ASTM D5852-00(2007)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Erodibility Determination of Soil in the Field or in the Laboratory by the Jet Index Method (Withdrawn 2016)
Standard Test Method for Erodibility Determination of Soil in the Field or in the Laboratory by the Jet Index Method (Withdrawn 2016)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Water flow in nature exerts a force on soils that results in erosion. Erosion potential of a soil is of concern in vegetated channels, road embankments, dams, levees, spillways, construction sites, etc. The jet index method is intended to provide a standard method of expressing erosion resistance; to assist those who work with different soils and soil conditions to measure erosion resistance for design purposes; and to provide a common system of characterizing soil properties to develop performance and prediction relationships.
4.2 The jet index test is not suited for determining erodibility of soils that have structure characteristics larger than the scale of the jet testing device. For example, the erodibility of soil that has a dominant soil structure of 7 to 8 cm or larger (that is, aggregate, clod, or particle size), that might play a key role in the detachment process, should not be estimated with the jet index test. Care should be taken that the test sample and test are representative of expected conditions at the site under investigation. If it is known in advance that the soil will be saturated prior to an erosion event, then the soil should be tested in that condition. At present, the effects of water chemistry on detachment rate are unknown. Therefore, water quality during testing should be simulated as close as possible to the water quality anticipated during actual erosion.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is depend upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing and sampling. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of erodibility of a soil by a jet index method. This test method involves either preparing a field site or obtaining a relatively undisturbed soil sample and the subsequent activities for the determination of the erodibility of soil. This test method also may be run on compacted samples in the laboratory.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the estimation of erodibility of a soil by a jet index method. This test method involves either preparing a field site or obtaining a relatively undisturbed soil sample and the subsequent activities for the determination of the erodibility of soil. This test method also may be run on compacted samples in the laboratory.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D18 on Soil and Rock, this test method was withdrawn in January 2016 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
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Designation: D5852 − 00(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Erodibility Determination of Soil in the Field or in the
Laboratory by the Jet Index Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5852; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorially removed Note 2 in December 2014.
1. Scope D4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil
Samples
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of erodibility of
D4753Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
a soil by a jet index method. This test method involves either
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
preparing a field site or obtaining a relatively undisturbed soil
Construction Materials Testing
sample and the subsequent activities for the determination of
the erodibility of soil. This test method also may be run on
3. Terminology
compacted samples in the laboratory.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.1 Forcommondefinitionsoftermsinthisstandard,refer
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
to Terminology D653.
only.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Water flow in nature exerts a force on soils that results
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
inerosion.Erosionpotentialofasoilisofconcerninvegetated
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
channels, road embankments, dams, levees, spillways, con-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
structionsites,etc.Thejetindexmethodisintendedtoprovide
a standard method of expressing erosion resistance; to assist
2. Referenced Documents
those who work with different soils and soil conditions to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
measure erosion resistance for design purposes; and to provide
D420GuidetoSiteCharacterizationforEngineeringDesign
a common system of characterizing soil properties to develop
and Construction Purposes (Withdrawn 2011)
performance and prediction relationships.
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
4.2 The jet index test is not suited for determining erodibil-
Fluids
ity of soils that have structure characteristics larger than the
D2216Test Methods for Laboratory Determination ofWater
scale of the jet testing device. For example, the erodibility of
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
soil that has a dominant soil structure of 7 to 8 cm or larger
D2488Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
(that is, aggregate, clod, or particle size), that might play a key
(Visual-Manual Procedure)
role in the detachment process, should not be estimated with
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
thejetindextest.Careshouldbetakenthatthetestsampleand
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
test are representative of expected conditions at the site under
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
investigation. If it is known in advance that the soil will be
saturated prior to an erosion event, then the soil should be
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
tested in that condition. At present, the effects of water
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and
chemistry on detachment rate are unknown. Therefore, water
Related Field Testing for Soil Evaluations.
quality during testing should be simulated as close as possible
Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally
to the water quality anticipated during actual erosion.
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D5852–00. DOI:
10.1520/D5852-00R07E01.
