ASTM D2829-97
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling and Analysis of Built-Up Roofs
Standard Practice for Sampling and Analysis of Built-Up Roofs
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is a guide for removing test specimens from built-up roofing systems in the field and for determining the approximate quantities of the components of that specimen (Note 1). Components determined may be:
1.1.1 Insulation components when they are part of the roof membrane system,
1.1.2 Plies of roofing felt,
1.1.3 Interply layers of bituminous material,
1.1.4 Top coating, and
1.1.5 Surfacing.
Note 1-This procedure is for the investigation of problems in existing roofs and is not intended for new construction inspection.
1.2 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary information, see 6.3.2.1.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D2829–97
Standard Practice for
Sampling and Analysis of Built-Up Roofs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2829; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 2178 Specification for Asphalt Glass Felt Used in Roof-
ing and Waterproofing
1.1 This practice is a guide for removing test specimens
D 2626 Specification for Asphalt-Saturated and Coated Or-
from built-up roofing systems in the field and for determining
ganic Felt Base Sheet Used in Roofing
the approximate quantities of the components of that specimen
D 3158 Specification for Asphalt-Saturated and Coated Or-
(Note 1). Components determined may be:
ganic Felt Used in Roofing
1.1.1 Insulation components when they are part of the roof
D 3617 Practice for Sampling and Analysis of New
membrane system,
Built-Up Roof Membranes
1.1.2 Plies of roofing felt,
D 3672 Specification for Venting Asphalt-Saturated and
1.1.3 Interply layers of bituminous material,
Coated Inorganic Felt Base Sheet Used in Roofing
1.1.4 Top coating, and
D 3909 Specification for Asphalt Roll Roofing (Glass Felt)
1.1.5 Surfacing.
Surfaced With Mineral Granules
NOTE 1—This procedure is for the investigation of existing roofs and is
D 4601 Specification for Asphalt-Coated Glass Fiber Base
not intended for new construction inspection.
Sheet Used in Roofing
1.2 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded
D 4897 Specification for Asphalt-Coated Glass-Fiber Vent-
as standard.
ing Base Sheet Used in Roofing
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 4990 Specification for Coal Tar Glass Felt Used in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Roofing and Waterproofing
responsibility of the user this standard to establish appropriate
3. Terminology
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
information, see 6.3.2.1.
tice, refer to Terminology D 1079.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Securing of Specimens in the Field
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Do not disturb any surfacing in the area from which a
D 226 Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt
specimen is to be taken. Cut each specimen at least 300 by 300
Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
mm (12 by 12 in.) and use the total specimen taken in the field
D 227 Specification for Coal-Tar-Saturated Organic Felt
for laboratory analysis.
Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
4.2 The recommended practice is to use a cutting template
D 249 Specification forAsphalt Roll Roofing (Organic Felt)
(Fig. 1) consisting of a 300 by 300-mm (12 by 12-in.) metal
Surfaced with Mineral Granules
box with an open bottom. Place the box over the roof area that
D 250 Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Asbestos Felt
is to be removed, and while the template is held firmly in
Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
position, remove the surfacing around the perimeter and then
D 371 Specification forAsphalt Roll Roofing (Organic Felt)
cut through the roof membrane around the perimeter of the
Surfaced with Mineral Granules; Wide Selvage
box. Lift the specimen including all associated loose materials,
D 1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing, Waterproofing,
from the roof and place it in a plastic bag. Fully identify the
and Bituminous Materials
specimen. Note if the insulation is adhered to the specimen or,
where insulation is not used, if bitumen is left on the deck, and
the type of deck. Estimate bitumen mass per unit area left on
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-8 on Roofing,
the deck.
Waterproofing, and Bituminous Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D08.20 on Roofing Membrane Systems.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1997. Published April 1997. Originally
published as D 2829 – 69 T. Last previous edition D 2829 – 95. Discontinued—See 1984 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04. Discontinued—See 1990 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D2829
TABLE 1 Dimensions
Dimension Square (3.2) Rectangular (3.4)
mm in. mm in.
A 300 12 100 4
B 300 12 1000 40
C 150 6 150 6
D 40 1.5 40 1.5
E 40 1.5 40 1.5
1 1
F3 ⁄8 3 ⁄8
FIG. 1 Cutting Template
4.2.1 Alternate Method: percent of the sample area adhered between the layers and
4.2.1.1 Mark each sample as at least a square 356 mm (14 between the insulation and the deck and vapor retarder.
in.) on a side.Try to include a seam in each membrane sample.
