ASTM E90-23

Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sound transmission loss as defined in Terminology C634, refers to the response of specimens exposed to a diffuse incident sound field, and this is the test condition approached by this laboratory test method. The test results are therefore most directly relevant to the performance of similar specimens exposed to similar sound fields. They provide, however, a useful general measure of performance for the variety of sound fields to which a partition or element may typically be exposed.  
5.2 In laboratories designed to satisfy the requirements of this test method, the intent is that only significant path for sound transmission between the rooms is through the test specimen. This is not generally the case in buildings where there are often many other paths for sounds—flanking sound transmission. Consequently sound ratings obtained using this test method do not relate directly to sound isolation in buildings; they represent an upper limit to what would be measured in a field test.  
5.3 This test method is not intended for field tests. Field tests shall be performed according to Test Method E336.
Note 2: The comparable quantity measured using Test Method E336 is called the apparent sound transmission loss because of the presence of flanking sound transmission.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of airborne sound transmission loss of building partitions such as walls of all kinds, operable partitions, floor-ceiling assemblies, doors, windows, roofs, panels, and other space-dividing elements.  
1.2 Laboratories are designed so the test specimen constitutes the primary sound transmission path between the two test rooms and so approximately diffuse sound fields exist in the rooms.  
1.3 Laboratory Accreditation—The requirements for accrediting a laboratory for performing this test method are given in Annex A4.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2023
• ICS: 91.120.20 - Acoustics in building. Sound insulation
• Technical Committee: E33 - Building and Environmental Acoustics
• Drafting Committee: E33.03 - Sound Transmission

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E90-09(2016) - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM E2179-21 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of the Effectiveness of Floor Coverings in Reducing Impact Sound Transmission Through Concrete Floors
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM E2964-21 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Normalized Insertion Loss of Doors
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM C926-23a - Standard Specification for Application of Portland Cement-Based Plaster
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM C919-22 - Standard Practice for Use of Sealants in Acoustical Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM E3091-17 - Standard Specification for Systems to Measure Sound Levels
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM C634-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM E2813-18 - Standard Practice for Building Enclosure Commissioning
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM E492-22 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM C842-05(2021) - Standard Specification for Application of Interior Gypsum Plaster
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM E2611-19 - Standard Test Method for Normal Incidence Determination of Porous Material Acoustical Properties Based on the Transfer Matrix Method
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM E2634-18(2022) - Standard Specification for Flat Wall Insulating Concrete Form (ICF) Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM E1123-86(2023) - Standard Practices for Mounting Test Specimens for Sound Transmission Loss Testing of Naval and Marine Ship Bulkhead Treatment Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM E2963-22 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness of Ship Noise Treatments Laboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness for Marine Bulkhead and Deck Treatments
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM E1332-22 - Standard Classification for Rating Outdoor-Indoor Sound Attenuation
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023

Overview

ASTM E90-23 is the standard test method developed by ASTM International for the laboratory measurement of airborne sound transmission loss of building partitions and elements. This method is critical for evaluating the sound-insulating properties of construction assemblies such as walls, floor-ceiling systems, doors, windows, roofs, and other space-dividing building elements. The standard ensures consistent measurement practices in controlled laboratory environments, providing an upper limit of acoustical performance that aids architects, engineers, manufacturers, and regulators in designing and specifying sound control systems for buildings.

Key Topics

• Sound Transmission Loss: Defined as the difference in average sound pressure levels between source and receiving rooms, plus a correction for the specimen area and room sound absorption. Measured in decibels (dB), it provides a quantifiable assessment of how effectively a building element attenuates airborne noise.
• Laboratory Testing Conditions: Testing is performed in specialized facilities where the only significant sound path between two rooms is through the test specimen, minimizing other influences such as flanking transmission.
• Test Specimen Requirements: The method specifies that test specimens for elements like walls or floors must be large enough to capture typical construction features and details, mounted similarly to actual installations for realistic results.
• Frequency Bands: Measurements are taken across a range of one-third octave frequency bands, typically from 100 Hz to 5000 Hz, covering the spectrum of most building acoustics applications.
• Test Equipment and Calibration: The use of high-precision microphones, analyzers, and sound sources is required, following international and ASTM specifications for accurate and repeatable results.
• Data Reporting: The standard prescribes detailed reporting requirements, including specimen descriptions, test conditions, and a summary of sound transmission loss across frequency ranges.

Applications

• Product Development and Certification: Manufacturers use ASTM E90 testing to certify the acoustic performance of partitions, doors, windows, and other products. This is essential for meeting performance claims and regulatory requirements.
• Building Design and Specification: Architects and engineers reference ASTM E90 results to select building materials and assemblies that satisfy project acoustical needs, aiding in achieving desired sound insulation between occupied spaces.
• Regulatory Compliance: The results from E90 tests can support compliance with building codes and standards that specify minimum sound transmission loss or sound transmission class (STC) requirements.
• Quality Assurance: Accredited laboratories use this method to benchmark and compare different construction products, ensuring consistency and reliability in sound insulation performance.

Related Standards

• ASTM E336: Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Attenuation between Rooms in Buildings (for field tests, not laboratory).
• ASTM E413: Classification for Rating Sound Insulation (Sound Transmission Class, or STC).
• ASTM E492: Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies.
• ASTM E2235: Determination of Decay Rates for Use in Sound Insulation Test Methods.
• ASTM E1425: Acoustical Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylight, and Glazed Wall Systems.
• ISO 717-1: Acoustics - Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements.
• ANSI/ASA S1.11: Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters.
• IEC 61672: Electroacoustics-Sound level meters.

Practical Value

Adhering to ASTM E90-23 allows manufacturers and designers to objectively compare and select building elements based on proven sound insulation performance. Using this standard ensures that testing procedures are consistent and results are comparable across different laboratories. While results provide an upper limit for sound isolation in real buildings-because site conditions may introduce additional sound paths-the data from ASTM E90 are invaluable for product development, specification, and regulatory compliance in the building and construction industries.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E90 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission
Loss of Building Partitions and Elements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E90; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This test method is part of a set for evaluating the sound-insulating properties of building elements.
It is designed to measure the transmission of sound through a partition or partition element in a
laboratory. Others in the set cover the measurement of sound isolation in buildings (Test Method
E336), the laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission through floors (Test Method E492),
the measurement of impact sound transmission in buildings (Test Method E1007), the measurement
of sound transmission through building facades and facade elements (Guide E966), the measurement
of sound transmission through a common plenum between two rooms (Test Method E1414), a quick
method for the determination of airborne sound isolation in multiunit buildings (Practice E597), and
the measurement of sound transmission through door panels and systems (Test Method E1425).
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of
airborne sound transmission loss of building partitions such as
2. Referenced Documents
walls of all kinds, operable partitions, floor-ceiling assemblies,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
doors, windows, roofs, panels, and other space-dividing ele-
C423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Absorp-
ments.
tion Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method
1.2 Laboratories are designed so the test specimen consti-
C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental
tutes the primary sound transmission path between the two test
Acoustics
rooms and so approximately diffuse sound fields exist in the
E336 Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound
rooms.
Attenuation between Rooms in Buildings
1.3 Laboratory Accreditation—The requirements for ac-
E413 Classification for Rating Sound Insulation
crediting a laboratory for performing this test method are given
E492 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact
in Annex A4.
Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the Using the Tapping Machine
E966 Guide for Field Measurements of Airborne Sound
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Attenuation of Building Facades and Facade Elements
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- E1007 Test Method for Field Measurement of Tapping
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Machine Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- Ceiling Assemblies and Associated Support Structures
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- E1111 Test Method for Measuring the Interzone Attenuation
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the of Open Office Components
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- E1289 Specification for Reference Specimen for Sound
Transmission Loss
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 on Building
and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E33.03 on Sound Transmission. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published January 2024. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E90 – 09 (2016). DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0090-23. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E90 − 23
are related by either of the two equations:
E1332 Classification for Rating Outdoor-Indoor Sound At-
tenuation
TL 5 10log~1/τ! (1)
E1414 Test Method for Airborne Sound Attenuation Be-
2TL/10
τ 5 10 (2)
tween Rooms Sharing a Common Ceiling Plenum
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
E1425 Practice for Determining the Acoustical Performance
3.2.1 The following terms are either not defined in the
of Windows, Doors, Skylight, and Glazed Wall Systems
terminology section of Terminology C634 or have definitions
E2235 Test Method for Determination of Decay Rates for
in this document different from those stated in the terminology
Use in Sound Insulation Test Methods
section of Terminology C634.
E3091 Specification for Systems to Measure Sound Levels
3.2.2 average sound pressure level, Lp, (dB), n—(1) in a
2.2 ANSI Standards:
specified frequency band within a defined measurement region,
ANSI/ASA S1.6-2016 American National Standard Pre-
a continuous time-averaged sound pressure level measured
ferred Frequencies, Frequency Levels, and Band Numbers
with a moving microphone; (2) for several related time-
for Acoustical Measurement
averaged sound pressure levels measured at different positions
ANSI/ASA S1.11-2014, Part 1/IEC 61260-1:2014
for the same length of time either simultaneously or
(R2019) Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-
sequentially, ten times the base 10 logarithm of the arithmetic
Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters
mean of the squared ratios of acoustic pressure to reference
ANSI/ASA S1.40-2006 Specifications and Verification Pro-
pressure (20 μPa) from which the individual sound pressure
cedures for Sound Calibrators
levels were derived.
