to performance in actual use. The application of impact energies to a specimen, as applied in this test method, however, does provide valuable information regarding the ability of the specimen to resist damage when impacted.  
Note 1—Use Test Method E 1886 for determining the performance of fenestration components subjected to impacts from windborne debris in a windstorm environment.  
When using this test method to compare the performance of products the same impact nose, impact device mass and impact speed must be applied to each product tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the resistance of fenestration components, fenestration assemblies, and impact protection systems to specified impact energies.
1.2 Window, glazed door, and skylight assemblies covered by this test method also include individual components, such as the glazing in-fill.
This standard does no purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the evaluation of the resistance of fenestration components, fenestration assemblies, and impact protection systems to specified impact energies.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings, this test method was withdrawn in July 2015 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
30-Sep-2006
Withdrawal Date
01-Jul-2015
ICS
91.120.10 - Thermal insulation of buildings
Technical Committee
E06 - Performance of Buildings
Drafting Committee
E06.51 - Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E2025-99 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Fenestration Components and Assemblies for Resistance to Impact Energies
Effective Date
01-Oct-2006
Referred By
ASTM E2395-21 - Standard Specification for Voluntary Security Performance of Window and Door Assemblies with Glazing Impact
Effective Date
01-Oct-2006
Referred By
ASTM E2358-17 - Standard Specification for Performance of Glazing in Permanent Railing Systems, Guards, and Balustrades
Effective Date
01-Oct-2006

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ASTM E2025-99(2006) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Fenestration Components and Assemblies for Resistance to Impact Energies (Withdrawn 2015)ASTM E2025-99(2006) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Fenestration Components and Assemblies for Resistance to Impact Energies (Withdrawn 2015)
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ASTM E2025-99(2006) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Fenestration Components and Assemblies for Resistance to Impact Energies (Withdrawn 2015)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2025 − 99 (Reapproved2006)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Fenestration Components and Assemblies for
Resistance to Impact Energies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2025; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.3 fenestration assembly, n—aglazedapertureinabuild-
ing composed of a group of parts or components that may
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the resistance
include glass or plastic panels or lites, opaque panels, framing,
of fenestration components, fenestration assemblies, and im-
mullions, muntins and dividers, screens and shading devices,
pact protection systems to specified impact energies.
for example, windows or glazed doors, or both.
1.2 Window, glazed door, and skylight assemblies covered
3.1.4 glazed panel, n—glazing installed in a framing sys-
bythistestmethodalsoincludeindividualcomponents,suchas
tem.
the glazing in-fill.
3.1.5 impact energy, n—impact energy is expressed as
1.3 This standard does no purport to address all of the
vertical drop height of the pendulum, times its weight, for a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
particular impact event.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.6 impact energy (cumulative), n—the sum of impact
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
energies from each of the respective impact events for the
entire applied impact sequence, derived from intentionally
2. Referenced Documents
impacting the test specimen more than once; the total impact
2.1 ASTM Standards: energyeitherappliedtomeetatestprotocolorobservedduring
E631Terminology of Building Constructions
an impact sequence and associated with a particular level of
E1886Test Method for Performance of Exterior Windows, damage.
Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective Systems
3.1.7 impact protection system, n—moveable (or perma-
Impacted by Missile(s) and Exposed to Cyclic Pressure
nent)constructionthatmaybeapplied,attachedorlockedover
Differentials
a fenestration assembly to protect the assembly from impact,
F476Test Methods for Security of Swinging Door Assem-
for example, shutters.
blies (Withdrawn 2011)
3.1.8 impact ram, n—the device that (when released) deliv-
3. Terminology ers the impact energy to the test specimen. The impact ram
includes the impact nose.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 assembly support fixture, n—the assembly or structure 3.1.9 instrumented impact testing, n—additional apparatus
that supports the test specimen.
attached to the impact ram to provide for the load versus
deformation responses of fenestration components and assem-
3.1.2 component (fenestration), n—an individual product
blies under various impact conditions.
that combines with other components to make up a complete
fenestration assembly.
3.1.10 plastic glazing sheet material, n—an organic plastic
sheet specifically developed for glazing.
1 3.1.11 required impact energy, n—the potential energy level
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51
specified for a single impact event to be applied in the test as
on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.
required by the specifying authority.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006. Published October 2006. Originally
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E2025–99. DOI:
3.1.12 required impact sequence, n—the number of impact
10.1520/E2025-99R06.
events and the required impact energy for each event to be
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
applied to a specimen in the test and the order in which the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on eventsaretobeappliedasrequiredbythespecifyingauthority.
the ASTM website.
