ASTM D4941-06(2016)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Preparing Drawdowns of Artists’ Paste Paints
Standard Practice for Preparing Drawdowns of Artists’ Paste Paints
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Quality standards for artists' paints require the evaluation of various appearance characteristics of paint films. Tinting strength determination (Test Method D4838) specifically requires the preparation of drawdowns for colorimetric measurement. Other evaluations such as color designation, transparency, gloss, and color difference measurements also require drawdown samples.
5.2 Artists’ tube paints have a paste consistency that makes the use of traditional film application methods difficult, especially for drying oil paints.
5.3 Artists' paints vary in two properties important to the preparation of films, that is, transparency and drying time. Colorimetric determination and some other types of evaluation require paint specimens that completely hide the substrate. Very transparent paints require such a thick film to produce complete hiding that drying times is excessively long or the specimen surface is blemished. When complete hiding is necessary, this practice is designed to provide opaque films without these defects through application of a series of thin films.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the production of uniform films of artists’ tube paints and other nonflowing pigmented paints using paint applicators designed for less viscous paints.
1.2 Information on how to achieve opaque specimens from these paints is included.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Designation: D4941 − 06 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
1
Preparing Drawdowns of Artists’ Paste Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.2 drawdown bar, n—a metal applicator with a specified
gap designed to deposit a wet paint film uniformly on a
1.1 This practice covers the production of uniform films of
specified test panel (for example, an opacity chart) or other
artists’ tube paints and other nonflowing pigmented paints
substrate.
using paint applicators designed for less viscous paints.
1.2 Information on how to achieve opaque specimens from
4. Summary of Practice
these paints is included.
4.1 The paint is spread over the area of the test panel to be
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
covered by the drawdown and the bar is pulled down with
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
pressure just sufficient to avoid lifting of the bar from the chart
only.
surface.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 Test panels are allowed to dry in a dust-free environ-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ment.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.3 If complete hiding (opacity) is needed and not produced
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
by a single paint film, a second film is applied at a 90° angle to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the first. If required, additional layers may be applied using a
narrower drawdown bar.
2. Referenced Documents
2
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D16 TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
5.1 Quality standards for artists’ paints require the evalua-
Applications
tion of various appearance characteristics of paint films.
D4838 Test Method for Determining the Relative Tinting
Tinting strength determination (Test Method D4838) specifi-
Strength of Chromatic Paints
cally requires the preparation of drawdowns for colorimetric
E1164 PracticeforObtainingSpectrometricDataforObject-
measurement. Other evaluations such as color designation,
Color Evaluation
transparency, gloss, and color difference measurements also
require drawdown samples.
3. Terminology
5.2 Artists’tube paints have a paste consistency that makes
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology D16 for definitions of
the use of traditional film application methods difficult, espe-
terms used in this practice.
cially for drying oil paints.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.3 Artists’ paints vary in two properties important to the
3.2.1 drawdown, n—alayerofpaintdepositedonasubstrate
preparation of films, that is, transparency and drying time.
by use of a drawdown bar for the evaluation of paint charac-
Colorimetric determination and some other types of evaluation
teristics.
require paint specimens that completely hide the substrate.
Very transparent paints require such a thick film to produce
complete hiding that drying times is excessively long or the
specimen surface is blemished. When complete hiding is
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of necessary, this practice is designed to provide opaque films
Subcommittee D01.57 on Artist Paints and Related Materials.
without these defects through application of a series of thin
Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approved
films.
in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4941 – 06 (2010). DOI:
10.1520/D4941-06R16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6. Apparatus
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 Drawdown Bars, two, of different widths with a clear-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ance of 0.152 mm (0.006 in.). Recommended widths are 7.6
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4941 − 06 (2016)
cm (3 in.) and 15.2 cm (6 in.). The second bar is required to
prepare drawdowns with more than two layers. Wire wound
drawdown bars have been found to be unsuitable.
6.2 Drawdown Charts, sealed paper type, half black and
half white if transparency is being evaluated or opacity is
necessary.
7. Procedure
7.1 Attach chart to a firm, smooth, level plane surface using
tape, a vacuum plate, or a
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4941 − 06 (Reapproved 2010) D4941 − 06 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
1
Preparing Drawdowns of Artists’ Paste Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the production of uniform films of artists’ tube paints and other nonflowing pigmented paints using
paint applicators designed for less viscous paints.
1.2 Information on how to achieve opaque specimens from these paints is included.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
D4838 Test Method for Determining the Relative Tinting Strength of Chromatic Paints
E1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology D16 for definitions of terms used in this practice.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 drawdown, n—a layer of paint deposited on a substrate by use of a drawdown bar for the evaluation of paint
characteristics.
3.2.2 drawdown bar, n—a metal applicator with a specified gap designed to deposit a wet paint film uniformly on a specified
test panel (for example, an opacity chart) or other substrate.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The paint is spread over the area of the test panel to be covered by the drawdown and the bar is pulled down with pressure
just sufficient to avoid lifting of the bar from the chart surface.
4.2 Test panels are allowed to dry in a dust-free environment.
4.3 If complete hiding (opacity) is needed and not produced by a single paint film, a second film is applied at a 90° angle to
the first. If required, additional layers may be applied using a narrower drawdown bar.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Quality standards for artists’ paints require the evaluation of various appearance characteristics of paint films. Tinting
strength determination (Test Method D4838) specifically requires the preparation of drawdowns for colorimetric measurement.
Other evaluations such as color designation, transparency, gloss, and color difference measurements also require drawdown
samples.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.57 on Artist Paints and Related Materials.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010July 1, 2016. Published December 2010July 2016. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20062010 as
D4941 – 06.D4941 – 06 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/D4941-06R10.10.1520/D4941-06R16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4941 − 06 (2016)
5.2 Artists’ tube paints have a paste consistency that makes the use of traditional film application methods difficult, especially
for drying oil paints.
5.3 Artists’ paints vary in two properties important to the preparation of films, that is, transparency and drying time.
Colorimetric determination and some other types of evaluation require paint specimens that completely hide the substrate. Very
transparent paints require such a thick film to produce complete hiding that drying times is excessively long or the specimen
surface is blemished. When complete hiding is necessary, this practice is designed to provide opaque films without these defects
through application of a series of thin films.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Drawdown Bars, two, of different widths with a clearance of 0.152 mm (0.006 in.). Recommended widths are 7.6 cm (3
in.) and 15.2 c
...
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