ASTM D6372-99a
(Practice)Standard Practice for Design, Testing, and Construction of Micro-Surfacing
Standard Practice for Design, Testing, and Construction of Micro-Surfacing
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the design, testing, and construction of mixtures of polymer modified asphalt emulsion, mineral aggregate, mineral filler, water, and other additives, properly proportioned, mixed and spread on a paved surface. It is written as a guide and should be used as such. End use specifications should be adapted to conform to job and user requirements.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 6372 – 99a
Standard Practice for
Design, Testing, and Construction of Micro-Surfacing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6372; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 3910 Practice For Design, Testing, and Construction of
Slurry Seal
1.1 Thispracticecoversthedesign,testing,andconstruction
2.2 ISSA Documents:
of mixtures of polymer modified asphalt emulsion, mineral
ISSA Technical Bulletin No. 100, Test Method for Wet
aggregate, mineral filler, water, and other additives, properly
Track Abrasion of Slurry Surfaces
proportioned, mixed and spread on a paved surface. It is
ISSA Technical Bulletin No. 139, Test Method to Classify
written as a guide and should be used as such. End use
EmulsifiedAsphalt/Aggregate Mixture Systems by Modi-
specifications should be adapted to conform to job and user
fied Cohesion Tester, Measurement of Set and Cure
requirements.
Characteristics
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
ISSA A143 Revised May 1996 Recommended Performance
standard.
Guidelines For Micro-Surfacing
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ISSA Technical Bulletin No. 144, Test Method for Classi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
fication of Aggregate Filler—Bitumen Compatability by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Schultze-Breuer and Ruck Procedures
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ISSA Technical Bulletin No. 147, Test Methods for Mea-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
surements of Stability and Resistance to Compaction,
2. Referenced Documents
Vertical and Lateral Displacement of Multilayered Fine
Aggregate Cold Mixes
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregate by Use of
3. Terminology
Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
C 117 Test Method for Materials Finer Than No. 200 Sieve
2 3.1.1 polymer modified emulsified asphalt micro-surfacing
in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
mixtures—asrelatedtothispractice,mixturesoffineaggregate
C 131 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small
with mineral filler, mixing water, and field control additive,
Size CoarseAggregates byAbrasion and Impact in the Los
uniformly mixed with polymer modified emulsified asphalt.
Angeles Machine
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Aggregate
4. Summary of Practice
D 36 Test Method for Softening Point by the Use of Ring
3 4.1 This practice outlines the basic properties for materials,
and Ball
4 mix design procedures, and application techniques for the
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregate
4 design and application of micro-surfacing. The mix developed
D 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Material
4 through this practice should be capable of being spread in
D 244 Test Method for Testing Emulsified Asphalt
4 variable thick cross sections, which after curing and initial
D 977 Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
4 traffic consolidation, resist compaction through the entire
D 2397 Specifications for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt
design tolerance range of bitumen content and variable thick-
D 2419 Test Method for Sand EquivalentValue of Soils and
4 nesstobeencountered.Theendproductshouldmaintainahigh
Fine Aggregate
friction surface and variable thick sections throughout its
surface life. The mix should be a quick traffic system and
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-4 on Road and should be able to accept rolling traffic on a 12.7 mm thick
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.24 on
surface within 1 h after placement in 24°C temperature and
Bituminous Surface Treatments.
50 % or less humidity.
Current edition approved June 10, 1999. Published August 1999. Originally
published as D 6372-99. Last previous edition D 6372-99.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04. Available from International Slurry Surfacing Association, Washington, D.C.,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03. 20036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 6372
5. Significance and Use 24°C temperature and 50 % or less humidity.The mixture shall
conform to one of the gradation types listed in Table 1. Type II
5.1 This micro-surfacing practice is written as a guide and
issuitableforurbanandresidentialstreetsandairportrunways.
should not be construed as a specification. End use specifica-
It shall be applied at the minimum rate of 5.4 to 8.1 kg/m .
tions should be adapted to conform to job and user require-
Type III is suitable for primary and interstate routes and to fill
ments.
wheel ruts. It shall be applied at the rate of 8.1 to 16.2 kg/m .
forprimaryandinterstateroutes.Theapplicationforwheelruts
6. Design
shall be as prescribed in Appendix X1.
6.1 Aggregates—The aggregate shall be a manufactured
crushed stone such as granite, slag, limestone, chat, or other
8. Test Procedures For Mix Design of Polymer Modified
high quality aggregate or combination thereof. The aggregate
Emulsified Asphalt Micro-Surfacing Systems
shall be totally crushed with 100 % of the parent aggregate
8.1 Cohesion Test:
being larger than the largest stone in the gradation to be used.