3.1.13 required cumulative energy, n—thesumoftheimpact
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. energy times the number of each such impact events for the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2025 − 99 (2006)
entire required impact sequence to be applied to a specimen in specimen at impact. No slack in the supporting cables is
the test as required by the specifying authority. allowed when retracting the impact ram to the specified drop
height. The length of the cables in the suspension system
3.1.14 test specimen, n—the fenestration assembly, impact
defines the allowable drop height for that system. To prevent
protection system or glazing in-fill, which is subject to the
impactramwobble,itisnecessarytousetwopairsofcablesof
impact energies delivered by the impact ram.
sufficient separation that, hanging unrestrained, are parallel to
4. Summary of Test Method each other when viewed perpendicular to the long axis of the
impact ram.
4.1 This test method consists of installing a fenestration
6.1.4 Use a quick release mechanism that is capable of
component,fenestrationassembly,orimpactprotectionsystem
holding the impact ram and releasing it in uniform manner
in a wall assembly and impacting the test specimen.
withoutimpartinganyforwardmotionoracceleration.Provide
4.2 The impact is applied by an impact ram supported by a
a means to assure that the impact ram does not unintentionally
pendulum system and released from a specified height.
strikethespecimenaftertheinitialimpact,thatis,reboundand
strike the specimen again.
5. Significance and Use
6.1.5 The nose of the impact ram shall be of any material,
5.1 This test method is intended for determining the ability
shape,size,orsurfaceasspecifiedandwithintheweightlimits
of a fenestration component, fenestration assembly, or impact
for the impact device. Standardize the impact nose specified
protection system to resist specified impact energies.
and referenced for particular tests. Impact nose substitutions
5.2 The test apparatus, referenced herein, is capable of
shall meet the criteria of hardness, shape, and composition
applying a variety of impacts to a specimen as the impactor
specified for the impact nose by the test protocol. Adjust the
head may be fabricated into a variety of shapes and from
impactramlengthforthespecifiedimpactnosetocomplywith
materialshavingdifferentdegreesofhardness.Theuserisable
impact device system weight limits.
to simulate a specific type of impact and the impact energy
NOTE 2—Variations in impact nose specifications or composition may
with this apparatus.
affect test results.
5.3 There is a need to correlate the damage to fenestration
6.1.5.1 Unless otherwise specified, the impact nose shall be
assemblies from the impacts in question with the impacts
2.5 6 0.2 in. (63 mm 6 5 mm) in diameter and the radial
deliveredbythetestapparatusinorderforthetestresultstobe
tolerance shall be within 0.125 in. (3.2 mm).The nose shall be
properly interpreted. Due to the nature of the test apparatus,
made from cast epoxy-polyamide resin with a measured Shore
care must be taken when interpreting the results of a specific
A durometer hardness of 80 (6 5). No chips or surface
test to actual performance in the field. The impact energies
blemishes shall be present on the impact nose.
involvedinapendulumimpactcannotbedirectlytransferredto
impact energies applied by other devices, for example, projec- 6.2 An assembly support fixture shall supply the rigidity
tiles; therefore, the performance of a specimen to the impacts normally provided to an assembly in a building by the ceiling,
floor, and walls. The support fixture for the specimen shall
applied by this test method are not directly transferable to
performance in actual use. The application of impact energies consist of a vertical wall section constructed from nominal
steel or 2 × 4-in. wood studs, 16 in. (406 mm) on center, with
to a specimen, as applied in this test method, however, does
provide valuable information regarding the ability of the a rough opening of sufficient size to support the test specimen.
Installthespecimenintotheroughopeninginaccordancewith
specimen to resist damage when impacted.
the manufacturer specifications with clearances between the
NOTE 1—Use Test Method E1886 for determining the performance of
specimen and rough opening no greater than 0.75 in. (18 mm)
fenestration components subjected to impacts from windborne debris in a
on all sides of the specimen. Cover both sides of the vertical
windstorm environment.
wallsectionwith ⁄2in.(12.7mm)exteriorgradeplywood.The
5.4 When using this test method to compare the perfor-
assembly shall conform to the wall assembly described in Test
mance of products the same impact nose, impact device mass
Methods F476. The limiting deflection of the wall shall be
and impact speed must be applied to each product tested.