2.3 IEC Standards:
IEC 60942:2003 Electroacoustics—Sound Calibrators 3.2.3 outdoor-indoor transmission class, OITC, n—of a
IEC 60942:2017 Electroacoustics—Sound Calibrators building façade or façade element, a single-number rating
IEC 61672-1:2013 Electroacoustics—Sound Level calculated in accordance with Classification E1332 using
Meters—Part 1: Specifications
values of sound transmission loss (TL).
IEC 61672-3:2013 Electroacoustics—Sound Level
4. Summary of Test Method
Meters—Part 3: Periodic tests
4.1 Two adjacent reverberation rooms are arranged with an
2.4 ISO Standards:
ISO 717-1:2013 Acoustics — Rating of sound insulation in opening between them in which the test partition is installed.
Care is taken that the only significant sound transmission path
buildings and of building elements — Part 1: Airborne
sound insulation between rooms is by way of the test partition. An approxi-
mately diffuse sound field is produced in one room, the source
ISO 3741:2010 Acoustics — Determination of sound power
levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using room. Sound incident on the test partition causes it to vibrate
and create a sound field in the second room, the receiving
sound pressure — Precision methods for reverberation test
room. The space- and time-averaged sound pressure levels in
rooms
the two rooms are determined. In addition, with the test
3. Terminology
specimen in place, the sound absorption in the receiving room
is determined. The sound pressure levels in the two rooms, the
3.1 Terms used in this standard are defined either in Termi-
sound absorption in the receiving room and the area of the
nology C634 or within this standard. The definition of terms
specimen are used to calculate sound transmission loss as
explicitly given within this standard take precedence over
shown in Section 11. Because sound transmission loss is a
definitions given in Terminology C634. The definitions within
function of frequency, measurements are made in a series of
the terminology section of Terminology C634 and this standard
frequency bands.
take precedence over any other definitions found in any other
documents, including documents that are referenced in this
4.2 In theory, it is not important which room is designated as
standard.
the source and which as the receiving room. In practice,
3.1.1 For the purposes of this test method, sound transmis-
different values of sound transmission loss may be measured
sion loss is operationally defined as the difference in decibels
when the roles are reversed. To compensate for this, the entire
between the average sound pressure levels in the reverberant
measurement may be repeated with the roles reversed; the
source and receiving rooms, plus ten times the common
source room becomes the receiving room and vice versa. The
logarithm of the ratio of the area of the common partition to the
two sets of sound transmission loss values are then averaged to
sound absorption in the receiving room (see Eq 5).
produce the final result for the laboratory.
NOTE 1—Sound transmission coefficient and sound transmission loss
4.3 Additional procedures that may be followed when
testing doors are given in Test Method E1425.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
5. Significance and Use
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5.1 Sound transmission loss as defined in Terminology
Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 rue de
Varembé, Case postale 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iec.ch.
C634, refers to the response of specimens exposed to a diffuse
incident sound field, and this is the test condition approached
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
by this laboratory test method. The test results are therefore
Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Switzerland, https://www.iso.org. most directly relevant to the performance of similar specimens
E90 − 23
exposed to similar sound fields. They provide, however, a average temperature of the specimen and in each room during
useful general measure of performance for the variety of sound all acoustical measurements shall be in the range 22 6 2°C.
fields to which a partition or element may typically be exposed.
NOTE 5—The sound damping properties of viscoelastic substrates
between panels (glass, metal, etc.) and of viscoelastic materials used to
5.2 In laboratories designed to satisfy the requirements of
mount glass often depend on temperature. This requirement minimizes
this test method, the intent is that only significant path for
any effects this has on measured sound transmission loss.
sound transmission between the rooms is through the test
6.6 During the sound pressure level and the corresponding
specimen. This is not generally the case in buildings where
sound absorption measurements, variations in temperature and
there are often many other paths for sounds—flanking sound
humidity in the receiving room shall not exceed 3°C and 3 %
transmission. Consequently sound ratings obtained using this
relative humidity respectively. Temperature and humidity shall
test method do not relate directly to sound isolation in
be measured and recorded as often as necessary to ensure
buildings; they represent an upper limit to what would be
compliance.
measured in a field test.
6.6.1 If a relative humidity of at least 30 % can not be
5.3 This test method is not intended for field tests. Field
maintained in the receiving room, users of the test method shall
tests shall be performed according to Test Method E336.
verify by calculation that changes in the 10 log A term (see
11.1) due to changes in temperature and humidity do not
NOTE 2—The comparable quantity measured using Test Method E336
is called the apparent sound transmission loss because of the presence of
exceed 0.5 dB.
flanking sound transmission.
NOTE 6—Procedures for calculating air absorption are described in Test
Method C423.
6. Test Rooms
6.1 The test rooms shall be so constructed and arranged that
7. Test Specimens
the test specimen constitutes the only important transmission
7.1 Size and Mounting—Any test specimen that is to typify
path between them. Laboratories must investigate their flank-
a wall or floor shall be large enough to include all the essential
ing limit and prepare a report as described in Annex A5.
constructional elements in their normal size, and in a propor-
6.2 The spatial variations of sound pressure level measured
tion typical of actual use. The minimum dimension (excluding
in the each room shall be such that the precision requirements
thickness) shall be 2.4 m, except that specimens of doors, office
in Annex A2 are satisfied at all frequencies.
screens, and other smaller building elements shall be their
customary size. Preformed panel structures should include at
6.3 Volume of Rooms—The minimum volume of each room
least two complete modules (panels plus edge mounting
is 80 m .
elements), although single panels can be tested. In all cases the
NOTE 3—See Appendix X1 for recommendations for new construction.
test specimen shall be installed in a manner similar to actual
6.4 Room Absorption—The sound absorption in the receiv-
construction, with a careful simulation of normal constraint
ing room should be low to achieve the best possible simulation
and sealing conditions at the perimeter and at joints within the
of the ideal diffuse field condition, and to minimize the region
field of the specimen. Detailed reporting and installation
dominated by the direct field of the test specimen. In the
procedures for particular types of building separation elements
1/3
frequency range that extends from f = 2000 ⁄V to 2000 Hz,
are given in Annex A1.
the absorption in the receiving room (as furnished with
7.2 Offıce Screens—The minimum area of an office screen
diffusers) should be no greater than:
specimen shall be 2.3 m . Testing an office screen according to
2/3
A 5 V /3 (3)
this test method is only appropriate when the property of
interest is sound transmission through the main body of the
where:
screen. Screens that incorporate electrical raceways may allow
V = the room volume, m , and
sound to pass through easily in this region. Such parts of an
A = the sound absorption of the room, m .
office screen shall be included as part of the specimen. For a
1/3
6.4.1 For frequencies below f = 2000 ⁄ V , somewhat
complete test of the screen as a barrier, including the effects of
higher absorption may be desirable to accommodate require-
diffraction and leakage, Test Method E1111 is recommended.
ments of other test methods (for example, ISO 3741); in any
7.3 Operable Door Systems—Measurements may be in
case, the absorption should be no greater than three times the
accordance with Test Method E1425 to evaluate door systems
value given by Eq 3.
in the operable and fully sealed state, and to measure the force
NOTE 4—For frequencies above 2000 Hz, atmospheric absorption may
required to operate the door.
make it impossible to avoid a slightly higher value than that given in Eq
3.
8. Test Signal Sound Sources
6.5 Unless otherwise specified, the average temperatures in
8.1 Signal Spectrum—The sound signals used for these tests
each room during all acoustical measurements shall be in the
shall be random noise having a continuous spectrum within
range 22 6 5°C and the average relative humidity shall be at
each test frequency band.
least 30 %.
6.5.1 When testing specimens with temperature sensitive 8.2 Sound Sources—Sound sources shall consist of one or
materials, such as systems that incorporate laminated glass, the more loudspeakers in an enclosure.
E90 − 23
NOTE 7—Sources should preferably be omnidirectional at all measure-
mended.) Amplifiers, filters, and electronic circuitry to process
ment frequencies to excite the sound field in the room as uniformly as
microphone signals and perform measurements shall satisfy the
possible. Using separate loudspeakers for high and low frequencies will
requirements of Section 5 and either Section 6 or Subsections
make the system more omnidirectional. Aiming the loudspeakers into
7.1–7.4 of Specification E3091. The system shall also include
corners of the room can reduce the direct field from the loudspeaker
the ability to measure time-average levels (as required of
system. An approximation to an omnidirectional speaker system can be
obtained by mounting an array of loudspeakers on the faces of a
integrating-averaging sound level meters) as specified in IEC
polyhedron (cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, etc.). Sources in trihedral
61672-1:2013, except that A, B, and C weighting networks are
corners of the room excite room modes more effectively and laboratory
not required since one-third octave band filters are used. All
operators may find that this orientation increases the low frequency sound
microphones used in testing according to this method shall be
pressure levels in the room.
of the same type.
8.3 Multiple Sound Sources—If a laboratory chooses to use
9.3 Calibration—Calibrate each microphone over the whole
multiple sound sources at different locations in the room
range of test frequencies as often as necessary to ensure the
simultaneously, they shall be driven by separate random noise
required accuracy (see IEC 61672-3:2013). A record shall be
generators and amplifiers.