Recommended grading requirements are shown in Table 1. 8.1.1 This test procedure is used to determine various set
When tested by Test Method D 2419, the combined aggregate
times of the micro surfacing mixture. It measures torque of a
prior to the addition of any chemically active mineral filler microsurfacing mixture as it coalesces and develops cohesive
shallhaveasandequivalentofnotlessthan65.Whentestedby
strength. The amount of torque developed plotted over time
Test Method C 88 the aggregate shall have a weighed average shows how the mixture is developing resistance to movement.
loss not greater than 15 % using sodium sulfate or 25 % using
Specific torque and time values are defined as “set time” and
magnesium sulfate. Testing by Test Method C 131 shall show “early rolling traffic time” (see Fig. 1).
an abrasion resistance of 30 % maximum.
8.1.2 Set time is defined as the lapsed time after casting a
6.2 Mineral Filler—Mineral filler shall be any recognized
specimen of the microsurfacing mixture that it cannot be
brand of nonairentrained portland cement or hydrated lime.
remixed homogeneously (there is no free emulsion to lubricate
The mineral filler shall be free of lumps and accepted upon
the system) and no lateral displacement is possible when it is
visual inspection.The type and amount of mineral filler needed
compacted. It is further defined as the time when there are no
shall be determined by a laboratory mix design and will be signs of free emulsion when pressed with an absorptive paper
considered as part of the aggregate gradation.
towel and there is no free emulsion diluted and washed away
6.3 Emulsified Asphalt—The emulsified asphalt shall be a when rinsed with water.
quicksetpolymermodifiedasphaltemulsionconformingtothe
8.1.3 Earlyrollingtraffictimeisdefinedasthetimeatwhich
requirements of Specification D 2397 for CSS-1h or section
the micro-surfacing mixture will accept rolling traffic without
377, SSIA. The polymer material shall be milled or blended
picking or deformation.
into the asphalt or emulsifier solution prior to the emulsifica-
8.1.4 Set times for the micro-surfacing mixture shall be
tion process. The cement mixing test shall be waived for this
determined as outlined in 6.3 of Practice D 3910.
emulsion.The five day settlement test may be waived. Refer to
NOTE 1—Referenced ISSA Technical Bulletin No. 139.
ISSA Document A143.
8.2 Wet Track Abrasion Test:
7. Composition of Micro-Surfacing Mixtures
8.2.1 This test procedure is used to determine the minimum
7.1 A job mixture shall be selected that conforms to the
asphalt content and resistance to stripping.
specifications for a quick traffic system, meaning that it will be
able to accept traffic after a short period of time and is capable
of being spread in variable cross sections, wedges, ruts, scratch
courses, and surfaces and that after curing and initial traffic
consolidation resists compaction throughout the entire design
tolerance range of bitumen content and variable thickness to be
encountered. The mixture should maintain a high friction
surface, and variable thick sections throughout the service life
of the mixture. The mixture shall be able to accept rolling
traffic on a 12.7 mm thick surface within 1 h after placement at
TABLE 1 Grading Requirements
Type II Percent Type III Percent
Sieve Size Stockpile Tolerance
Passing Passing
9.5 mm 100 100
4.75 mm 90 to 100 70 to 90 65%
2.36 mm 65 to 90 45 to 70 65%
1.18 mm 45 to 70 28 to 50 65%
600 µm 30 to 50 19 to 34 65%
330 µm 18 to 30 12 to 25 64%
150 µm 10 to 21 7 to 18 63%
75 µm 5 to 15 5 to 15 62% FIG. 1 Classification of Mix Systems by Modified Cohesion Test
Curves
D 6372
8.2.2 It establishes the minimum permissible emulsion con- 8.3 Loaded Wheel Test—This test procedure measures the
tent of a given micro-surfacing system and the long term amount of compaction and displacement characteristics of
moisture susceptibility of the system.
multi-layered micro-surfacing mixtures under simulated roll-
8.2.3 The test shall be run in accordance with Practice
ing traffic compaction (see Fig. 2).
D 3910, Section 6.4.
8.3.1 Summary of Test Procedure:
NOTE 2—Referenced ISSA Technical Bulletin No. 100.
FIG. 2 Loaded Wheel Tester
D 6372
8.3.1.1 A 500 g dry aggregate weight mixture is prepared 8.3.3.4 After cooling for2hto room temperature, measure
using 0/#4 or other gradation aggregate and the desired the specimen with the calipers for net lateral thickness.
quantitiesoffillers,wateradditivesandasphaltemulsion.After
8.3.3.5 Then mount the specimen in the loaded wheel tester
30 s of vigorous mixing, the mixture is cast into 12.7 by 50.8
machine and subject it to 1000 cycles of compaction at a
mm by 38.1 cm mold centered over a 0.60 mm mounting plate
temperature of 226 2°C.
and immediately struck-off uniformly with a wooden dowel or
8.3.3.6 Then remove the specimen from the loaded wheel
U shaped wooden screed using a sawing action. The inside
tester machine and immediately remeasure laterally.
surfaces of the mold may be coated with a thin coating of
8.3.3.7 Reference Document ISSA Technical Bulletin No.
petroleum or a mixture of glycerin and talc as a mold release
147.
to prevent sticking.
