ASTM F1867-06(2020)

Standard Practice for Installation of Folded/Formed Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe Type A for Existing Sewer and Conduit Rehabilitation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is for use by designers, and specifies regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations involved in the rehabilitation of non-pressure sewers and conduits. Modifications may be required, depending on specific job conditions, to establish a project specification. The manufacturer of the product should be consulted for design and installation information. Industrial waste disposal lines should be installed only with the specific approval of the cognizant code authority, since chemicals not commonly found in drains and sewers and temperatures in excess of 140 °F (60 °C) may be encountered.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for the rehabilitation of sewer lines and conduits 4 in. (102 mm) to 18 in. (457 mm) in diameter by the insertion of a folded/formed PVC pipe that is heated, pressurized, and expanded to conform to the wall of the original conduit forming a new structural pipe-within-a-pipe. This rehabilitation process can be used in a variety of gravity applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, and process piping.  
1.2 This practice is to be used with the material specified in Section 6 of Specification F1871.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 There is no similar or equivalent ISO Standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Nov-2020
• ICS: 23.040.20 - Plastics pipes
• ICS: 83.080.20 - Thermoplastic materials
• Technical Committee: F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
• Drafting Committee: F17.67 - Trenchless Plastic Pipeline Technology

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F1867 − 06 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Practice for
Installation of Folded/Formed Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Pipe Type A for Existing Sewer and Conduit Rehabilitation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1867; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics
Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
1.1 Thispracticecoverstheproceduresfortherehabilitation
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
of sewer lines and conduits 4 in. (102 mm) to 18 in. (457 mm)
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
in diameter by the insertion of a folded/formed PVC pipe that
als
is heated, pressurized, and expanded to conform to the wall of
D1600 TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
the original conduit forming a new structural pipe-within-a-
tics
pipe. This rehabilitation process can be used in a variety of
D1784 Classification System and Basis for Specification for
gravity applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, and
Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and Chlo-
process piping.
rinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds
1.2 This practice is to be used with the material specified in
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
Section 6 of Specification F1871.
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
F1417 Practice for Installation Acceptance of Plastic Non-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only pressure Sewer Lines Using Low-Pressure Air
F1871 Specification for Folded/Formed Poly (Vinyl Chlo-
and are not considered standard.
ride) Pipe Type A for Existing Sewer and Conduit Reha-
1.4 There is no similar or equivalent ISO Standard.
bilitation
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.2 Uni-Bell Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
UNI-B-5-89 Recommended Practice for the Installation of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Sewer Pipe
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
nology F412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- nology D1600, unless otherwise indicated. The abbreviation
for poly(vinyl chloride) plastics is PVC.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 3.1.1 The term TYPEAis not an abbreviation but rather an
arbitrary designation for PVC compounds with a minimum
2. Referenced Documents
value for modulus in tension as listed in 6.1 and a maximum
value as defined by cell limit 1 of Specification D1784.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 dimples(dimpling),n—Whereasideconnectionmeets
the existing conduit, there is no support for the PVC pipe
This standard is under the jurisdiction of Committee F17 on Plastic Piping
during forming, causing a point of thermoplastic pipe expan-
Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on Trenchless
sion slightly beyond the existing pipe wall. This formation of
Plastic Pipeline Technology.
an external departure from the formed pipe wall is termed
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2020. Published November 2020. Originally
dimpling.
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F1867 – 06(2012).
DOI: 10.1520/F1867-06R20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, 201 E. John Carpenter
the ASTM website. Freeway, Suite 750 Irving, TX 75062, http://www.uni-bell.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1867 − 06 (2020)
3.2.2 flattened pipe, n—a flattened pipe has been manufac- 3.2.8 termination point, n—An existing manhole, existing
tured and calibrated round, then subsequently cooled and access shaft, or an excavated pit that serves as the point of exit
deformed into a flattened shape for coiling purposes. Later, at of the folded pipe from the existing pipe.
thetimeofinstallationattheprojectsite,theflattenedpipewill
be formed into the folded shape when inserted into the existing 4. Significance and Use
sewer and conduit rehabilitation.