NOTE 8—Measured values of sound transmission loss, especially at low
kept of the calibration data and the dates of calibration.
frequencies, may change significantly when sound source position is
9.3.1 Calibration checks of the entire measurement system
changed. Multiple sound sources driven by uncorrelated noise signals
for at least one frequency shall be made at least once during
have also been found to reduce the spatial variance of sound pressure level
each day of testing. Make the calibration check of the mea-
in reverberation rooms and thus make it easier to satisfy the requirements
surement system using an acoustic calibrator that generates a
of Annex A2.
known sound pressure level at the microphone diaphragm and
9. Instrumentation Requirements
at a known frequency. The class of Calibrator shall be class 1
per ANSI/ASA S1.40-2006, IEC 60942:2003, or IEC
9.1 Microphones and analyzers are used to measure average
60942:2017.
sound pressure levels in the source and receiving rooms and
sound decay rates in the receiving room. Various systems of
9.4 Bandwidth—The overall frequency response of the fil-
data collection and processing are possible, ranging from a
ters used to analyze the microphone signals shall, for each test
single microphone moving continuously or placed in sequence
band, conform to the specifications in ANSI S1.11 for a
at several measurement positions to several microphones
one-third octave band filter set, class 1 or better.
making simultaneous measurements (see Fig. 1 for two ex-
9.4.1 If filtering is applied to the source signals to concen-
amples). The measurement process must account for spatial
trate the available power in one test band or a few bands, the
and temporal variations of sound pressure level.
frequency range of the signal shall always be greater than the
frequency range of the microphone filter.
9.2 Microphone Electrical Requirements—Use micro-
phones that are stable and substantially omni-directional in the
9.5 Standard Test Frequencies—Measurements shall be
frequency range of measurement, with a known frequency
made in all one-third octave bands with mid-band frequencies
response for a random incidence sound field. (A 13-mm
specified in ANSI S1.11 from 100 to 5000 Hz. For sound
(0.5-in.) random-incidence condenser microphone is recom-
transmission loss measurements on building facades, exterior
doors or windows, or other building facade elements where the
outdoor-indoor transmission class is to be calculated, the
minimum frequency range shall be from 80 to 5000 Hz.
NOTE 9—It is desirable in any case that the frequency range be extended
to include bauds below 125 Hz. Many applications require information on
low frequency sound transmission loss and laboratory operators are
encouraged to collect and report information down to at least 50 Hz where
feasible. Note that larger room volumes are recommended when measur-
ing at lower frequencies (see X1.2).
10. Measurement of Average Sound Pressure Levels and
Room Sound Absorption
10.1 The microphone system used to obtain the average
sound pressure level must satisfy the requirements given in
Annex A2.
10.2 Measurement of Average Sound Pressure Levels, L
S
and L —With the sound sources generating the sound field in
R
NOTE 1—This figure is not meant to be a design guide but is for
one room, the source room, measure the space- and time-
illustrative purposes only. As an example, the room on the right has fixed
averaged sound pressure level in the source room, L , and in
S
microphones to measure average sound pressure level; the room on the left
the receiving room, L .
has a continuously moving microphone to measure average sound R
pressure level. Usually both rooms will have the same microphone system.
10.3 Adjustment of Average Receiving Room Levels—With
The loudspeakers in the rooms generate the incident sound fields for the
the sound sources not operating, measure the background noise
measurement of level differences or sound decay rates.
levels in the receiving room for each frequency band at the
FIG. 1 Illustration Showing Conceptual Arrangement of a Wall
Sound Transmission Loss Suite same microphone positions used to measure L . Make these
R
E90 − 23
measurements using the same microphone and analyzer gain 10.5 For estimates of the direction-averaged sound trans-
settings as used for measurements of the received level. This mission loss it is necessary to repeat all measurements with the
accounts properly for residual noise and the dynamic range in second room acting as the source. This results in four sets of
instrumentation. average sound pressure levels and two sets of room absorptions
10.3.1 Average receiving room levels shall be adjusted for
corresponding to the two directions of sound transmission.
background noise interference at each frequency band in
accordance with this section. Without any rounding beyond
11. Calculation
that inherent in the initial recording of the data, calculate the
11.1 For the chosen test directions), calculate the sound
difference between the average background noise level and the
transmission loss at each frequency f from:
average combined level in the receiving room. If the difference
is 6 dB or more, the adjusted value of the average receiving TL~f! 5 L ~f! 2 L ~f!110 logS/A ~f! (5)
S R R
room level shall be calculated as follows:
where:
L /10 L /10
R b
L 5 10log@10 2 10 # (4)
a
TL(f) = sound transmission loss, dB,
L (f) = average sound pressure level in the source room, dB,
S
where:
L (f) = average sound pressure level in the receiving room,
R
L = the average background noise level in each band, dB,
b
dB,
L = the average receiving room level (level of combined
R
S = area of test specimen that is exposed in the receiving
signal and background noise), dB, and
room, m , and
L = the adjusted average receiving room level, dB.
a
A (f) = sound absorption of the receiving room with the test
R
10.3.2 If the difference between the average background
specimen in place, m (1).
noise level and the average combined level in the receiving
11.2 When measurements are made in both directions, the
room is less than 6 dB, then subtract 1.26 dB from the
final value of sound transmission loss to be reported shall be
receiving room level and use the result as the adjusted average
calculated using:
receiving room level. In this case, the measurements shall only
be used to provide an estimate of the lower limit of the sound
TL~f! 5 ~TL ~f!1TL ~f!!/2 (6)
1 2
transmission loss or other derivative result. Identify such
where TL (f) and TL (f) correspond to the two directions of
1 2
measurements in the test report.
measurement.
NOTE 10—Noise measured by the microphone system in the receiving
11.2.1 If TL (f) or TL (f) is invalid (for example, because of
1 2
room when the sound sources are not operating may be due to extraneous
excessive background noise) then the remaining valid measure-
acoustical sources or to electrical noise in the receiving system, or both.
ment shall be used for TL(f). Identify in the test report sound
10.4 Determination of Receiving Room Absorption, A —
R
transmission loss values that are not averaged as required in
Measure the mean value of the receiving room absorption at
11.2.
each frequency in accordance with Test Method E2235. The
determination of A shall be made with the receiving room in
11.3 If a laboratory chooses to use only one direction of
R
the same condition as for the measurement of L and L .
measurement, then no averaging is required.
S R
Specifically, the test specimen shall remain in place so its
11.4 This test method specifies the use of one-third octave
effective absorption (which includes transmission back to the
bands for measurement and calculation of sound transmission
source room) is included. Sound sources used for measuring A
R
loss. It does not allow measurement of octave band sound
shall be present during the measurement of L , so their
R
transmission losses because these are very sensitive to the
absorption is present during both measurements.
shape of the spectrum in the source room and to the details of
10.4.1 Room Coupling—Because the two test rooms are
the sound transmission loss characteristics of the test panel. In
coupled by the test specimen, it is possible that the decay rate
applications where octave band sound transmission loss values,
measurements in the receiving room will be influenced by
TL , are required, they shall be calculated using the expres-
oct
sound energy transmitted into the source room and then back
sion:
again during the decay process (1). Decay curves may be
B 11
c
markedly curved or have two pronounced slopes. To ensure the
2TL /10
B
TL 5 210log 10 (7)
F G
oct,f (
c
effect will be small the product τS must be smaller than A , the 3
S B5B 21
c
absorption in the source room, or A , the absorption in the
R
where:
receiving room, or d /d , the ratio of decay rates in the two
S R
f = preferred octave band mid-band frequency as specified
c
rooms, must be larger than unity. The latter requirement may be
in ANSI S1.6.
met by adding absorption to the source room until no further
effect is observed on the measured value of d .
R
11.4.1 The summation is made over three one-third octave
band TL values: one at the frequency f with band number B
NOTE 11—Additional absorption in the source room is required only c c
during measurement of receiving room absorption. It shall not be present and the adjacent one-third octave bands, with band numbers
during measurement of L and L .
S R
B + 1 and B – 1. The octave band sound transmission loss
c c
values calculated from this expression approximate what
would be measured if the spectrum in the source room had the
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
this standard. same sound pressure level in each one-third octave band.
E90 − 23
12. Report 12.1.10.1 Sound Transmission Class—If single number rat-
ings are given, the sound transmission class described in
12.1 Include the following information in the test report:
Classification E413 shall be included.
12.1.1 A statement, if true in every respect, that the tests
were conducted according to this test method and that detailed
NOTE 12—The weighted airborne sound reduction indexes described in
ISO 717 have a similar purpose to STC. These may also be given.
test procedures, data for flanking limit tests, repeatability
measurements and reference specimen tests are available on
12.1.10.2 Outdoor-Indoor Transmission Class—Where the
request.
test specimen maybe used as part of a facade of a building, the
12.1.2 A description of the test specimen in accordance with
Outdoor-Indoor transmission class shall be included. This
the requirements in Annex A1. The description must be
single number rating is intended to rate the effectiveness of
sufficiently detailed to identify the specimen, at least for those
building facade elements at reducing transportation noise
elements that may affect its sound transmission loss, unless the
intrusion. The rating is described in Classification E1332.
test sponsor wishes to withhold information of a proprietary
13. Precision and Bias
nature. A designation and description furnished by the sponsor
of the test may be included in the report provided that they are 13.1 Precision—Measurements at one laboratory show that
attributed to the sponsor. If some details of the specimen the repeatability standard deviation for complete rebuilds of
construction are withheld at the sponsor’s request, the report wood joist floor ranged from about 1.5 to 3.5 dB in the
shall state this. frequency range 125 to 4 kHz. This repeatability includes
12.1.3 The dates of construction and testing. normal variations in materials but minimal changes in con-
struction techniques. The repeatability standard deviation for
12.1.4 If the test specimen is a screen, include a statement,
re-installation of a concrete slab was about 4.5 dB at 100 Hz
if true, that sound transmission through raceways and other
and below, about 3 dB from 125 to 630 Hz, and about 1.5 dB
penetrations are included in the evaluation.
above 630 Hz. Repeatability for this test method depends on
12.1.5 State clearly whether the sound transmission loss
the specimen type and not enough data have been collected to
values are for a single direction of measurement or are
allow more specific statements. From round robin testing on
averages of two directions.
copies of the reference specimen described in Specification
12.1.6 A table of sound transmission loss values rounded to
E1289, it has been determined that the reproducibility standard
the nearest decibel for the frequency bands required in 9.5 and
deviation is 2 dB or less at all frequencies from 125 to 4000
any other bands measured. These data may also be presented as
Hz. Further information can be found in reference (2).
a graph.
