ASTM D5006-11(2016)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 DiEGME is miscible with water and can be readily extracted from the fuel by contact with water during shipping and in storage. Methods are therefore needed to check the additive content in the fuel to ensure proper additive concentration in the aircraft.
5.2 This test method is applicable to analyses performed in the field or in a laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a technique for measuring the concentration of Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (DiEGME) in aviation fuels. A measured volume of fuel, extracted with a fixed ratio of water, is tested with a suitable refractometer to determine the concentration of fuel system icing inhibitor (FSII) in fuel. Precision estimates have been determined for the DiEGME additive using specific extraction ratios with a wide variety of fuel types. The extraction ratios are high enough that portable handheld refractometers can be used, but not so high as to sacrifice accuracy or linearity, or both, in the 0.01 % to 0.25 % by volume range of interest.
1.2 DiEGME is fully described in Specification D4171 and in other specifications.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5006 − 11 (Reapproved 2016) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in
Aviation Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5006; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers a technique for measuring the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
concentration of Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (Di- D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
EGME)inaviationfuels.Ameasuredvolumeoffuel,extracted E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
with a fixed ratio of water, is tested with a suitable refracto- E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
meter to determine the concentration of fuel system icing Determine Conformance with Specifications
inhibitor (FSII) in fuel. Precision estimates have been deter- E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
minedfortheDiEGMEadditiveusingspecificextractionratios eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
with a wide variety of fuel types.The extraction ratios are high
3. Terminology
enough that portable handheld refractometers can be used, but
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
not so high as to sacrifice accuracy or linearity, or both, in the
3.1.1 analog refractometer, n—a traditional-style refracto-
0.01 % to 0.25 % by volume range of interest.
meter which visually projects a shadowline onto a scale etched
1.2 DiEGME is fully described in Specification D4171 and
into a glass reticle.
in other specifications.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The scale, which is magnified by an
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
eyepiece, displays either a direct reading of DiEGME
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
concentration, as is the case with the analog HB refractometer,
standard.
or may display Brix units which must be converted into
DiEGME concentration.
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
3.1.2 Brix refractometer, n—a refractometer which displays
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
readings on the Brix scale.
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
3.1.3 Brix scale, n—an expression of the mathematical
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
relationship between refractive index and the concentration by
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
weight of pure sucrose in water.
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
3.1.4 digital refractometer, n—A refractometer which relies
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi-
on a solid-state image sensor to measure the refractive index of
tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury
a solution, convert the refractive index reading into a particular
and/or mercury containing products into your state or country
unit of measure (percent DiEGME), and outputs the results on
may be prohibited by law.
a digital display.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Acronyms:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.1 DiEGME—Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 FSII—fuel system icing inhibitor
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 In order to determine the concentration of DiEGME in
aviation fuel, a measured volume of fuel is extracted with a
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.J0.04 on Additives and Electrical Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5006 – 11. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5006-11R16. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5006 − 11 (2016)
fixed ratio of water. The extraction procedure includes suffi- 6.2 Extraction Vessel—Any suitable vessel of at least
cient agitation and contacting time to ensure that equilibrium 200 mL with provisions for isolating a small column of water
distributions are attained. If using an Analog Refractometer, extract at the bottom. Examples are separatory funnels, (glass
place several drops of water extract on the measuring surface, or plastic), or plastic dropping bottles.
point it towards a light source, and take a reading on the
6.3 Measuring Vessel—Any vessel capable of measuring up
internal scale. The analog HB refractometer will display the
to 160 mL of fuel to an accuracy of 62 mL, such as a 250 mL
actual percent volume of DiEGME on its scale. Users of a Brix
graduated cylinder, or other calibrated container.
refractometer will follow a similar procedure, but will have to
6.4 Water Dispenser—2.0 mL pipettes are preferred, but
convert the Brix reading into DiEGME percent volume. If the
syringes or burettes not exceeding 5.0 mL capacity that can
Brix refractometer is not automatically temperature
dispense 2.0 mL 6 0.2 mL may be used. For the Brix
compensated, then a temperature correction must first be
refractometer, the pipette must measure 1.0 mL 6 0.1 mL.
applied to the Brix reading before converting it to percent
DiEGME. If using a Digital Refractometer, place several drops
6.5 Thermometer—The thermometer must have suitable
ofwaterextractinthesamplewell,pressabuttontoinitiatethe range to measure air and fuel temperature in the field.Accurate
reading, and the percent volume of DiEGME will be displayed to 61 °C and meeting Specification E1 or any other tempera-
on the LCD display. (Warning—Diethylene glycol monom-
ture measuring device that cover the temperature range of
ethyl ether (DiEGME), slightly toxic material. This material interest, such as thermocouples, thermistors, resistance tem-
caused slight embryo-fetal toxicity (delayed development) but
perature detectors (RTDs) or one conforming to Specification
no increase in birth defects in laboratory animals. Consult the E2251 may be used that provides equivalent or better accuracy
suppliers’ material safety data sheets.)
and precision than ASTM 1C.