4.1 This practice is for use by designers, and specifies
regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations in-
3.2.3 folded pipe, n—pipe that has been manufactured and
volved in the rehabilitation of non-pressure sewers and con-
calibrated round, then subsequently cooled and deformed into
duits. Modifications may be required, depending on specific
a folded shape for use in existing sewer and conduit rehabili-
job conditions, to establish a project specification. The manu-
tation (see Fig. 1).
facturer of the product should be consulted for design and
3.2.4 formed field sample, n—A formed field sample is
installation information. Industrial waste disposal lines should
formedwhenthefoldedpipehasbeeninsertedintoamoldpipe
be installed only with the specific approval of the cognizant
and expanded with steam heat and pressure.
code authority, since chemicals not commonly found in drains
3.2.5 formed pipe, n—a folded pipe that has been inserted
and sewers and temperatures in excess of 140 °F (60 °C) may
intoanexistingsewerorconduitandexpandedwithsteamheat
be encountered.
and pressure, and, if required by the manufacturer, with a
squeegee device or similar device to provide a close fit to the
5. Materials
existing pipe (see Fig. 1).
5.1 The folded/formed PVC liner pipe should be made from
3.2.6 insertion point, n—An existing manhole, existing
PVC compound, meeting all the requirements for cell classi-
access shaft, or an excavation that serves as the point of
fication 12111 as defined in Specification D1784 and with
entrance for the folded pipe into the existing pipe.
minimum physical properties as listed.
3.2.7 liner, n—PVC formed pipe fully functional as a pipe
NOTE 1—If required by the user, chemical resistance tests will be
within a rehabilitated pipe. supplied by the pipe manufacturer.
NOTE 1—This figure is intended only for clarification of terms specific to this practice and shows a representative folded pipe shape. Other folded pipe
shapes may meet the requirements of this practice.
FIG. 1 Folder Pipe and Formed Pipe—Clarification of Terms
F1867 − 06 (2020)
tion. Typically, with bends along the pipe length in excess of
Tensile Strength Test Method 3600 PSI (25 MPa)
D638
30°, the manufacturer shall be consulted.
Tensile Modulus Test Method 155 000 PSI (1069 MPa)
6.1.5 Bypassing—If flow cannot be interrupted for the
D638
Flexural Strength Test Method 4100 PSI (28 MPa) necessary duration, bypassing of flow is required around the
D790
sections of the existing pipeline designated for rehabilitation.
Flexural Modulus Test Method 145 000 PSI (1000 MPa)
The pump and bypass lines should be of adequate capacity and
D790
size to handle any flows during the installation period. The
Heat Deflection Test Method 115 °F (46 °C)
D648
bypass should be made by plugging the line at the point
Temperature Tested at 264 (2 MPa)
upstream of the pipe to be reconstructed and pumping the flow
psi
to a downstream point or adjacent system. Services within this
5.1.1 Compounds meeting the above minimum properties
work area will be temporarily out of service.
that have different cell classifications because one or more
6.1.6 Public advisory services will be required to notify all
properties are greater to those of the specified compounds are
parties whose service lateral will be out of commission and to
also acceptable, except modulus in tension shall not exceed
advise against water usage until the main line is back in
280 000 psi.
service.
5.2 Rework Material—Clean rework material from this type
6.2 Insertion:
of pipe, generated from the manufacturer’s own pipe produc-
6.2.1 Thereelofflattenedpipeshouldbepositionednearthe
tion may be used by the same manufacturer provided that the
insertion point. The end of the reel of flattened pipe should be
rework material meets all the requirements of 5.1.
tapered and have holes drilled for the attachment of a pulling
head. If recommended by the manufacturer, the coil of flat-
6. Installation Recommendations
tened pipe may be heated to approximately 180 °F prior to
6.1 Cleaning and Inspection:
insertion. An enclosure should be designed so that hot air is
6.1.1 Access Safety—Prior to entering access areas such as
continually exiting from it and not allowing ambient air to be
manholes, and performing inspection or cleaning operations,
drawn in.
an evaluation of the atmosphere to determine the presence of
6.2.2 A steel cable should be strung through the existing
toxicorflammablevaporsorlackofoxygenmustbeconducted
conduit and attached to the beveled cut end of the folded pipe.
in accordance with local, state, or federal safety regulations.
The folded pipe should be pulled with a power winch unit and
6.1.2 Cleaning of Pipeline—Internal debris should be re-
cable directly from the reel, through the insertion point, and
moved from the existing pipeline. Gravity pipes should be
through the existing pipe to the termination point and extend-
cleaned with one or more of the following: hydraulically
ing 4 ft (1.2 mm) beyond. The pulling force should be
poweredequipment,highvelocityjetcleaners,ormechanically
monitored and limited to the allowable tensile stress of the
powered equipment.
folded pipe (50 % of yield at 212 °F) times the pipe wall
6.1.3 Inspection of Pipelines—The interior of the pipeline
cross-sectional area.
should be carefully inspected to determine the location of any
6.2.3 After insertion is completed, the pipe should be
condition that may prevent proper installation of the folded
secured at the termination end.