L/175 (based on the anticipated loads).
6. Apparatus
6.3 Standard Test Frame—To test glazed panels, design the
6.1 Impact Device—A variable mass moving carriage (im- standard test frame to support a rectangular specimen in a
pact ram), supported by a suspension system of four cables, vertical plane and expose it to impact energies. Construct the
shall be used to supply the specified level of impact energy. frame of 2-in. (50-mm) steel angles, at least ⁄4-in. (6.4-mm)
6.1.1 Theimpactdeviceshallbeapendulumsystemwithan thick, welded at all four corners to form a rigid assembly.
impact ram capable of delivering the specified horizontal Support the assembly is with a support fixture similar to that
impact energy. described in 6.2. Line that part of the test frame that comes in
6.1.2 The mass of the (movable) suspension system shall contact with the glazed panel with hardwood stripping. The
3 3
notexceed5%ofthemassoftheimpactram,includingimpact wood stripping in turn is to be covered with ⁄8 × ⁄4 in. (9.5 ×
ram
...

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1.8 This test method describes two methods of preparation for the building in order to conduct the test: the building envelope where HVAC-related openings are excluded, and on the operational envelope where the HVAC-related openings are included.  
1.9 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance...

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ASTM
ASTM C727-19(2024)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Installation and Use of Reflective Insulation in Building Constructions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice recognizes that effectiveness, safety, and durability of reflective insulation depends not only on the quality of the insulating materials, but also on proper installation.  
4.2 There is potential for reduced thermal effectiveness, fire risks and structural deterioration when the insulation is improperly installed. Specific potential hazards from improper installation include fires caused by (1) heat build-up in recessed lighting fixtures, and (2) deterioration in wood structures and paint failure due to moisture accumulation.  
4.3 This practice provides procedures for the installation of reflective insulation in a safe and effective manner. Actual conditions in existing buildings vary greatly and in some cases additional care must be taken to ensure safe and effective installation.  
4.4 This practice presents requirements that are general in nature and practical. They are not intended as specific installation instructions. The user shall consult the manufacturer for specific applications/installations.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice has been prepared for use by the designer, specifier, and installer of reflective insulation for use in building construction. The scope is limited to recommendations relative to the use and installation of thermal insulation consisting of one or more surfaces, having an emittance of 0.1 or less such as metallic foil or metallic deposits unmounted or mounted on substrates and facing enclosed air spaces. The reflective insulation covered by this practice must meet the requirements of Specification C1224.  
1.2 This practice covers the installation process from pre-installation inspection through post-installation procedure. It does not cover the production of the insulation materials.  
1.3 This practice is not intended to replace the manufacturer's installation instructions, but shall be used in conjunction with such instructions. This practice is not intended to supercede local, state, or federal codes.  
1.4 This practice assumes that the installer possesses a good working knowledge of the applicable codes and regulations, safety practices, tools, equipment, and methods necessary for the installation of thermal insulation materials. It also assumes that the installer understands the fundamentals of construction that affect the installation of insulation.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1363-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Thermal Performance of Building Materials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a Hot Box Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A need exists for accurate data on heat transfer through insulated structures at representative test conditions. The data are needed to judge compliance with specifications and regulations, for design guidance, for research evaluations of the effect of changes in materials or constructions, and for verification of, or use in, simulation models. Other ASTM standards such as Test Methods C177 and C518 provide data on homogeneous specimens bounded by temperature controlled flat impervious plates. The hot box test method is more suitable for providing such data for large building elements, usually of a built-up or composite nature, which are exposed to temperature-controlled air on both sides.  
5.2 For the results to be representative of a building construction, only representative sections shall be tested. The test specimen shall duplicate the framing geometry, material composition and installation practice, and orientation of construction (see Section 7).  
5.3 This test method does not establish test conditions, specimen configuration, or data acquisition details but leaves these choices to be made in a manner consistent with the specific application being considered. Data obtained by the use of this test method is representative of the specimen performance only for the conditions of the test. It is unlikely that the test conditions will exactly duplicate in-use conditions and the user of the test results must be cautioned of possible significant differences. For example, in some specimens, especially those containing empty cavities or cavities open to one surface, the overall resistance or transmittance will depend upon the temperature difference across the test specimen due to internal convection.  