4.2.1.5 Cut and remove a small specimen of the vapor
During cold weather, use a square 457 mm (18 in.) on a side,
retarder, if it is present, to observe its attachment to the deck
since cold weather cutting may inadvertently break, distort or
and to obtain a specimen for moisture content and analysis.
delaminate the sample. If the roofing membrane is mechani-
NOTE 2—This procedure will not provide as accurate a measure of total
cally fastened, mark rectangular 864 by 457 mm (34 by 18 in.)
aggregate as the procedure described in 4.2.
sample, with the longer dimension perpendicular to the length
4.3 If bituminous material has been absorbed by the insu-
of the ply felts. Half of these large samples can be shipped to
the laboratory for analysis after the number of fasteners in the lation (4.2), remove sufficient insulation to allow laboratory
analysis of absorbed bitumen mass (weight).
larger area is recorded.
4.2.1.2 Carefully broom off the loose aggregate, and spud
4.4 If felt lapping is to be determined, take a separate
off the adhered aggregate and flood coating at the perimeter of
specimenatleast100mm(4in.)wideandnotlessthan1m(40
the sample. (The application of dry ice at the areas to be
in.) long, cut at right angles to the long dimension of the
spudded will ease the removal of the top coating during hot roofing felts.
weather.Alarge propane torch can also be used as an alternate
4.5 Protect each specimen from physical damage such as
to the dry ice method, to melt the top coating so that it can be
bending or breakage of the felts or coating layers during
easily removed with a scraper and facilitate cutting.) Record
removal and transportation. Protect from moisture, excessive
the length and width of the sample. If the quantities of
heat, and loss of material.
unadhered surfacing or total surfacing are desired, collect and
package the unadhered surfacing from the sample area.
5. Significance and Use
4.2.1.3 Cutthroughtheroofingmembranewitharazorknife
5.1 This practice is for the sampling and analysis of built-up
or sharp power cutting tool, taking care not to damage the edge
roofs. For roofs under construction, use Practice D 3617.
of the sample. Do not pound on the sample, as this might cause
interply delamination. Carefully loosen and remove the roofing
6. Procedure
membrane including all adhered insulation. Observe and
record the kind and degree of attachment between the roofing 6.1 Preserve all identifications and log the specimens in the
membrane and the insulation or deck. laboratory. Ensure continued identity and location of the
4.2.1.4 Cut through the roof insulation with a blade long componentswithineachspecimen.Removetheinsulationfully
enough to penetrate all of the insulation layers. Observe and (if present), removing as little bituminous coating from the
record the type and thickness of each insulation layer, and the underside of the membrane as possible.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D2829
6.2 Calculate the area of the specimen from eight different plies, using a heat lamp as needed to achieve minimum
measurements taken in each direction. Weigh the specimen, temperature required for separation. Do not distort the felts
including all associated loose materials (except insulation), (see 6.8 for an alternative method of separating the plies).
being careful to avoid loss of any component, and calculate the
6.4.1 Measure the individual felts and calculate the area of
mass per unit area. Dry the insulation removed in 4.3 to
each ply (due to lapping, not all plies will be the size of the
constant mass and record.
original specimen). Follow the procedure in 6.2. Record the
6.3 Place the specimen on aluminum foil or release paper
total area of all felts.
and carefully scrape off the top surfacing (if any) and top
6.4.2 Divide the sum of all individual felt areas (6.4.1) by
coating without damaging the top felt. Use heat only to
the area of the original specimen (6.2) and record the results as
producethelowesttemperaturerequiredtoremovethecoating.
“number of plies.”
2 2
NOTE 3—This will usually leave 200 to 400 g/m (4 to 8 lb/100 ft)of 6.5 Calculate the mass per unit area of the original saturated
bituminous material on the surface of the roofing felt.
felts by multiplying the area of each ply determined in 6.4.1 by
2 2
the following values in g/m (lb/100 ft ) and dividing by the
6.3.1 Collect the surfacing and top coating, including any
specimen area determined in 6.2.Add the masses per unit area
loose material taken with the specimen, and weigh.
for each felt, to find the total mass per unit area of the original
6.3.2 Separate surfacing material from the surfacing-top
saturated felts. If all plies are the same, simply multiply the
coating mixture by solvent washing on an 850-µm (No. 20)
assumed felt mass per unit area by the number
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