12.1.7 Identify data affected by flanking transmission (An-
13.2 Bias—There is no bias in this test method since the true
nex A5) or background noise.
value is defined by the test method.
12.1.8 The temperature and humidity in the rooms during
14. Keywords
the measurements.
12.1.9 The volumes of the source and receiving rooms.
14.1 airborne sound transmission loss; flanking transmis-
12.1.10 Single Number Ratings: sion; sound transmission coefficient; sound transmission loss
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. PREPARATION AND DESCRIPTION OF TEST SPECIMENS
A1.1 Scope: A1.2.1 The test specimen may either be built into a suitable
frame, which is then inserted in the test opening, or built into
A1.1.1 This annex gives requirements for the preparation,
the opening itself. Specimens shall be built in accordance with
installation and aging of test specimens and the description of
usual construction practice except that extra control procedures
the specimen and materials in the test report. The various types
may be necessary to ensure maintenance of the specified
of assemblies and materials are categorized and dealt with in
dimensions. The type of installation and the steps in construct-
separate sections.
ing the specimen (for example, plastering techniques) shall be
A1.1.2 The intent of fully describing the test specimen is
reported in detail.
that, given only the test report, some other laboratory would be
able to construct a specimen that would be practically identical.
A1.2.2 A description of the method of installation of the
NOTE A1.1—The use of sketches and photographs to clarify descrip-
specimen in the test opening, including the location of framing
tions of specimens is highly recommended.
members relative to the edges, and the treatment of the junction
A1.2 Construction: with the test opening shall be given in the test report. The use
E90 − 23
and type of caulking, gaskets, tape, or other sealant on concrete or masonry specimens by weighing a representative
perimeter or interior joints shall be carefully described. portion after test or by weighing a small specimen prepared
during construction in the same way as the main specimen.
A1.2.3 The specimen size, including thickness, and the
average mass per unit area shall always be reported.
A1.4.4 Aging—Unless a shorter aging period has been
established by following the procedures of A1.3.3, concrete or
A1.2.4 The curing period, if any, and the condition of the
masonry specimens shall be allowed to age a minimum of 28
specimen as tested (shrinkage, cracks, etc.) shall be reported.
days before testing.
A1.2.5 Composite Construction—If a test specimen in-
cludes more than one type of building material, the require- A1.5 Studs, Joists, Trusses, Wood or Metal Furring and
ments for each type shall be satisfied. For example, for a Beam-like Elements:
concrete block wall or a concrete floor slab to which plaster is
A1.5.1 Wood Studs, Joists, and Furring—State true as well
applied, the requirements for masonry and plaster must be
as nominal dimensions, spacing in test opening, fastening
satisfied.
conditions, and mass per unit length.
A1.3 Aging of Specimens:
A1.5.2 Studs or Furring Formed from Sheet Material—
Report the manufacturer and material. Report the dimensions,
A1.3.1 Aging—Unless otherwise noted below, all aging
including the thickness or gauge, the spacing in test opening,
shall be at a room temperature from 18 to 24°C and a relative
fastening conditions, and mass per unit length.
humidity from 40 to 70 %.
A1.5.3 Steel Joists or Wood Trusses—Report the manufac-
A1.3.2 Test specimens that incorporate materials for which
turer and materials. Report the dimensions, spacing in the test
there is a curing process (for example: adhesives, plasters,
opening, fastening conditions, and mass per unit length.
concrete, mortar, damping compound) shall age for a sufficient
interval before testing. Aging periods for certain common
A1.5.4 Metal Channels, Furring Strips, Nailing Channels,
materials are specified in this annex. Manufacturers may
etc.—Report the type of material, true dimensions, spacing and
supply information about curing times for their products.
orientation with respect to other floor elements, end-fastening
conditions, and mass per unit length.
A1.3.3 In the case of a specimen incorporating one or more
NOTE A1.2—For such elements, sketches or photographs can be most
materials whose aging characteristics are not known, repeated
effective.
tests shall be made to determine when the specimen has
stabilized. These repeated tests should be made every few days
A1.6 Sound Absorbing Materials:
until for three consecutive tests the change in the one-third
A1.6.1 Report the material, density, thickness, location, and
octave band sound pressure levels at each test frequency is
method of installation.
within the repeatability limits for the laboratory for repeat
testing of undisturbed specimens. When only one material with
A1.7 Plaster:
unknown aging characteristics is part of a specimen, the aging
A1.7.1 Plaster—Report the thickness of each layer, the
period determined in this way may be used in future tests. Test
materials used, and the method of application. The actual
data to support such aging information shall be kept on file in
thickness of plaster layers shall be determined, for example, by
the laboratory.
inspection of representative sections after test. Report the
A1.4 Concrete and Masonry:
weight per unit area.
A1.4.1 Concrete—Report the type, thickness, and density of
A1.7.2 Lathing—Report the dimensions of individual sec-
the concrete. In the case of poured reinforced concrete floors,
tions and orientation in the test specimen, mass per unit area of
the dimensions and the average weight per square meter of the
wall, number and location of fasteners (see Note A1.2), and
floor slab shall be reported. If reinforcing rods or wire mesh are
treatment of edges of specimen.
used, the dimensions, spacing, gauge and mesh size of these
A1.7.3 Aging of Plaster—Thick coats (greater than ⁄8 in.) of
materials shall be reported. In the case of precast or preformed
gypsum plaster shall age at least 28 days before testing;
solid concrete slabs or hollow-masonry panel structures, it is
superficial coats ( ⁄8 in. thick or less) shall age at least 3 days.
recommended that the test specimen include two or more
NOTE A1.3—Resilient fasteners can be short-circuited by plaster that
complete slabs or panel units.
oozes through the lath. If something is done to prevent this or to break the
short-circuits, it should be reported.
A1.4.2 Concrete or Other Poured Floor Toppings—
Concrete or gypsum concrete is often poured onto a steel pan
A1.8 Board Materials:
or a plywood subfloor. For such cases, report the average
A1.8.1 Report the number of layers, and for each the
thickness and the average weight per square meter of the slab.
Give all relevant dimensions if the supporting layer is not material, thickness, dimensions of panels, mass per unit area
and end, treatment of joints and edge, and field fastening
plane.
conditions.
A1.4.3 Masonry—Report the materials, dimensions, and
average weight of an individual masonry unit. Report the A1.8.2 Aging of Gypsum Wallboard—If gypsum wallboard
thickness of mortar and describe the materials used in its joints and edges are finished with typical joint caulking and
preparation. Determine the mass per unit area of completed finishing compounds, the minimum aging period shall be 12 h.
E90 − 23
A1.8.3 Laminating Adhesives—Report the type of adhesive, of how the specimen was constructed. Report information such
method of application, and thickness. as dimensions, density, spacing between elements and any
A1.8.3.1 If laminating adhesives are used, before testing the
other significant details.
specimen shall age a minimum of 14 days for water-based
A1.14 Demountable Modular Wall Panel Systems:
adhesives and 3 days for other adhesives.
A1.14.1 Materials and Construction—The testing labora-
A1.9 Subfloor and Other Sheet Materials:
tory shall report as much physical information as can be
A1.9.1 Sheet Materials—Report the material and orienta-
determined about the materials and method of assembly of all
tion in test specimen, the thickness and weight per square
components of the partition including weights and dimensions
meter for each layer, the number of layers, treatment of joints,
of the component parts and the average mass per unit area of
and the spacing and type of fasteners.
the completed partition.
A1.9.2 Resilient Sheet Underlayments—Report type of
A1.14.2 Installation—Installation of the test specimen shall
material, thickness, weight per square meter, and method of
be carried out or observed by the testing laboratory and
fastening.
reported in detail.