NOTE 1—Isopropanol is not detected because of the similarity of
7. Reagents and Materials
isopropanol/water refractive indices, and the presence of iso propanol in
fuel containing other additives results in lower than true values.
7.1 Water—Distilled or deionized water is preferred for the
extraction procedure, and for refractometer calibration, but
5. Significance and Use
potable water may be used.
5.1 DiEGME is miscible with water and can be readily
extracted from the fuel by contact with water during shipping
8. Refractometer Calibration
and in storage. Methods are therefore needed to check the
8.1 All refractometers should be zero-set to water before
additive content in the fuel to ensure proper additive concen-
use.Theexactprocedureforzero-settingarefractometervaries
tration in the aircraft.
based on the type and make of instrument. Consult the user
5.2 This test method is applicable to analyses performed in
manual for specific instructions on zero-setting each make of
the field or in a laboratory.
refractometer.
6. Apparatus 8.2 Thecalibrationstepisincorporatedintotheprocedureto
minimizetheeffectoftemperaturechangesbetweenthetimeof
6.1 Refractometer—An optical instrument used to measure
calibration and measurement. (Warning—The extraction,
the physical properties of a solution. Refractometers suitable
calibration, and measurement steps should be done at ambient
for use in this test method include:
conditions. Avoid placing the refractometer on hot or cold
6.1.1 HB Refractometer —An analog refractometer with a
surfaces, in pockets on your person, or other locations that
direct reading scale for percent DiEGME. This instrument is
would change the temperature of the instrument from ambient.
automatically temperature compensated from 18 °C to 35 °C.
When zero-setting or making a measurement, take care not to
6.1.2 Brix Refractometer—An analog refractometer with a
heat or cool the refractometer from ambient.)
Brix scale which may or may not be automatically temperature
compensated. 8.3 For the most accurate possible readings, the
6.1.3 MISCO Jet Fuel Refractometer (p/n JPX-DiEGME)
refractometer, the calibration fluid, and the ambient tempera-
—A digital refractometer that provides a direct reading of ture should all be in equilibrium within the temperature
DiEGME concentration and is automatically temperature com- compensation range, or the operational temperature range, of
pensated within the range of 10 °C to 45 °C. the refractometer. If there is a temperature disparity, allow
6.1.4 Gammon HB2D Refractometer—Adigital refractome- some time for the temperatures to equalize before taking a
ter that provides a direct reading of DiEGME concentration reading.
andisautomaticallytemperaturecompensatedwithintherange
9. Sample Preparation and Extraction
of 10 °C to 40 °C.
9.1 Extraction Ratios for Both Analog and Digital Refrac-
The analog HB refractometer and the digital HB2D refractometer are available
tometers with Direct Reading DiEGME Scales:
from Gammon Technical Products, Inc., 2300 Hwy 34, P.O. Box 400, Manasquan,
9.1.1 Measure160 mLoffueltobetestedintotheextraction
NJ 08736. The MISCO Jet Fuel Refractometer (p/n JPX-DiEGME and Brix
vessel.
refractometers are available from MISCO Refractometer, 3401 Virginia Rd.,
Cleveland, Ohio 44122 USA. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please 9.1.2 Measure 2.0 mL of water into the extraction vessel.
provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will
9.2 Extraction Ratios for Analog Brix Refractometers With
receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,
which you may attend. or Without Automatic Temperature Compensation:
D5006 − 11 (2016)
9.2.1 Measure 80 mL of the fuel to be tested into the refractometer as an optical instrument and avoid damage to the
extraction vessel. lens and window elements. Store the refractometer in a
9.2.2 Measure 1.0 mL of water into the extraction vessel. protective cover or case.)
11.2 Measurement of Samples Using Analog HB or Analog
10. Sample Extraction
Brix Refractometers:
10.1 Shake the extraction vessel vigorously for a minimum
11.2.1 Locate the thermometer and refractometer where
of 5 min for all fuels, preferably with the cap facing down.
they will remain at ambient temperature during the test.