5.4 Detailed heat flow analysis shall precede the use of the hot box apparatus for large, complex structures. A structure that contains cavity spaces between adjacent surfaces, for example, an attic section including a ceiling with sloping roof, may be difficult...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method establishes the principles for the design of a hot box apparatus and the minimum requirements for the determination of the steady state thermal performance of building assemblies when exposed to controlled laboratory conditions. This method is also used to measure the thermal performance of a building material at standardized test conditions such as those required in material Specifications C739, C764, C1224 and Practice C1373.  
1.2 This test method is used for large homogeneous or non-homogeneous specimens. This test method applies to building structures or composite assemblies of building materials for which it is possible to build a representative specimen that fits the test apparatus. The dimensions of specimen projections or recesses are controlled by the design of the hot box apparatus. Some hot boxes are limited to planar or nearly planar specimens. However, larger hot boxes have been used to characterize projecting skylights and attic sections. See 3.2 for a definition of the test specimen and other terms specific to this method.
Note 1: This test method replaces Test Methods C236, the Guarded Hot Box, and C976, the Calibrated Hot Box which have been withdrawn. Test apparatus designed and operated previously under Test Methods C236 and C976 will require slight modifications to the calibration and operational procedures to meet the requirements of Test Method C1363.2  
1.3 A properly designed and operated hot box apparatus is directly analogous to the Test Method C177 guarded hot plate for testing large specimens exposed to air induced temperature differences. The operation of a hot box apparatus requires a significant number of fundamental measurements of temperatures, areas and power. The equipment performing these measurements requires calibration to ensure that the data are accurate. During initial setup and periodic verification testing, each measurement system and sensor is calibrat...

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ASTM
ASTM E2357-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate of Air Barrier Assemblies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method is intended to simulate the performance of various air barrier materials/accessories when combined into an assembly. Based upon the results of the measurements, this procedure then assigns an air leakage rating for the air barrier assembly.  
5.2 This method does not purport to establish all criteria necessary for consideration in the selection of an air barrier assembly. The results are intended to be used for comparison purposes and may not represent the field installed performance of the air barrier assembly when installed as part of an air barrier system in a building. However, the results of these tests may be useful in determining the appropriate use of a specified air barrier system assembly.  
5.3 This method does not purport to establish all criteria necessary for air barrier systems of all construction types. Test Method E2178 provides an air permeance test method for testing of some air barrier materials. Specification E1677 provides a specification for air barrier systems for low-rise framed building walls.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the air leakage rate of air barrier assemblies that are used in building enclosures. This procedure measures the air leakage of a representative air barrier assembly before and after exposure to specific conditioning cycles and then assigns a rating dependent upon the results. Although this is a laboratory procedure, the method may also be applied to site mockups.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E970-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Exposed Attic Floor Insulation Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This fire-test-response standard is designed to provide a basis for estimating one aspect of the fire exposure behavior to exposed insulation installed on the floors of building attics. The test environment is intended to simulate conditions that have been observed and defined in full-scale attic experiments.  
5.2 The test is intended to be suitable for regulatory statutes, specification acceptance, design purposes, or development and research.  
5.3 The fundamental assumption inherent in the test is that critical radiant flux is one measure of the surface burning characteristics of exposed insulation on floors or between joists of attics.  
5.4 The test is applicable to attic floor insulation specimens that follow or simulate accepted installation practice.  
5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory fire test exposure conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the anticipated end-use conditions are changed, caution should be used to predict changes in the performance characteristics measured by or from this test. Therefore, the results are strictly valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.  
5.5.1 If the test results obtained by this test method are to be considered in the total assessment of fire hazard in a building structure, then all pertinent established criteria for fire hazard assessment developed by Committee E-5 must be included in the consideration.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a procedure for measuring the critical radiant flux of exposed attic floor insulation subjected to a flaming ignition source in a graded radiant heat energy environment in a test chamber. The specimen is any attic floor insulation. This test method is not applicable to those insulations that melt or shrink away when exposed to the radiant heat energy environment or the pilot burner.  
1.2 This fire-test-response standard measures the critical radiant flux at the point at which the flame advances the farthest. It provides a basis for estimating one aspect of fire exposure behavior for exposed attic floor insulation. The imposed radiant flux simulates the thermal radiation levels likely to impinge on the floors of attics whose upper surfaces are heated by the sun through the roof or by flames from an incidental fire in the attic. This fire-test-response standard was developed to simulate an important fire exposure component of fires that develop in attics, but is not intended for use in estimating flame spread behavior of insulation installed other than on the attic floor.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizatio...

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