A1.10 Floor-Surfacing Materials:
A1.15 Operable (Folding or Sliding) Walls:
A1.10.1 The installation of floor-surfacing materials shall
be in accordance with manufacturer’s instruction, especially in A1.15.1 Materials and Construction—Report as much
regard to cleaning and priming of the subfloor.
physical information as can be determined about the materials
and method of assembly of all components of the partition
A1.10.2 Report the composition of individual floor-
including weights and dimensions of the component parts and
surfacing layers and orientation in the test specimen. Report
the average mass per unit area of the completed partition. If the
the thickness and weight per square meter of each layer,
specimen consists of an assembly of panels, the number and
number of layers, treatment of joints, spacing and type of
dimensions of panels shall be reported. If the specimen is an
fasteners.
accordion-type partition, the number of volutes, their spacing,
A1.10.3 Aging—It is recommended that flooring materials,
and width when extended, shall be reported. Header construc-
including underlayments and adhesives, be stored in an envi-
tion and dimensions shall be reported. Weights of header and
ronment similar to that of the upper room of the test suite for
the hanging portion of the door shall be reported. Latching and
at least 72 h before installation, preferably with bundles or
sealing devices shall be fully described.
cartons broken open. A temperature of 15 to 25°C and a
relative humidity of 30 to 60 % are recommended. This
A1.15.2 Installation—Installation of the test specimen shall
procedure is recommended for installation of any flooring
be carried out or observed by the testing laboratory and
material whether by nailing or adhesive techniques. Although
reported in detail. Clearances at the perimeter between non-
most floors are ready for immediate use after being installed if
deformable portions of door and frame shall be measured and
no adhesives are used, if floor surfaces are finished with a
reported. In particular, any features of the installation that
quick drying sealer and finishing compounds, the minimum
require dimensional control closer than 6 mm on the height or
aging period shall be 12 h.
width or the test specimen shall be reported.
A1.11 Sealants and Adhesives :
A1.15.3 Operation—The specimen shall not be designated
A1.11.1 Adhesives and materials used to caulk or seal gaps an operable wall unless it opens and closes in a normal manner.
It shall be fully opened and closed at least five times after
and fissures around the periphery of a specimen shall be listed
by brand name and type. Methods of application and approxi- installation is completed and tested without further adjust-
mate dimensions shall be reported. ments.
A1.11.2 Aging—If adhesives are used to apply wood block
A1.15.4 The specimen area shall include the header and
or tile flooring materials to the floor surface, the specimen shall
other framing elements if these constitute a portion of the
age for a minimum of 24 h. If significant quantities of caulking
separating partition in a typical installation.
or adhesive materials are required and no recommended aging
period is given, appropriate procedures to determine the A1.16 Doors—Procedures that may be followed when test-
necessary aging period shall be used (see A1.3.3).
ing doors are given in Test Method E1425. The specimen shall
not be designated a door unless it opens and closes in a normal
A1.12 Fasteners:
manner. The report shall state whether it had been operated just
A1.12.1 Where screws, nails, or other fasteners are used,
prior to test.
report their type, dimensions, and method of installation.
A1.17 Windows—Window specimens intended to be oper-
Report also the spacing between fasteners around the periphery
able shall open and close in a normal manner. They shall be
and in the field of the specimen.
fully opened and closed at least five times after installation is
A1.13 Other Elements:
completed and tested without further adjustments. The report
shall state whether the window is operable or fixed and whether
A1.13.1 For all other elements not covered by the above,
report as much information as will allow a clear understanding it had been operated just prior to test.
E90 − 23
A2. QUALIFICATION OF ROOM SOUND FIELDS AND MICROPHONE SYSTEMS USED FOR SAMPLING
A2.1 Scope: Thus at 125 Hz, the minimum averaging time for confidence
limits of 60.5 dB is 9.9 s. At 100 Hz, a minimum averaging
A2.1.1 This annex prescribes procedures for establishing a
time of 12.4 s is required. For more information, see Ref (4).
standard measurement protocol for obtaining the average
sound pressure levels in a reverberation room with confidence
A2.3.1 If a moving or rotating diffuser is used, determine
intervals small enough for the purposes of this test method.
the average sound pressure level at each microphone position
during an integral number of diffuser cycles. Alternatively,
A2.1.2 One principle underlying this test method is that the
average over a time so long that contributions from fractions of
reverberant sound fields in the rooms show only small varia-
a diffuser cycle are negligible.
tions wi
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E90 − 09 (Reapproved 2016) E90 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission
Loss of Building Partitions and Elements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E90; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This test method is part of a set for evaluating the sound-insulating properties of building elements.
It is designed to measure the transmission of sound through a partition or partition element in a
laboratory. Others in the set cover the measurement of sound isolation in buildings (Test Method
E336), the laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission through floors (Test Method E492),
the measurement of impact sound transmission in buildings (Test Method E1007), the measurement
of sound transmission through building facades and facade elements (Guide E966), the measurement
of sound transmission through a common plenum between two rooms (Test Method E1414), a quick
method for the determination of airborne sound isolation in multiunit buildings (Practice E597), and
the measurement of sound transmission through door panels and systems (Test Method E1425).
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of airborne sound transmission loss of building partitions such as walls
of all kinds, operable partitions, floor-ceiling assemblies, doors, windows, roofs, panels, and other space-dividing elements.
1.2 Laboratories are designed so the test specimen constitutes the primary sound transmission path between the two test rooms
and so approximately diffuse sound fields exist in the rooms.
1.3 Laboratory Accreditation—The requirements for accrediting a laboratory for performing this test method are given in Annex
A4.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 on Building and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E33.03
on Sound Transmission.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016Dec. 1, 2023. Published January 2017January 2024. Originally approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 20092016 as
E90 – 09.E90 – 09 (2016). DOI: 10.1520/E0090-09R16.10.1520/E0090-23.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E90 − 23
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Absorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method
C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
E336 Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Attenuation between Rooms in Buildings
E413 Classification for Rating Sound Insulation
E492 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the
Tapping Machine
E966 Guide for Field Measurements of Airborne Sound Attenuation of Building Facades and Facade Elements
E1007 Test Method for Field Measurement of Tapping Machine Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies
and Associated Support Structures
E1111 Test Method for Measuring the Interzone Attenuation of Open Office Components
E1289 Specification for Reference Specimen for Sound Transmission Loss
E1332 Classification for Rating Outdoor-Indoor Sound Attenuation
E1414 Test Method for Airborne Sound Attenuation Between Rooms Sharing a Common Ceiling Plenum
E1425 Practice for Determining the Acoustical Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylight, and Glazed Wall Systems
E2235 Test Method for Determination of Decay Rates for Use in Sound Insulation Test Methods
E3091 Specification for Systems to Measure Sound Levels
2.2 ANSI Standards:
S1.6-1984 (R2006)ANSI/ASA S1.6-2016 American National Standard Preferred Frequencies, Frequency Levels, and Band
Numbers for Acoustical Measurement
S1.10 Pressure Calibration of Laboratory Standard Pressure Microphones
S1.11ANSI/ASA S1.11-2014, Part 1/IEC 61260-1:2014 (R2019) Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-Band
Analog and Digital Filters
S1.40ANSI/ASA S1.40-2006 Specifications and Verification Procedures for Sound Calibrators
S1.43 Specifications for Integrating-Averaging Sound-Level Meters
S12.51 Acoustics—Determination of Sound Power Levels of Noise Sources Using Sound Pressure—Precision Methods for
Reverberation Rooms
2.3 ISO Standards:
ISO 717 Rating of Sound Insulation for Dwellings
ISO 3741 Acoustics—Determination of Sound Power Level of Noise Sources—Precision Methods for Reverberation Rooms
2.3 IEC Standards:
IEC 6094260942:2003 Electroacoustics—Sound Calibrators
IEC 60942:2017 Electroacoustics—Sound Calibrators
IEC 6167261672-1:2013 Electroacoustics—Sound Level Meters—Part 1: Specifications
IEC 61672-3:2013 Electroacoustics—Sound Level Meters—Part 3: Periodic tests
2.4 ISO Standards:
ISO 717-1:2013 Acoustics — Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 1: Airborne sound
insulation
ISO 3741:2010 Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound
pressure — Precision methods for reverberation test rooms
3. Terminology
3.1 The following terms Terms used in this test method have specific meanings that are defined standard are defined either in
Terminology C634 or within this standard. The definition of terms explicitly given within this standard take precedence over
definitions given in Terminology C634. The definitions within the terminology section of Terminology C634 and this standard take
precedence over any other definitions found in any other documents, including documents that are referenced in this standard.
acoustical barrier reverberation room
airborne sound sound absorption
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 rue de Varembé, Case postale 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iec.ch.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland,
https://www.iso.org.
E90 − 23
average sound pressure level sound attenuation
background noise sound energy
damp sound insulation
decay rate sound isolation
decibel sound level
diffraction sound power
diffuse sound field sound pressure
direct sound field sound pressure level
flanking transmission sound transmission level
level sound transmission class
octave band sound transmission coefficient
pink noise sound transmission loss
receiving room source room
reverberant sound field unit
3.1.1 For the purposes of this test method, sound transmission loss is operationally defined as the difference in decibels between
the average sound pressure levels in the reverberant source and receiving rooms, plus ten times the common logarithm of the ratio
of the area of the common partition to the sound absorption in the receiving room (see Eq 5).
NOTE 1—Sound transmission coefficient and sound transmission loss are related by either of the two equations:
TL 5 10log 1/τ (1)
~ !
2TL/10
τ5 10 (2)
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 The following terms are either not defined in the terminology section of Terminology C634 or have definitions in this
document different from those stated in the terminology section of Terminology C634.
3.2.2 average sound pressure level, Lp, (dB), n—(1) in a specified frequency band within a defined measurement region, a
continuous time-averaged sound pressure level measured with a moving microphone; (2) for several related time-averaged sound
pressure levels measured at different positions for the same length of time either simultaneously or sequentially, ten times the base
10 logarithm of the arithmetic mean of the squared ratios of acoustic pressure to reference pressure (20 μPa) from which the
individual sound pressure levels were derived.