2 NOTE 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is depend
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and
the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on objective testing and sampling. Users of this standard are cautioned that
www.astm.org. compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5852 − 00 (2007)
Reliableresultsdependonmanyfactors;PracticeD3740providesameans
of evaluating some of those factors.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Field Testing:
5.1.1 VerticalSubmergedJetDevice—Anapparatusthatcan
be taken to the field to index soil erodibility (see Fig. 1). The
device is mounted on a base ring with a sealing ring to prevent
leakage and piping. A cylindrical tank is attached to the base
ring to act as a weir while maintaining the water level required
to submerge the jet. The soil surface inside the device is 0.44
m in diameter.Attached to the tank is an inner cylindrical liner
thatactsasabaffletominimizereturnturbulencetothejet.The
jet and pin profiler (see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) are interchangeable
and are mounted to the upper surface of this liner. A 51-mm
diameter clear acrylic tube, the lower end of which is fitted
witha13-mmdiameternozzle,ismountedinahangerthatcan
FIG. 2 Jet Apparatus in Operation
be set on the inner cylindrical liner.
5.1.2 Pin Profiler, used to determine the maximum depth of
5.1.8 Ruler—A ruler is required to set the jet nozzle at a
material removed during testing.
height of 0.22 m above the unscoured soil surface.
5.1.3 Water Delivery System, required to run the jet test.
5.1.9 Miscellaneous Equipment—A 10 to 13 cm diameter
Waterdeliverymaybeaccomplishedbypumpingdirectlyfrom
flat disk, sledgehammer, wrenches, plastic bags and other soil
a body of water at the site, from a storage tank delivered to the
sampling equipment for other soil tests of interest.
site, or from a city water supply system if available.
5.1.4 Differential Pressure Device, necessary in order to 5.2 Laboratory Testing:
determine the mean velocity at the jet nozzle. This may be 5.2.1 Vertical Submerged Jet Device—An apparatus that is
accomplished by manometers, differential pressure gage, or used in the laboratory to determine soil erodibility (see Fig. 4).
pressure transducer. Thedeviceconsistsofalowercylindricaltankthatslidesunder
5.1.5 Pressure Control, necessary to maintain a constant a fixed upper cylindrical tank.The upper and lower cylindrical
velocity at the jet nozzle. This may be accomplished by a tanks are sealed together with an inflated tube to prevent
constant head tank or a valve. leakage during testing. The sample is loaded into the lower
5.1.6 Level—A carpenters level is necessary to level the tank and slid under the upper tank. The upper tank acts as a
foundation ring and inner liner of the tank. weir while maintaining the water level required to submerge
5.1.7 Shovel—Aflat-nosed shovel is useful in preparing the the jet. The soil samples are contained in pvc molds with an
site for testing. inner diameter of 0.44 m and a height of 0.18 m. Attached to
FIG. 1 Submerged Jet Apparatus for Field Testing
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D5852 − 00 (2007)
delivery, differential pressure control and measurement are
necessary for both the laboratory device and for the field
testing device.
5.2.9 Miscellaneous Equipment—A 10 to 13 cm diameter
flat disk, sledgehammer, plastic bags, cans, gloves, wrenches
and ruler.
6. Procedure
6.1 Field Testing:
6.1.1 Prepare the surface at the test location so that it is
reasonably level and void of vegetation.When the site is ready
for testing, push the base ring into the soil. This may require
theuseofasledgehammer,impactingonawoodcushion(such
as a two by four) to protect the base ring from damage. The
base ring should then be checked to make sure it is relatively
level.
FIG. 3 Pin Profile Following a Time Sequence
6.1.2 Set the backwater tank in place over the base ring and
latch down. Place the cylindrical liner on the leveling bolts of
the backwater tank and level. Use the pin profiler to determine
the pre-testing soil elevation. Pre-set the head on the jet device
so that only minor nozzle adjustments are necessary at the
the tank is an inner cylindrical liner that acts as a baffle to
beginning of the test. Do this by placing it in a 5 gal (about 19
minimize return turbulence to the jet. The jet and pin profiler
L) bucket near the same elevation as the backwater tank and
are interchangeable, mounted to the upper surface of this liner.
make necessary adjustments to the head differential on the
A 51-mm diameter clear acrylic tube, the lower end of which
nozzle.Although other head settings may be used, the recom-
is fitted with a 13-mm diameter nozzle, is mounted in a hanger
mended head setting on the jet is 0.91 m (36 in.). Remove the
that can be set on the inner cylindrical liner.
pin profiler and backfill the tank with water. Place the jet
5.2.2 Mold—A large mold is required for obtaining rela-
apparatusonthebackwatertankcylindricallin
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