pipe, such as protruding service taps, collapsed or crushed
6.3 Expansion:
pipe, out-of-roundness, significant line sags, and deflected
6.3.1 Through the use of heat, pressure, and, , the folded
joints. These conditions should be noted, and, if deemed
pipe should be fully expanded. The liner pipe shall be fully
necessary by the end-user, corrected prior to installation.
expanded through the use of time, heat and pressure. Time,
Inspection of pipelines should be performed by experienced
temperature and pressure must be sufficient to overcome the
personnel trained in locating breaks, obstacles, and service
extrusion memory of the thermoplastic material. The manufac-
connections by closed circuit television.
turer must be consulted as to the suggested times, temperatures
6.1.4 Line Obstructions—The existing pipeline should be
and pressure. Expansion pressures must be sufficient to press
clear of obstructions that will prevent the proper insertion and
the PVC liner pipe against the wall of the existing conduit so
expansion of the folded pipe. Such conditions require access at
as to neatly and tightly fit the internal circumference of the
these points for termination and start of a new insertion.
existing line and to form dimples at the service connections.
Changes in pipe size may be accommodated, if the wall
thickness of the liner pipe has been designed for expansion. NOTE 2—Folded pipe expansion pressures are typically in the range of
3 to 5 psi (20.6 to 34.4 kPa), but may vary based on field conditions.
Obstructions could include dropped or offset joints of more
than 12.5 % of inside pipe diameter and service connections 6.3.2 The manufacturer shall specify the proper expansion
that protrude into the pipe more than 12.5 % of the inside pressure and duration of the expansion pressure for the specific
diameter of 1 in. (25 mm), whichever is greater. Other product being installed. The specified pressure shall be suffi-
obstructions may be reduction of the cross-sectional area of cient to expand the pipe at local deformities and allow for
more than 14 % (based on the inside diameter of the existing complete dimpling at side connections.
pipe), which may be the result of point repairs or patches, and 6.3.3 Cool-down—The formed pipe should be cooled to a
would prevent the folded pipe from totally and properly temperaturebelow100°F(38°C)beforerelievingthepressure
forming. If inspection reveals an obstruction that cannot be required to hold the PVC pipe against the existing pipe wall.
removed by cleaning or rodding, then a point repair excavation This cool-down procedure may take approximately one half to
should be made to uncover and remove or repair the obstruc- one hour.
F1867 − 06 (2020)
NOTE 4—The leakage test is intended to evaluate the water tightness of
6.3.4 After the formed pipe has cooled down, the terminat-
pipe lengths before service laterals have been reinstated.
ing ends should be trimmed to a minimum of 3 in. (76.2 mm)
beyond the existing pipe as allowance for possible shrinkage 7.3 Field Sampling—For each insertion length designated
during cooling to ambient temperature. by the owner in the contract documents or purchase order, a
rounded field sample should be prepared at the insertion or
6.4 Service Connections—After the formed pipe has been
termination point, or both, by installing the folded PVC pipe
installed, the existing active service connections should be
into a mold pipe.The mold pipe shall be of like diameter to the
reconnected, unless otherwise specified by the owner. This
existing pipe and should be a minimum of one diameter in
should be done without excavation from the interior of the
length. The following test procedures should be followed after
pipeline by means of a television camera and a remote control
the sample is expanded and cooled down as an integral part of
device used to re-establish the service connections.
the folded PVC instal
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1867 − 06 (Reapproved 2012) F1867 − 06 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Practice for
Installation of Folded/Formed Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Pipe Type A for Existing Sewer and Conduit Rehabilitation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1867; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for the rehabilitation of sewer lines and conduits 4 in. (102 mm) to 18 in. (457 mm) in
diameter by the insertion of a folded/formed PVC pipe that is heated, pressurized, and expanded to conform to the wall of the
original conduit forming a new structural pipe-within-a-pipe. This rehabilitation process can be used in a variety of gravity
applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, and process piping.
1.2 This practice is to be used with the material specified in Section 6 of Specification F1871.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 There is no similar or equivalent ISO Standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 There is no similar or equivalent ISO Standard.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D1784 Classification System and Basis for Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and Chlorinated
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds
This standard is under the jurisdiction of Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on Trenchless Plastic Pipeline
Technology.
Current edition approved April 1, 2012Nov. 15, 2020. Published May 2012November 2020. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20062012
as F1867 – 06.F1867 – 06(2012). DOI: 10.1520/F1867-06R12.10.1520/F1867-06R20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1867 − 06 (2020)
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
F1417 Practice for Installation Acceptance of Plastic Non-pressure Sewer Lines Using Low-Pressure Air
F1871 Specification for Folded/Formed Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Pipe Type A for Existing Sewer and Conduit Rehabilitation
2.2 Uni-Bell Standard:
UNI-B-5-89 Recommended Practice for the Installation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Sewer Pipe
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology
D1600, unless otherwise indicated. The abbreviation for poly(vinyl chloride) plastics is PVC.