3.2.3 outdoor-indoor transmission class, OITC, n—of a building façade or façade element, a single-number rating calculated in
accordance with Classification E1332 using values of sound transmission loss (TL).
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Two adjacent reverberation rooms are arranged with an opening between them in which the test partition is installed. Care is
taken that the only significant sound transmission path between rooms is by way of the test partition. An approximately diffuse
sound field is produced in one room, the source room. Sound incident on the test partition causes it to vibrate and create a sound
field in the second room, the receiving room. The space- and time-averaged sound pressure levels in the two rooms are determined.
In addition, with the test specimen in place, the sound absorption in the receiving room is determined. The sound pressure levels
in the two rooms, the sound absorption in the receiving room and the area of the specimen are used to calculate sound transmission
loss as shown in Section 11. Because sound transmission loss is a function of frequency, measurements are made in a series of
frequency bands.
4.2 In theory, it is not important which room is designated as the source and which as the receiving room. In practice, different
values of sound transmission loss may be measured when the roles are reversed. To compensate for this, the entire measurement
may be repeated with the roles reversed; the source room becomes the receiving room and vice versa. The two sets of sound
transmission loss values are then averaged to produce the final result for the laboratory.
4.3 Additional procedures that may be followed when testing doors are given in Test Method E1425.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Sound transmission loss as defined in Terminology C634, refers to the response of specimens exposed to a diffuse incident
sound field, and this is the test condition approached by this laboratory test method. The test results are therefore most directly
E90 − 23
relevant to the performance of similar specimens exposed to similar sound fields. They provide, however, a useful general measure
of performance for the variety of sound fields to which a partition or element may typically be exposed.
5.2 In laboratories designed to satisfy the requirements of this test method, the intent is that only significant path for sound
transmission between the rooms is through the test specimen. This is not generally the case in buildings where there are often many
other paths for sounds—flanking sound transmission. Consequently sound ratings obtained using this test method do not relate
directly to sound isolation in buildings; they represent an upper limit to what would be measured in a field test.
5.3 This test method is not intended for field tests. Field tests shall be performed according to Test Method E336.
NOTE 2—The comparable quantity measured using Test Method E336 is called the apparent sound transmission loss because of the presence of flanking
sound transmission.
6. Test Rooms
6.1 The test rooms shall be so constructed and arranged that the test specimen constitutes the only important transmission path
between them. Laboratories must investigate their flanking limit and prepare a report as described in Annex A5.
6.2 The spatial variations of sound pressure level measured in the each room shall be such that the precision requirements in
Annex A2 are satisfied at all frequencies.
6.3 Volume of Rooms—The minimum volume of each room is 80 m .
NOTE 3—See Appendix X1 for recommendations for new construction.
6.4 Room Absorption—The sound absorption in the receiving room should be low to achieve the best possible simulation of the
ideal diffuse field condition, and to minimize the region dominated by the direct field of the test specimen. In the frequency range
1/3
that extends from f = 2000 ⁄V to 2000 Hz, the absorption in the receiving room (as furnished with diffusers) should be no greater
than:
2/3
A 5 V /3 (3)
where:
V = the room volume, m , and
A = the sound absorption of the room, m .
1/3
6.4.1 For frequencies below f = 2000 ⁄ V , somewhat higher absorption may be desirable to accommodate requirements of other
test methods (for example, ISO 3741); in any case, the absorption should be no greater than three times the value given by Eq 3.
NOTE 4—For frequencies above 2000 Hz, atmospheric absorption may make it impossible to avoid a slightly higher value than that given in Eq 3.
6.5 Unless otherwise specified, the average temperatures in each room during all acoustical measurements shall be in the range
22 6 5°C and the average relative humidity shall be at least 30 %.
6.5.1 When testing specimens with temperature sensitive materials, such as systems that incorporate laminated glass, the average
temperature of the specimen and in each room during all acoustical measurements shall be in the range 22 6 2°C.
NOTE 5—The sound damping properties of viscoelastic substrates between panels (glass, metal, etc.) and of viscoelastic materials used to mount glass
often depend on temperature. This requirement minimizes any effects this has on measured sound transmission loss.
6.6 During the sound pressure level and the corresponding sound absorption measurements, variations in temperature and
humidity in the receiving room shall not exceed 3°C and 3 % relative humidity respectively. Temperature and humidity shall be
measured and recorded as often as necessary to ensure compliance.
6.6.1 If a relative humidity of at least 30 % can not be maintained in the receiving room, users of the test method shall verify by
calculation that changes in the 10 log A term (see 11.1) due to changes in temperature and humidity do not exceed 0.5 dB.
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NOTE 6—Procedures for calculating air absorption are described in Test Method C423.
7. Test Specimens
7.1 Size and Mounting—Any test specimen that is to typify a wall or floor shall be large enough to include all the essential
constructional elements in their normal size, and in a proportion typical of actual use. The minimum dimension (excluding
thickness) shall be 2.4 m, except that specimens of doors, office screens, and other smaller building elements shall be their
customary size. Preformed panel structures should include at least two complete modules (panels plus edge mounting elements),
although single panels can be tested. In all cases the test specimen shall be installed in a manner similar to actual construction,
with a careful simulation of normal constraint and sealing conditions at the perimeter and at joints within the field of the specimen.
Detailed reporting and installation procedures for particular types of building separation elements are given in Annex A1.
7.2 Offıce Screens—The minimum area of an office screen specimen shall be 2.3 m . Testing an office screen according to this test
method is only appropriate when the property of interest is sound transmission through the main body of the screen. Screens that
incorporate electrical raceways may allow sound to pass through easily in this region. Such parts of an office screen shall be
included as part of the specimen. For a complete test of the screen as a barrier, including the effects of diffraction and leakage,
Test Method E1111 is recommended.
7.3 Operable Door Systems—Measurements may be in accordance with Test Method E1425 to evaluate door systems in the
operable and fully sealed state, and to measure the force required to operate the door.
8. Test Signal Sound Sources
8.1 Signal Spectrum—The sound signals used for these tests shall be random noise having a continuous spectrum within each test
frequency band.
8.2 Sound Sources—Sound sources shall consist of one or more loudspeakers in an enclosure.
NOTE 7—Sources should preferably be omnidirectional at all measurement frequencies to excite the sound field in the room as uniformly as possible.
Using separate loudspeakers for high and low frequencies will make the system more omnidirectional. Aiming the loudspeakers into corners of the room
can reduce the direct field from the loudspeaker system. An approximation to an omnidirectional speaker system can be obtained by mounting an array
of loudspeakers on the faces of a polyhedron (cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, etc.). Sources in trihedral corners of the room excite room modes more
effectively and laboratory operators may find that this orientation increases the low frequency sound pressure levels in the room.
8.3 Multiple Sound Sources—If a laboratory chooses to use multiple sound sources at different locations in the room
simultaneously, they shall be driven by separate random noise generators and amplifiers.
NOTE 8—Measured values of sound transmission loss, especially at low frequencies, may change significantly when sound source position is changed.
Multiple sound sources driven by uncorrelated noise signals have also been found to reduce the spatial variance of sound pressure level in reverberation
rooms and thus make it easier to satisfy the requirements of Annex A2.
9. Instrumentation Requirements
9.1 Microphones and analyzers are used to measure average sound pressure levels in the source and receiving rooms and sound
decay rates in the receiving room. Various systems of data collection and processing are possible, ranging from a single microphone
moving continuously or placed in sequence at several measurement positions to several microphones making simultaneous
measurements (see Fig. 1 for two examples). The measurement process must account for spatial and temporal variations of sound
pressure level.
9.2 Microphone Electrical Requirements—Use microphones that are stable and substantially omni-directional in the frequency
range of measurement, with a known frequency response for a random incidence sound field. (A 13-mm (0.5-in.) random-incidence
condenser microphone is recommended.) Specifically, microphones, amplifiers, Amplifiers, filters, and electronic circuitry to
process microphone signals must and perform measurements shall satisfy the requirements of ANSI S1.43 or IEC 61672 for
classSection 5 and either Section 6 or Subsections 7.1–7.4 of Specification E30911 sound level meters, . The system shall also
include the ability to measure time-average levels (as required of integrating-averaging sound level meters) as specified in IEC
61672-1:2013, except that A, B, and C weighting networks are not required since one-third octave band filters are used. All
microphones used in testing according to this method shall be of the same type.
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NOTE 1—This figure is not meant to be a design guide but is for illustrative purposes only. As an example, the room on the right has fixed microphones
to measure average sound pressure level; the room on the left has a continuously moving microphone to measure average sound pressure level. Usually
both rooms will have the same microphone system. The loudspeakers in the rooms generate the incident sound fields for the measurement of level
differences or sound decay rates.
FIG. 1 Illustration Showing Conceptual Arrangement of a Wall Sound Transmission Loss Suite
9.3 Calibration—Calibrate each microphone over the whole range of test frequencies as often as necessary to ensure the required
accuracy (see ANSI S1.10).IEC 61672-3:2013). A record shall be kept of the calibration data and the dates of calibration.
9.3.1 Calibration checks of the entire measurement system for at least one frequency shall be made at least once during each day
of testing. Make the calibration check of the measurement system using an acoustic calibrator that generates a known sound
pressure level at the microphone diaphragm and at a known frequency. The class of Calibrator shall be class 1 per ANSI S1.40
or IEC 60942.ANSI/ASA S1.40-2006, IEC 60942:2003, or IEC 60942:2017.
