ASTM D279-87(1997)

Standard Test Methods for Bleeding of Pigments

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the bleeding characteristics of dry pigments by direct solvent extraction of the pigment and by overstriping a film with a white coating and observing for the color migration from the base coat containing the pigment.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.>

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Nov-1997
• ICS: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.31 - Pigment Specifications

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D279-02 - Standard Test Methods for Bleeding of Pigments
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 279 – 87 (Reapproved 1997)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Methods for
Bleeding of Pigments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 279; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope a stopper, shake well for 10 s, and let stand 15 min. Repeat the
10-s shake and let stand 45 min.
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining
the bleeding characteristics of dry pigments by direct solvent
NOTE 1—Additional amounts of pigment may be used by prior agree-
extraction of the pigment and by overstriping a film with a ment for denser inorganic pigments. A maximum of 1.5 g is recommended
for even the dense lead chromate pigments.
white coating and observing for the color migration from the
NOTE 2—Other solvents may be used, by mutual agreement between
base coat containing the pigment.
the parties involved, in place of toluene in a specific pigment bleed
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
evaluation.
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Filter through a glass funnel using double filter paper
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
that has first been wet with toluene and collect approximately
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
10 mL of filtrate. If the filtrate is cloudy, refilter to get a clear
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
filtrate.
2. Summary of Test Methods
NOTE 3—In the case of colloidal particles, it may be necessary to
2.1 Test Method A—The pigment is shaken with toluene,
centrifuge the filtrate.
filtered, and the filtrate observed for color.
4.3 Hold the test tube containing the filtrate above a white
2.2 Test Method B—A coating using the pigment under test
background and look down through the filtrate for coloration
is prepared and applied to one half of a panel. A white finish is
caused by pigment bleed. Describe the degree or severity of
applied over the dried colored coating and extended to the
bleed according to the following terminology:
uncoated portion of the panel. The dried overstripe coating is
4.3.1 None—No perceptible color (that is, no bleed).
examined for color migration from the base coat.
4.3.2 Slight—A faint but distinct coloration.
4.3.3 Moderate—A pronounced but not severe coloration.
3. Significance and Use
4.3.4 Severe—An intense coloration.
3.1 Test Method A determines the amount of color produced
TEST METHOD B, WHITE OVERSTRIPE OF A
when the pigment is in direct contact with a selected solvent
PIGMENTED FILM
such as toluene. It is useful as a rapid, easily conducted test of
the general bleeding characteristics of pigments.
5. Procedure
3.2 Test Method B determines the amount of color migra-
5.1 Prepare a coating of agreed upon composition, using the
tion into a white film appli
...