3.1.1 The term TYPE A is not an abbreviation but rather an arbitrary designation for PVC compounds with a minimum value for
modulus in tension as listed in 6.1 and a maximum value as defined by cell limit 1 of Specification D1784.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 dimples (dimpling), n—Where a side connection meets the existing conduit, there is no support for the PVC pipe during
forming, causing a point of thermoplastic pipe expansion slightly beyond the existing pipe wall. This formation of an external
departure from the formed pipe wall is termed dimpling.
3.2.2 flattened pipe, n—a flattened pipe has been manufactured and calibrated round, then subsequently cooled and deformed into
a flattened shape for coiling purposes. Later, at the time of installation at the project site, the flattened pipe will be formed into
the folded shape when inserted into the existing sewer and conduit rehabilitation.
NOTE 1—This figure is intended only for clarification of terms specific to this practice and shows a representative folded pipe shape. Other folded pipe
shapes may meet the requirements of this practice.
FIG. 1 Folder Pipe and Formed Pipe—Clarification of Terms
Available from Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, 2711 LBJ 201 E. John Carpenter Freeway, Suite 1000, Dallas,750 Irving, TX 75234,75062, http://www.uni-bell.org.
F1867 − 06 (2020)
3.2.3 folded pipe, n—pipe that has been manufactured and calibrated round, then subsequently cooled and deformed into a folded
shape for use in existing sewer and conduit rehabilitation (see Fig. 1).
3.2.4 formed field sample, n—A formed field sample is formed when the folded pipe has been inserted into a mold pipe and
expanded with steam heat and pressure.
3.2.5 formed pipe, n—a folded pipe that has been inserted into an existing sewer or conduit and expanded with steam heat and
pressure, and, if required by the manufacturer, with a squeegee device or similar device to provide a close fit to the existing pipe
(see Fig. 1).
3.2.6 insertion point, n—An existing manhole, existing access shaft, or an excavation that serves as the point of entrance for the
folded pipe into the existing pipe.
3.2.7 liner, n—PVC formed pipe fully functional as a pipe within a rehabilitated pipe.
3.2.8 termination point, n—An existing manhole, existing access shaft, or an excavated pit that serves as the point of exit of the
folded pipe from the existing pipe.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice is for use by designers, and specifies regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations involved in the
rehabilitation of non-pressure sewers and conduits. Modifications may be required, depending on specific job conditions, to
establish a project specification. The manufacturer of the product should be consulted for design and installation information.
Industrial waste disposal lines should be installed only with the specific approval of the cognizant code authority, since chemicals
not commonly found in drains and sewers and temperatures in excess of 140 °F (60 °C) may be encountered.
5. Materials
5.1 The folded/formed PVC liner pipe should be made from PVC compound, meeting all the requirements for cell classification
12111 as defined in Specification D1784 and with minimum physical properties as listed.
NOTE 1—If required by the user, chemical resistance tests will be supplied by the pipe manufacturer.
Tensile Strength Test Method 3600 PSI (25 MPa)
D638
Tensile Modulus Test Method 155 000 PSI (1069 MPa)
D638
Flexural Strength Test Method 4100 PSI (28 MPa)
D790
Flexural Modulus Test Method 145 000 PSI (1000 MPa)
D790
Heat Deflection Test Method 115 °F (46 °C)
D648
Temperature Tested at 264 (2 MPa)
psi
5.1.1 Compounds meeting the above minimum properties that have different cell classifications because one or more properties
are greater to those of the specified compounds are also acceptable, except modulus in tension shall not exceed 280 000 psi.
5.2 Rework Material—Clean rework material from this type of pipe, generated from the manufacturer’s own pipe production may
be used by the same manufacturer provided that the rework material meets all the requirements of 5.1.
6. Installation Recommendations
6.1 Cleaning and Inspection:
6.1.1 Access Safety—Prior to entering access areas such as manholes, and performing inspection or cleaning operations, an
F1867 − 06 (2020)
evaluation of the atmosphere to determine the presence of toxic or flammable vapors or lack of oxygen must be conducted in
accordance with local, state, or federal safety regulations.
6.1.2 Cleaning of Pipeline—Internal debris should be removed from the existing pipeline. Gravity pipes should be cleaned with
one or more of the following: hydraulically powered equipment, high velocity jet cleaners, or mechanically powered equipment.