9.4 Bandwidth—The overall frequency response of the filters used to analyze the microphone signals shall, for each test band,
conform to the specifications in ANSI S1.11 for a one-third octave band filter set, class 1 or better.
9.4.1 If filtering is applied to the source signals to concentrate the available power in one test band or a few bands, the frequency
range of the signal shall always be greater than the frequency range of the microphone filter.
9.5 Standard Test Frequencies—Measurements shall be made in all one-third-octave one-third octave bands with mid-band
frequencies specified in ANSI S1.11 from 100 to 5000 Hz. For sound transmission loss measurements on building facades, exterior
doors or windows, or other building facade elements where the outdoor-indoor transmission class is to be calculated, the minimum
frequency range shall be from 80 to 5000 Hz.
NOTE 9—It is desirable in any case that the frequency range be extended to include bauds below 125 Hz. Many applications require information on low
frequency sound transmission loss and laboratory operators are encouraged to collect and report information down to at least 50 Hz where feasible. Note
that larger room volumes are recommended when measuring at lower frequencies (see X1.2).
10. Measurement of Average Sound Pressure Levels and Room Sound Absorption
10.1 The microphone system used to obtain the average sound pressure level must satisfy the requirements given in Annex A2.
10.2 Measurement of Average Sound Pressure Levels, L and L —With the sound sources generating the sound field in one room,
S R
the source room, measure the space- and time-averaged sound pressure level in the source room, L , and in the receiving room,
S
L .
R
10.3 Background Noise in the Receiving Room and Associated Measurement System—Adjustment of Average Receiving Room
Levels—With the sound sources not operating, measure the background noise levels in the receiving room for each frequency band
at the same microphone positions used to measure L . Make these measurements using the same microphone and analyzer gain
R
settings as used for measurements of the received level. This accounts properly for residual noise and the dynamic range in
instrumentation. At each measurement position corrections shall be made unless the background level is more than 10 dB below
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the combination of signal and background. (The signal is the sound pressure level due to transmission through the test specimen.)
If the background level is between 5 and 10 dB below the combined level, correct the signal level using:
L /10 L /10
sb b
L 5 10log 10 2 10 (4)
@ #
a
10.3.1 Average receiving room levels shall be adjusted for background noise interference at each frequency band in accordance
with this section. Without any rounding beyond that inherent in the initial recording of the data, calculate the difference between
the average background noise level and the average combined level in the receiving room. If the difference is 6 dB or more, the
adjusted value of the average receiving room level shall be calculated as follows:
L /10 L /10
R b
L 5 10log 10 2 10 (4)
@ #
a
where:
L = the average background noise level in each band, dB,
b
L = the average receiving room level (level of combined signal and background noise), dB, and
R
L = the adjusted average receiving room level, dB.
a
where:
L = background noise level, dB,
b
L = level of signal and background combined, dB, and
sb
L = adjusted signal level, dB.
a
10.3.2 If the output of the sound sources cannot be increased so the combined level is at least 5 dB above the background level,
then subtract 2difference between the average background noise level and the average combined level in the receiving room is less
than 6 dB, then subtract 1.26 dB from the combined receiving room level and use this as the corrected signal the result as the
adjusted average receiving room level. In this case, the measurements can shall only be used only to provide an estimate of the
lower limit of the sound transmission loss. loss or other derivative result. Identify such measurements in the test report.
NOTE 10—Noise measured by the microphone system in the receiving room when the sound sources are not operating may be due to extraneous acoustical
sources or to electrical noise in the receiving system, or both.
10.4 Determination of Receiving Room Absorption, A —Measure the mean value of the receiving room absorption at each
R
frequency in accordance with Test Method E2235. The determination of A shall be made with the receiving room in the same
R
condition as for the measurement of L and L . Specifically, the test specimen shall remain in place so its effective absorption
S R
(which includes transmission back to the source room) is included. Sound sources used for measuring A shall be present during
R
the measurement of L , so their absorption is present during both measurements.
R
10.4.1 Room Coupling—Because the two test rooms are coupled by the test specimen, it is possible that the decay rate
measurements in the receiving room will be influenced by sound energy transmitted into the source room and then back again
during the decay process (1). Decay curves may be markedly curved or have two pronounced slopes. To ensure the effect will
be small the product τS must be smaller than A , the absorption in the source room, or A , the absorption in the receiving room,
S R
or d /d , the ratio of decay rates in the two rooms, must be larger than unity. The latter requirement may be met by adding
S R
absorption to the source room until no further effect is observed on the measured value of d .
R
NOTE 11—Additional absorption in the source room is required only during measurement of receiving room absorption. It shall not be present during
measurement of L and L .
S R
10.5 For estimates of the direction-averaged sound transmission loss it is necessary to repeat all measurements with the second
room acting as the source. This results in four sets of average sound pressure levels and two sets of room absorptions corresponding
to the two directions of sound transmission.
11. Calculation
11.1 For the chosen test directions), calculate the sound transmission loss at each frequency f from:
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
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TL f 5 L f 2 L f 110logS/A f (5)
~ ! ~ ! ~ ! ~ !
S R R
where:
TL(f) = sound transmission loss, dB,
L (f) = average sound pressure level in the source room, dB,
S
L (f) = average sound pressure level in the receiving room, dB,
R
S = area of test specimen that is exposed in the receiving room, m , and
A (f) = sound absorption of the receiving room with the test specimen in place, m (1).
R
11.2 When measurements are made in both directions, the final value of sound transmission loss to be reported shall be calculated
using:
TL~f! 5 ~TL ~f!1TL ~f!!/2 (6)
1 2
where TL (f) and TL (f) correspond to the two directions of measurement.
1 2
11.2.1 If TL (f) or TL (f) is invalid (for example, because of excessive background noise) then the remaining valid measurement
1 2
shall be used for TL(f). Identify in the test report sound transmission loss values that are not averaged as required in 11.2.
11.3 If a laboratory chooses to use only one direction of measurement, then no averaging is required.
11.4 This test method specifies the use of one-third octave bands for measurement and calculation of sound transmission loss. It
does not allow measurement of octave band sound transmission losses because these are very sensitive to the shape of the spectrum
in the source room and to the details of the sound transmission loss characteristics of the test panel. In applications where octave
band sound transmission loss values, TL , are required, they shall be calculated using the expression:
oct
B 11
c
2TL /10
B
TL 5210log 10 (7)
F G
oct,f (
c
B5B 21
c
where:
f = preferred octave band mid-band frequency as specified in ANSI S1.6.
c
11.4.1 The summation is made over three one-third octave band TL values: one at the frequency f with band number B and the
c c
adjacent one-third octave bands, with band numbers B + 1 and B – 1. The octave band sound transmission loss values calculated
c c
from this expression approximate what would be measured if the spectrum in the source room had the same sound pressure level
in each one-third octave band.
12. Report
12.1 Include the following information in the test report:
12.1.1 A statement, if true in every respect, that the tests were conducted according to this test method and that detailed test
procedures, data for flanking limit tests, repeatability measurements and reference specimen tests are available on request.
12.1.2 A description of the test specimen in accordance with the requirements in Annex A1. The description must be sufficiently
detailed to identify the specimen, at least for those elements that may affect its sound transmission loss, unless the test sponsor
wishes to withhold information of a proprietary nature. A designation and description furnished by the sponsor of the test may be
included in the report provided that they are attributed to the sponsor. If some details of the specimen construction are withheld
at the sponsor’s request, the report shall state this.
12.1.3 The dates of construction and testing.
12.1.4 If the test specimen is a screen, include a statement, if true, that sound transmission through raceways and other penetrations
are included in the evaluation.
12.1.5 State clearly whether the sound transmission loss values are for a single direction of measurement or are averages of two
directions.
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12.1.6 A table of sound transmission loss values rounded to the nearest decibel for the frequency bands required in 9.5 and any
other bands measured. These data may also be presented as a graph.
12.1.7 Identify data affected by flanking transmission (Annex A5) or background noise.
12.1.8 The temperature and humidity in the rooms during the measurements.
12.1.9 The volumes of the source and receiving rooms.
12.1.10 Single Number Ratings:
12.1.10.1 Sound Transmission Class—If single number ratings are given, the sound transmission class described in Classification
E413 shall be included.
NOTE 12—The weighted airborne sound reduction indexes described in ISO 717 have a similar purpose to STC. These may also be given.
12.1.10.2 Outdoor-Indoor Transmission Class—Where the test specimen maybe used as part of a facade of a building, the
Outdoor-Indoor transmission class shall be included. This single number rating is intended to rate the effectiveness of building
facade elements at reducing transportation noise intrusion. The rating is described in Classification E1332.
13. Precision and Bias
13.1 Precision—Measurements at one laboratory show that the repeatability standard deviation for complete rebuilds of wood joist
floor ranged from about 1.5 to 3.5 dB in the frequency range 125 to 4 kHz. This repeatability includes normal variations in
materials but minimal changes in construction techniques. The repeatability standard deviation for re-installation of a concrete slab
was about 4.5 dB at 100 Hz and below, about 3 dB from 125 to 630 Hz, and about 1.5 dB above 630 Hz. Repeatability for this
test method depends on the specimen type and not enough data have been collected to allow more specific statements. From round
robin testing on copies of the reference specimen described in Specification E1289, it has been determined that the reproducibility
standard deviation is 2 dB or less at all frequencies from 125 to 4000 Hz. Further information can be found in reference (2).