8.4 Classification Test—This test procedure covers the de-
8.3.1.2 As soon as the mixture is sufficiently set to prevent
termination of the relative compatibility between aggregate
free flow, the mold is carefully removed without disturbing the
filler of specific gradation and emulsified asphalt residue.
specimen. The specimen is air cured for 24 h, then dried to a
8.4.1 Summary of Test Procedure—The test procedure pro-
constant weight in a forced draft oven at 60°C for 18 to 20 h.
vides a rating system or grading values for abrasion loss,
After cooling, the specimen is measured centrally for width
adhesion, and high temperature cohesion characteristics of a
and net thickness. The net weight of the specimen is obtained
specified aggregate-bitumen combination for comparison with
and recorded. The specimen is then mounted in the loaded
test values of referenced combinations.
wheel track machine and subjected to 1000, 56.7 kg cycles of
8.4.2 Apparatus:
compaction. The specimen is then removed and immediately
8.4.2.1 Balance, capable of weighing 1000 g sensitive to
remeasured laterally in the wheel path and the results recorded.
0.01 6 0.005 g.
The lateral displacement is expressed as the percent increase of
8.4.2.2 Oven, forced draft constant temperature thermostati-
the original width. The specific gravity should be expressed as
callycontrolledat60 63°C.SeeSpecificationE 145TypeIIB.
the increase by percent after compaction of the specimen.
8.4.2.3 Suitable Heavy Gage Round Bottom Bowl, to con-
8.3.2 Apparatus:
tain 200 g of mixture.
8.3.2.1 Balance, capable of weighing 2000 g or more to
8.4.2.4 Suitable Mixing Spatula, or long handled metal
within 6 1.0 g.
spoon.
8.3.2.2 Loaded Wheel Tester, (as described in ISSATB109)
8.4.2.5 Metal Pill Mold, consisting of a base, a case 30 mm
consisting of a 7.62 cm diameter soft rubber wheel loaded with
inside diameter by 70 mm height and a 29 mm diameter ram.
56.7 kg which reciprocates through a 30.48 cm horizontal path
8.4.2.6 Constant Force Press, capable of exerting a constant
at the rate of 44 cycles per minute.
force of 1000 kg.
8.3.2.3 Suitable Heavy Gage Round Bottom Bowl, suitable
8.4.2.7 Shuttle Cylinders, consisting of acrylic tubes 16 mm
to prepare 500 gram mixes.
insidediameterby400mminsidelengthcontaining1100 625
8.3.2.4 Long Handled Steel Spoon, or suitable spatula for
mm. Volume enclosed with water tight metal caps at each end,
mixing of aggregate emulsion mixtures.
one of which is readily removable.
8.3.2.5 Specimen Mounting Plate, (0.60 mm galvanized
8.4.2.8 Abrasion Machine, capable of holding at least two
steel 7.62 by 40.6 cm, deburred).
pairs of shuttle cylinders and rotating them end for end about
8.3.2.6 Specimen Mold, 12.7 mm thick by 76.2 mm 3 40.6
a central axis at 20 rpm (see Fig. 3).
cm outside and 50.8 mm by 38.1 cm inside dimensions.
8.4.2.9 Open Top 6 mm Galvanized Hardware Cloth Bas-
8.3.2.7 Calipers, capable of measuring specimen width to
kets, 50 mm diameter by 50 mm high with suitable means for
within 0.01 mm.
suspension in boiling water.
8.3.2.8 Oven, forced draft constant temperature thermostati-
8.4.2.10 Hot Plate, capable of heating 500 ml of water to
cally controlled at 60 6 3°C. See specification E 145Type IIB.
boiling.
8.3.3 Preparation of Test Specimen: 8.4.2.11 800 ml Metal or Glass Beaker, capable of holding
boiling water.
8.3.3.1 A 500 gram dry weight aggregate mixture is pre-
pared using the 4.75 mm and smaller fractions, the desired 8.4.3 Preparation of Test Specimen:
quantities of fillers, water additives, and asphalt emulsion.
8.4.3.1 The aggregate to be used shall be dry sieved and
regraded as prescribed (see Table 2).
8.3.3.2 After 30 s of vigorous mixing, cast the mixture into
the mold, centered over the 0.60 mm mounting plate and
8.4.3.2 Weigh into the mixing bowl 200 g of the prepared
immediately struck-off uniformly with a wooden dowel or U aggrega
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