10.2 Mechanical shakers may be used, provided that thor-
11.2.2 Isolate several drops of the water extract from the
ough intermixing of the aqueous and fuel phases occurs,
extraction vessel, and place on the prism face.
similar to that obtained by hand shaking. (Warning—
11.2.3 If a separatory funnel is used, it may be necessary to
Following the extraction procedures is most critical. Failure to
collect some extract into a smaller container, and then transfer
extract for the specified time or failure to provide vigorous
several drops to the prism face with a clean eyedropper,
agitation can result in false readings. If lower than expected
syringe, or pipette.
readings are obtained, a second test should be done with a
11.2.4 If a dropping bottle is used as an extraction vessel,
longer extraction time.)
place it right side up, remove the cap, squeeze slightly, and
10.3 Allow the extraction vessel to sit undisturbed at ambi- replacethecapwiththebottleunderaslightvacuum.Invertthe
ent temperature for a period of at least 2 min to allow the water bottleandallowthewaterextracttosettletothebottom.Uncap
to settle to the bottom. the bottle and squeeze it gently until several drops of extract
are collected on a tissue held in the same hand as the
11. Sample Testing
refractometer, and then allow several drops of the water extract
to fall onto the prism face.
11.1 Measurement of Samples Using Digital Refractometers
with DiEGME Scales: 11.2.5 Slowly lower the prism cover into place, point the
11.1.1 Locate the thermometer and refractometer where
refractometer at a light source, and look into the eyepiece.
they will remain at ambient temperature during the test. (Warning—Fuelentrainedinthewatermaycauseanindistinct
11.1.2 Isolate several drops of the water extract from the refractometer reading. In most cases fuel residue on an analog
extraction vessel, and transfer to the sample well of the digital refractometer can be eliminated by slowly lowering the refrac-
refractometer. tometer cover. The surface tension of water should sweep fuel
11.1.3 If a separatory funnel is used, it may be necessary to off the prism surface.)
collect some extract into a smaller container, and then transfer
11.2.6 Take the reading at the point the shadowline inter-
severaldropstotheprismfacewithacleaneyedropper,syringe
sects the scale.
or pipette.
11.2.7 If using a HB refractometer, record the reading to
11.1.4 If a dropping bottle is used as an extraction vessel,
two significant figures in volume percent DiEGME.
place it right side up, remove the cap, squeeze slightly, and
11.2.8 If using a Brix refractometer, record the Brix value
replacethecapwiththebottleunderaslightvacuum.Invertthe
and perform the conversion calculation in 12.2.
bottleandallowthewaterextracttosettletothebottom.Uncap
11.2.9 Record the ambient temperature to the nearest degree
the bottle and squeeze it gently until several drops of extract
Centigrade using a thermometer.
are collected on a tissue held in the same hand as the
11.2.10 Make certain that the temperature displayed on the
refractometer, and then allow several drops of the water extract
thermometeriswithintheoperationalrange,orthetemperature
to fall into the refractometer well.
compensation range, of the refractometer.
11.1.5 If using the MISCO Jet Fuel Refractometer, close the
11.2.11 Properly dispose of test fluids, wash apparatus with
evaporation cover to help prevent evaporation of the sample
soap and water, and dry
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5006 − 11 D5006 − 11 (Reapproved 2016) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in
Aviation Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5006; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This test method covers a technique for measuring the concentration of Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (DiEGME)
in aviation fuels. A measured volume of fuel, extracted with a fixed ratio of water, is tested with a suitable refractometer to
determine the concentration of fuel system icing inhibitor (FSII) in fuel. Precision estimates have been determined for the DiEGME
additive using specific extraction ratios with a wide variety of fuel types. The extraction ratios are high enough that portable
handheld refractometers can be used, but not so high as to sacrifice accuracy or linearity, or both, in the 0.01 to 0.25 vol %0.01 %
to 0.25 % by volume range of interest.
1.2 DiEGME is fully described in Specification D4171 and in other specifications.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 analog refractometer, n—a traditional-style refractometer which visually projects a shadowline onto a scale etched into a
glass reticle.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.J0.04 on Additives and Electrical Properties.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011April 1, 2016. Published June 1, 2011May 2016. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20102011 as
ε1
D5006D5006 – 11.–10 . DOI: 10.1520/D5006-11.10.1520/D5006-11R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
The scale, which is magnified by an eyepiece, displays either a direct reading of DiEGME concentration, as is the case with the
analog HB refractometer, or may display Brix units which must be converted into DiEGME concentration.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5006 − 11 (2016)
3.1.2 Brix refractometer, n—a refractometer which displays readings on the Brix scale.
3.1.3 Brix scale, n—an expression of the mathematical relationship between refractive index and the concentration by weight
of pure sucrose in water.