13.2 Bias—There is no bias in this test method since the true value is defined by the test method.
14. Keywords
14.1 airborne sound transmission loss; flanking transmission; sound transmission coefficient; sound transmission loss; losstrans-
mission loss
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. PREPARATION AND DESCRIPTION OF TEST SPECIMENS
A1.1 Scope:
A1.1.1 This annex gives requirements for the preparation, installation and aging of test specimens and the description of the
specimen and materials in the test report. The various types of assemblies and materials are categorized and dealt with in separate
sections.
A1.1.2 The intent of fully describing the test specimen is that, given only the test report, some other laboratory would be able to
construct a specimen that would be practically identical.
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NOTE A1.1—The use of sketches and photographs to clarify descriptions of specimens is highly recommended.
A1.2 Construction:
A1.2.1 The test specimen may either be built into a suitable frame, which is then inserted in the test opening, or built into the
opening itself. Specimens shall be built in accordance with usual construction practice except that extra control procedures may
be necessary to ensure maintenance of the specified dimensions. The type of installation and the steps in constructing the specimen
(for example, plastering techniques) shall be reported in detail.
A1.2.2 A description of the method of installation of the specimen in the test opening, including the location of framing members
relative to the edges, and the treatment of the junction with the test opening shall be given in the test report. The use and type of
caulking, gaskets, tape, or other sealant on perimeter or interior joints shall be carefully described.
A1.2.3 The specimen size, including thickness, and the average mass per unit area shall always be reported.
A1.2.4 The curing period, if any, and the condition of the specimen as tested (shrinkage, cracks, etc.) shall be reported.
A1.2.5 Composite Construction—If a test specimen includes more than one type of building material, the requirements for each
type shall be satisfied. For example, for a concrete block wall or a concrete floor slab to which plaster is applied, the requirements
for masonry and plaster must be satisfied.
A1.3 Aging of Specimens:
A1.3.1 Aging—Unless otherwise noted below, all aging shall be at a room temperature from 18 to 24°C and a relative humidity
from 40 to 70 %.
A1.3.2 Test specimens that incorporate materials for which there is a curing process (for example: adhesives, plasters, concrete,
mortar, damping compound) shall age for a sufficient interval before testing. Aging periods for certain common materials are
specified in this annex. Manufacturers may supply information about curing times for their products.
A1.3.3 In the case of a specimen incorporating one or more materials whose aging characteristics are not known, repeated tests
shall be made to determine when the specimen has stabilized. These repeated tests should be made every few days until for three
consecutive tests the change in the one-third octave band sound pressure levels at each test frequency is within the repeatability
limits for the laboratory for repeat testing of undisturbed specimens. When only one material with unknown aging characteristics
is part of a specimen, the aging period determined in this way may be used in future tests. Test data to support such aging
information shall be kept on file in the laboratory.
A1.4 Concrete and Masonry:
A1.4.1 Concrete—Report the type, thickness, and density of the concrete. In the case of poured reinforced concrete floors, the
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dimensions and the average weight per square meter of the floor slab shall be reported. If reinforcing rods or wire mesh are used,
the dimensions, spacing, gauge and mesh size of these materials shall be reported. In the case of precast or preformed solid concrete
slabs or hollow-masonry panel structures, it is recommended that the test specimen include two or more complete slabs or panel
units.
A1.4.2 Concrete or Other Poured Floor Toppings—Concrete or gypsum concrete is often poured onto a steel pan or a plywood
subfloor. For such cases, report the average thickness and the average weight per square meter of the slab. Give all relevant
dimensions if the supporting layer is not plane.
A1.4.3 Masonry—Report the materials, dimensions, and average weight of an individual masonry unit. Report the thickness of
mortar and describe the materials used in its preparation. Determine the mass per unit area of completed concrete or masonry
specimens by weighing a representative portion after test or by weighing a small specimen prepared during construction in the
same way as the main specimen.
A1.4.4 Aging—Unless a shorter aging period has been established by following the procedures of A1.3.3, concrete or masonry
specimens shall be allowed to age a minimum of 28 days before testing.
A1.5 Studs, Joists, Trusses, Wood or Metal Furring and Beam-like Elements:
A1.5.1 Wood Studs, Joists, and Furring—State true as well as nominal dimensions, spacing in test opening, fastening conditions,
and mass per unit length.
A1.5.2 Studs or Furring Formed from Sheet Material—Report the manufacturer and material. Report the dimensions, including
the thickness or gauge, the spacing in test opening, fastening conditions, and mass per unit length.
A1.5.3 Steel Joists or Wood Trusses—Report the manufacturer and materials. Report the dimensions, spacing in the test opening,
fastening conditions, and mass per unit length.
A1.5.4 Metal Channels, Furring Strips, Nailing Channels, etc.—Report the type of material, true dimensions, spacing and
orientation with respect to other floor elements, end-fastening conditions, and mass per unit length.
NOTE A1.2—For such elements, sketches or photographs can be most effective.
A1.6 Sound Absorbing Materials:
A1.6.1 Report the material, density, thickness, location, and method of installation.
A1.7 Plaster:
A1.7.1 Plaster—Report the thickness of each layer, the materials used, and the method of application. The actual thickness of
plaster layers shall be determined, for example, by inspection of representative sections after test. Report the weight per unit area.
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A1.7.2 Lathing—Report the dimensions of individual sections and orientation in the test specimen, mass per unit area of wall,
number and location of fasteners (see Note A1.2), and treatment of edges of specimen.
A1.7.3 Aging of Plaster—Thick coats (greater than ⁄8 in.) of gypsum plaster shall age at least 28 days before testing; superficial
coats ( ⁄8 in. thick or less) shall age at least 3 days.
NOTE A1.3—Resilient fasteners can be short-circuited by plaster that oozes through the lath. If something is done to prevent this or to break the
short-circuits, it should be reported.
A1.8 Board Materials:
A1.8.1 Report the number of layers, and for each the material, thickness, dimensions of panels, mass per unit area and end,
treatment of joints and edge, and field fastening conditions.
A1.8.2 Aging of Gypsum Wallboard—If gypsum wallboard joints and edges are finished with typical joint caulking and finishing
compounds, the minimum aging period shall be 12 h.
A1.8.3 Laminating Adhesives—Report the type of adhesive, method of application, and thickness.
A1.8.3.1 If laminating adhesives are used, before testing the specimen shall age a minimum of 14 days for water-based adhesives
and 3 days for other adhesives.
A1.9 Subfloor and Other Sheet Materials:
A1.9.1 Sheet Materials—Report the material and orientation in test specimen, the thickness and weight per square meter for each
layer, the number of layers, treatment of joints, and the spacing and type of fasteners.
A1.9.2 Resilient Sheet Underlayments—Report type of material, thickness, weight per square meter, and method of fastening.
A1.10 Floor-Surfacing Materials:
A1.10.1 The installation of floor-surfacing materials shall be in accordance with manufacturer’s instruction, especially in regard
to cleaning and priming of the subfloor.
A1.10.2 Report the composition of individual floor-surfacing layers and orientation in the test specimen. Report the thickness and
weight per square meter of each layer, number of layers, treatment of joints, spacing and type of fasteners.
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A1.10.3 Aging—It is recommended that flooring materials, including underlayments and adhesives, be stored in an environment
similar to that of the upper room of the test suite for at least 72 h before installation, preferably with bundles or cartons broken
open. A temperature of 15 to 25°C and a relative humidity of 30 to 60 % are recommended. This procedure is recommended for
installation of any flooring material whether by nailing or adhesive techniques. Although most floors are ready for immediate use
after being installed if no adhesives are used, if floor surfaces are finished with a quick drying sealer and finishing compounds,
the minimum aging period shall be 12 h.
A1.11 Sealants and Adhesives :
A1.11.1 Adhesives and materials used to caulk or seal gaps and fissures around the periphery of a specimen shall be listed by brand
name and type. Methods of application and approximate dimensions shall be reported.
A1.11.2 Aging—If adhesives are used to apply wood block or tile flooring materials to the floor surface, the specimen shall age
for a minimum of 24 h. If significant quantities of caulking or adhesive materials are required and no recommended aging period
is given, appropriate procedures to determine the necessary aging period shall be used (see A1.3.3).
A1.12 Fasteners:
A1.12.1 Where screws, nails, or other fasteners are used, report their type, dimensions, and method of installation. Report also
the spacing between fasteners around the periphery and in the field of the specimen.
A1.13 Other Elements:
A1.13.1 For all other elements not covered by the above, report as much information as will allow a clear understanding of how
the specimen was constructed. Report information such as dimensions, density, spacing between elements and any other significant
details.
A1.14 Demountable Modular Wall Panel Systems:
A1.14.1 Materials and Construction—The testing laboratory shall report as much physical information as can be determined about
the materials and method of assembly of all components of the partition including weights and dimensions of the component parts
and the average mass per unit area of the completed partition.
A1.14.2 Installation—Installation of the test specimen shall be carried out or observed by the testing laboratory and reported in
detail.
A1.15 Operable (Folding or Sliding) Walls:
A1.15.1 Materials and Construction—Report as much physical information as can be determined about the materials and method
of assembly of all components of the partition including weights and dimensions of the component parts and the average mass per
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unit area of the completed partition. If the specimen consists of an assembly of panels, the number and dimensions of panels shall
be reported. If the specimen is an accordion-type partition, the number of volutes, their spacing, and width when extended, shall
be repo
...