6.1.3 Inspection of Pipelines—The interior of the pipeline should be carefully inspected to determine the location of any condition
that may prevent proper installation of the folded pipe, such as protruding service taps, collapsed or crushed pipe, out-of-roundness,
significant line sags, and deflected joints. These conditions should be noted, and, if deemed necessary by the end-user, corrected
prior to installation. Inspection of pipelines should be performed by experienced personnel trained in locating breaks, obstacles,
and service connections by closed circuit television.
6.1.4 Line Obstructions—The existing pipeline should be clear of obstructions that will prevent the proper insertion and expansion
of the folded pipe. Such conditions require access at these points for termination and start of a new insertion. Changes in pipe size
may be accommodated, if the wall thickness of the liner pipe has been designed for expansion. Obstructions could include dropped
or offset joints of more than 12.5 % of inside pipe diameter and service connections that protrude into the pipe more than 12.5 %
of the inside diameter of 1 in. (25 mm), whichever is greater. Other obstructions may be reduction of the cross-sectional area of
more than 14 % (based on the inside diameter of the existing pipe), which may be the result of point repairs or patches, and would
prevent the folded pipe from totally and properly forming. If inspection reveals an obstruction that cannot be removed by cleaning
or rodding, then a point repair excavation should be made to uncover and remove or repair the obstruction. Typically, with bends
along the pipe length in excess of 30°, the manufacturer shall be consulted.
6.1.5 Bypassing—If flow cannot be interrupted for the necessary duration, bypassing of flow is required around the sections of the
existing pipeline designated for rehabilitation. The pump and bypass lines should be of adequate capacity and size to handle any
flows during the installation period. The bypass should be made by plugging the line at the point upstream of the pipe to be
reconstructed and pumping the flow to a downstream point or adjacent system. Services within this work area will be temporarily
out of service.
6.1.6 Public advisory services will be required to notify all parties whose service lateral will be out of commission and to advise
against water usage until the main line is back in service.
6.2 Insertion:
6.2.1 The reel of flattened pipe should be positioned near the insertion point. The end of the reel of flattened pipe should be tapered
and have holes drilled for the attachment of a pulling head. If recommended by the manufacturer, the coil of flattened pipe may
be heated to approximately180°F approximately 180 °F prior to insertion. An enclosure should be designed so that hot air is
continually exiting from it and not allowing ambient air to be drawn in.
6.2.2 A steel cable should be strung through the existing conduit and attached to the beveled cut end of the folded pipe. The folded
pipe should be pulled with a power winch unit and cable directly from the reel, through the insertion point, and through the existing
pipe to the termination point and extending 4 ft (1.2 mm) beyond. The pulling force should be monitored and limited to the
allowable tensile stress of the folded pipe (50 % of yield at 212°F)212 °F) times the pipe wall cross-sectional area.
6.2.3 After insertion is completed, the pipe should be secured at the termination end.
6.3 Expansion:
6.3.1 Through the use of heat, pressure, and, , the folded pipe should be fully expanded. The liner pipe shall be fully expanded
through the use of time, heat and pressure. Time, temperature and pressure must be sufficient to overcome the extrusion memory
of the thermoplastic material. The manufacturer must be consulted as to the suggested times, temperatures and pressure. Expansion
pressures must be sufficient to press the PVC liner pipe against the wall of the existing conduit so as to neatly and tightly fit the
internal circumference of the existing line and to form dimples at the service connections.
NOTE 2—Folded pipe expansion pressures are typically in the range of 3 to 5 psi (20.6 to 34.4 kPa), but may vary based on field conditions.
F1867 − 06 (2020)
6.3.2 The manufacturer shall specify the proper expansion pressure and duration of the expansion pressure for the specific product
being installed. The specified pressure shall be sufficient to expand the pipe at local deformities and allow for complete dimpling
at side connections.
6.3.3 Cool-down—The formed pipe should be cooled to a temperature below 100 °F (38 °C) before relieving the pressure required
to hold the PVC pipe against the existing pipe wall. This cool-down procedure may take approximately one half to one hour.
6.3.4 After the formed pipe has cooled down, the terminating ends should be trimmed to a minimum of 3 in. (76.2 mm) beyond
the existing pipe as allowance for possible shrinkage during cooling to ambient temperature.
6.4 Service Connections—After the formed pipe has been installed, the existing active service connections should be reconnected,
unless otherwise specified by the owner. This should be done without excavation from the interior of the pipeline by means of a
television camera and a remote control device used to re-establish the service connections.
NOTE 3—In many cases, a seal is provided whe
...