3.1.4 digital refractometer, n—A refractometer which relies on a solid-state image sensor to measure the refractive index of a
solution, convert the refractive index reading into a particular unit of measure (percent DiEGME), and outputs the results on a
digital display.
3.2 Acronyms:
3.2.1 DiEGME—Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether
3.2.2 FSII—fuel system icing inhibitor
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 In order to determine the concentration of DiEGME in aviation fuel, a measured volume of fuel is extracted with a fixed
ratio of water. The extraction procedure includes sufficient agitation and contacting time to ensure that equilibrium distributions
are attained. If using an Analog Refractometer, place several drops of water extract on the measuring surface, point it towards a
light source, and take a reading on the internal scale. The analog HB refractometer will display the actual percent volume of
DiEGME on its scale. Users of a Brix refractometer will follow a similar procedure, but will have to convert the Brix reading into
DiEGME percent volume. If the Brix refractometer is not automatically temperature compensated, then a temperature correction
must first be applied to the Brix reading before converting it to percent DiEGME. If using a Digital Refractometer, place several
drops of water extract in the sample well, press a button to initiate the reading, and the percent volume of DiEGME will be
displayed on the LCD display. (Warning—Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DiEGME), slightly toxic material. This material
caused slight embryo-fetal toxicity (delayed development) but no increase in birth defects in laboratory animals. Consult the
suppliers’ material safety data sheets.)
NOTE 1—Isopropanol is not detected because of the similarity of isopropanol/water refractive indices, and the presence of iso propanol in fuel
containing other additives results in lower than true values.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 DiEGME is miscible with water and can be readily extracted from the fuel by contact with water during shipping and in
storage. Methods are therefore needed to check the additive content in the fuel to ensure proper additive concentration in the
aircraft.
5.2 This test method is applicable to analyses performed in the field or in a laboratory.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Refractometer—An optical instrument used to measure the physical properties of a solution. Refractometers suitable for use
in this test method include:
6.1.1 HB Refractometer —An analog refractometer with a direct reading scale for percent DiEGME. This instrument is
automatically temperature compensated from 1818 °C to 35°C.35 °C.
6.1.2 Brix Refractometer—An analog refractometer with a Brix scale which may or may not be automatically temperature
compensated.
6.1.3 MISCO Jet Fuel Refractometer (p/n JPX-DiEGME) —A digital refractometer that provides a direct reading of DiEGME
concentration and is automatically temperature compensated within the range of 1010 °C to 45°C.45 °C.
6.1.4 Gammon HB2D Refractometer—A digital refractometer that provides a direct reading of DiEGME concentration and is
automatically temperature compensated within the range of 1010 °C to 40°C.40 °C.
6.2 Extraction Vessel—Any suitable vessel of at least 200 mL 200 mL with provisions for isolating a small column of water
extract at the bottom. Examples are separatory funnels, (glass or plastic), or plastic dropping bottles.
6.3 Measuring Vessel—Any vessel capable of measuring up to 160 mL 160 mL of fuel to an accuracy of 6 2 mL, 62 mL, such
as a 250-mL250 mL graduated cylinder, or other calibrated container.
6.4 Water Dispenser—2.0-mL2.0 mL pipettes are preferred, but syringes or burettes not exceeding 5.0-mL5.0 mL capacity that
can dispense 2.02.0 mL 6 0.2 mL 0.2 mL may be used. For the Brix refractometer, the pipette must measure 1.01.0 mL 6 0.1
mL.0.1 mL.
6.5 Thermometer—The thermometer must have suitable range to measure air and fuel temperature in the field. Accurate to
61°C61 °C and meeting Specification E1 or any other temperature measuring device that cover the temperature range of interest,
The analog HB refractometer and the digital HB2D refractometer are available from Gammon Technical Products, Inc., 2300 Hwy 34, P.O. Box 400, Manasquan, NJ
08736. The MISCO Jet Fuel Refractometer (p/n JPX-DiEGME and Brix refractometers are available from MISCO Refractometer, 3401 Virginia Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44122
USA. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
D5006 − 11 (2016)
such as thermocouples, thermistors, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) or one conforming to Specification E2251 may be
used that provides equivalent or better accuracy and precision than ASTM 1C.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Water—Distilled or deionized water is preferred for the extraction procedure, and for refractometer calibration, but potable
water may be used.
