ASTM C329-88(2016)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Fired Ceramic Whiteware Materials
Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Fired Ceramic Whiteware Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Measurement of specific gravity is a tool for determining the degree of maturation of a ceramic body.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of specific gravity of fired ceramic whiteware materials under prescribed conditions.
Note 1: This test method is not applicable to materials attacked by water.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C329 −88 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
1
Specific Gravity of Fired Ceramic Whiteware Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C329; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.7 Vacuum Source—A suitable apparatus to produce a
vacuum equivalent to an absolute pressure of less than 1.0-in.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of specific
(25.4-mm) Hg.
gravity of fired ceramic whiteware materials under prescribed
conditions. 4.8 Distilled Water, that has been freshly evacuated, or
boiled and cooled, to remove dissolved air.
NOTE 1—This test method is not applicable to materials attacked by
water.
5. Sample Preparation
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 When possible, the sample for test shall consist of at
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
least two pieces totaling 100 to 150 g taken from different
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
portions of the material in such a way as to exclude skin
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
surfaces in so far as possible. The sample shall be selected so
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
as to be representative of the material to be tested.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 The pieces shall be crushed, if necessary, between
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hardened steel surfaces. The specimen shall then be reduced to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
25 to 50 g by quartering, and any magnetic material introduced
D153 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Pigments
by crushing shall be removed. This specimen shall be ground
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
in a suitable mortar so that it will pass a 150-µm (No. 100)
Sieves
sieve, conforming to Specification E11, or its equivalent. Care
3. Significance and Use
shall be taken at all stages of the crushing, grinding, and
quarteringtominimizetheintroductionofimpuritiesandretain
3.1 Measurement of specific gravity is a tool for determin-
all material even though difficult to grind.
ing the degree of maturation of a ceramic body.
6. Procedure
4. Apparatus and Materials
6.1 Make all determinations in duplicate. Determine all
4.1 Analytical Balance and Weights.
weights in this procedure to the nearest 0.0001 g.
4.2 Pycnometers, of 50-mL capacity, consisting of suitable
6.2 Place the ground specimen in a glass weighing bottle
bottles with capillary tube stoppers.
and dry to constant weight at 105 to 110°C. Close the bottle
4.3 Thermometer, calibrated at 0.5°C intervals in the room
with a glass stopper immediately upon removal from the oven.
temperature range.
6.3 Dry the pycnometer and stopper at 105 to 110°C, cool to
4.4 Drying Oven.
room temperature in a desiccator, weigh on an analytical
4.5 Weighing Bottle. balance, and record the weight as p. Fill the pycnometer bottle
with distilled water at room temperature, t , insert the stopper,
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4.6 Desiccator.
and remove the excess water on the tip of the capillary by
means of filter paper. Weigh the pycnometer and contents and
record the weight as W . Empty and dry the pycnometer.
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1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
6.4 Place about 8 to 12 g of the dried specimen in the dry
C21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.
pycnometer; weigh the pycnometer, stopper, and specimen and
Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approved
record the weight as W. Add distilled water until the bottle is
in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C329 – 88 (2011). DOI:
10.1520/C0329-88R16.
approximately one half full, and, to remove entrapped air, first
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
stir the specimen and water thoroughly with a glass rod. Then
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
remove the glass rod, using a small quantity of distilled water
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. to wash back into the pycnometer any particles of specimen
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C329−88 (2016)
TABLE 1 Absolute Density of Water
3
Absolute Density, g/cm
Temperature,
°C
0123456789
0 0.999 841 0.999 900 0.999 941 0.999 965 0.999 973 0.999 965 0.999 941 0.999 902 0.999 849 0.999 781
10 0.999 700 0.999 605 0
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C329 − 88 (Reapproved 2011) C329 − 88 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
1
Specific Gravity of Fired Ceramic Whiteware Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C329; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of specific gravity of fired ceramic whiteware materials under prescribed
conditions.
NOTE 1—This test method is not applicable to materials attacked by water.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D153 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Pigments
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Measurement of specific gravity is a tool for determining the degree of maturation of a ceramic body.
4. Apparatus and Materials
4.1 Analytical Balance and Weights.
4.2 Pycnometers, of 50-mL capacity, consisting of suitable bottles with capillary tube stoppers.
4.3 Thermometer, calibrated at 0.5°C intervals in the room temperature range.
4.4 Drying Oven.
4.5 Weighing Bottle.
4.6 Desiccator.
4.7 Vacuum Source—A suitable apparatus to produce a vacuum equivalent to an absolute pressure of less than 1.0-in. (25.4-mm)
Hg.
4.8 Distilled Water, that has been freshly evacuated, or boiled and cooled, to remove dissolved air.
5. Sample Preparation
5.1 When possible, the sample for test shall consist of at least two pieces totaling 100 to 150 g taken from different portions
of the material in such a way as to exclude skin surfaces in so far as possible. The sample shall be selected so as to be representative
of the material to be tested.
5.2 The pieces shall be crushed, if necessary, between hardened steel surfaces. The specimen shall then be reduced to 25 to 50
g by quartering, and any magnetic material introduced by crushing shall be removed. This specimen shall be ground in a suitable
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C21.03
on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.
Current edition approved March 1, 2011July 1, 2016. Published March 2011July 2016. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 as
C329 – 88 (2006).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/C0329-88R11.10.1520/C0329-88R16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C329 − 88 (2016)
mortar so that it will pass a 150-μm (No. 100) sieve, conforming to Specification E11, or its equivalent. Care shall be taken at all
stages of the crushing, grinding, and quartering to minimize the introduction of impurities and retain all material even though
difficult to grind.
6. Procedure
6.1 Make all determinations in duplicate. Determine all weights in this procedure to the nearest 0.0001 g.
6.2 Place the ground specimen in a glass weighing bottle and dry to constant weight at 105 to 110°C. Close the bottle with a
glass stopper immediately upon removal from the oven.
6.3 Dry the pycnometer and stopper at 105 to 110°C, cool to room temperature in a desiccator, weigh on an analytical balance,
and record the weight as p. Fill the pycnometer bottle with distilled water at room temperature, t , insert the stopper, and remove
1
the excess water on the tip of the capillary by means of filter paper. Weigh the pycnometer and contents and record the weight as
W . Empty and dry the pycnometer.
1
6.4 Place about 8 to 12 g of the dried specimen in the dry pycnometer; weigh the pycnometer, stopper, and specimen and record
the weight as W. Add distilled water until the bottle is approximately one half full, and, to remove entrapped air, first stir the
specimen and water t
...
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