8. Refractometer Calibration
8.1 All refractometers should be zero-set to water before use. The exact procedure for zero-setting a refractometer varies based
on the type and make of instrument. Consult the user manual for specific instructions on zero-setting each make of refractometer.
8.2 The calibration step is incorporated into the procedure to minimize the effect of temperature changes between the time of
calibration and measurement. (Warning—The extraction, calibration, and measurement steps should be done at ambient
conditions. Avoid placing the refractometer on hot or cold surfaces, in pockets on your person, or other locations that would change
the temperature of the instrument from ambient. When zero-setting or making a measurement, take care not to heat or cool the
refractometer from ambient.)
8.3 For the most accurate possible readings, the refractometer, the calibration fluid, and the ambient temperature should all be
in equilibrium within the temperature compensation range, or the operational temperature range, of the refractometer. If there is
a temperature disparity, allow some time for the temperatures to equalize before taking a reading.
9. Sample Preparation and Extraction
9.1 Extraction Ratios for Both Analog and Digital Refractometers with Direct Reading DiEGME Scales:
9.1.1 Measure 160 mL 160 mL of fuel to be tested into the extraction vessel.
9.1.2 Measure 2.0 mL 2.0 mL of water into the extraction vessel.
9.2 Extraction Ratios for Analog Brix Refractometers With or Without Automatic Temperature Compensation : Compensation:
9.2.1 Measure 80 mL 80 mL of the fuel to be tested into the extraction vessel.
9.2.2 Measure 1.0 mL 1.0 mL of water into the extraction vessel.
10. Sample Extraction
10.1 Shake the extraction vessel vigorously for a minimum of 5 min 5 min for all fuels, preferably with the cap facing down.
10.2 Mechanical shakers may be used, provided that thorough intermixing of the aqueous and fuel phases occurs, similar to that
obtained by hand shaking. (Warning—Following the extraction procedures is most critical. Failure to extract for the specified time
or failure to provide vigorous agitation can result in false readings. If lower than expected readings are obtained, a second test
should be done with a longer extraction time.)
10.3 Allow the extraction vessel to sit undisturbed at ambient temperature for a period of at least 2 min 2 min to allow the water
to settle to the bottom.
11. Sample Testing
11.1 Measurement of Samples Using Digital Refractometers with DiEGME Scales:
11.1.1 Locate the thermometer and refractometer where they will remain at ambient temperature during the test.
11.1.2 Isolate several drops of the water extract from the extraction vessel, and transfer to the sample well of the digital
refractometer.
11.1.3 If a separatory funnel is used, it may be necessary to collect some extract into a smaller container, and then transfer
several drops to the prism face with a clean eyedropper, syringe or pipette.
11.1.4 If a dropping bottle is used as an extraction vessel, place it right side up, remove the cap, squeeze slightly, and replace
the cap with the bottle under a slight vacuum. Invert the bottle and allow the water extract to settle to the bottom. Uncap the bottle
and squeeze it gently until several drops of extract are collected on a tissue held in the same hand as the refractometer, and then
allow several drops of the water extract to fall into the refractometer well.
11.1.5 If using the MISCO Jet Fuel Refractometer, close the evaporation cover to help prevent evaporation of the sample during
testing.
11.1.6 Allow some time for the temperature of the refractometer, fluid, and ambient environment to equalize.
11.1.7 Initiate the reading by pressing the “GO” Button on the MISCO Jet Fuel Refractometer or the “READ” Button on the
Gammon HB2D Refractometer.
11.1.8 Record the ambient temperature reading displayed on the thermometer to the nearest degree Celsius.
11.1.9 Make certain that the temperature displayed on the thermometer is within the temperature compensation range of the
refractometer.
11.1.10 Record the reading on the refractometer digital display to two significant figures in volume percent DiEGME.
D5006 − 11 (2016)
TABLE 1 Temperature Correction Factors for Brix Refractometer
Reading
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
10 0.50 0.54 0.58 0.61 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.70 0.72 0.73 0.74 0.75 0.76 0.78 0.79
11 0.46 0.46 0.53 0.55 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.63 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.64 0.70 0.71
12 0.42 0.45 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.61 0.63 0.63
13 0.37 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.54 0.53 0.55
14 Deduct 0.33 0.35 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.47 0.48
15 from 0.27 0.29 0.31 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.40
16 reading 0.22 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.32
17 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.
...
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