ASTM D7387-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Vibration Testing of Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) Used for Shipping Liquid Hazardous Materials (Dangerous Goods)
Standard Test Method for Vibration Testing of Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) Used for Shipping Liquid Hazardous Materials (Dangerous Goods)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Shipping containers are exposed to complex dynamic stresses when subjected to vibration present in transportation vehicles. Approximating the actual damage, or lack of damage, experienced in shipping may require subjecting the container(s) and contents to vibration inputs.
Resonant responses during shipment can be severe and may lead to failure of the container and spillage or leakage of contents. Identification of critical frequencies and the nature of package stresses can aid in minimizing the effect of these occurrences.
This vibration test is based on methods currently used for the qualification of IBCs in CFR 49 and has demonstrated successful use in transportation.
Exposure to vibration can affect the shipping container, its means of closure, and its contents. This test method allows analysis of the interaction of these components. Design modification to one or more of these components may be utilized to achieve optimum performance in the shipping environment.
This test method is suitable for individual filled containers that are transported unrestrained on the bed of a vehicle.
This test method is not intended for testing intermediate bulk containers at a frequency that causes the container to go into resonance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers vibration testing of filled intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) intended to contain liquid hazardous materials (dangerous goods) and is suitable for testing IBCs of any design or material with any means of closure. This test method has been used by the United States Department of Transportation (DOT) to test and qualify IBCs for shipping hazardous materials. The test method is used to determine that the IBCs maintain integrity and to prevent leakage or spillage of contents during shipping. This test method should be used as a screening tool or as a design qualification test. Other vibration methods are available to more closely simulate vibration experienced in transportation.
1.2 This test method is appropriate for testing IBCs ranging from 450 to 3000 L (119 to 793 gal). Packagings of smaller sizes should be tested using Test Methods D 999 or other applicable methods.
1.3 The ISO 2247 standard may not meet the requirements for this test method.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.
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Designation: D7387 − 07
StandardTest Method for
Vibration Testing of Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs)
Used for Shipping Liquid Hazardous Materials (Dangerous
Goods)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7387; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
ments
1.1 This test method covers vibration testing of filled
D999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Con-
intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) intended to contain liquid
tainers
hazardous materials (dangerous goods) and is suitable for
D4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
testing IBCs of any design or material with any means of
tainers and Systems
closure. This test method has been used by the United States
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
Department of Transportation (DOT) to test and qualify IBCs
Packaging Components for Testing
for shipping hazardous materials. The test method is used to
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
determine that the IBCs maintain integrity and to prevent
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
leakage or spillage of contents during shipping. This test
Lot or Process
method should be used as a screening tool or as a design
2.2 ISO Standards:
qualification test. Other vibration methods are available to
ISO 2247 Packaging—Complete, Filled Transport
more closely simulate vibration experienced in transportation.
Packages—Vibration Test at Fixed Low Frequency
1.2 This test method is appropriate for testing IBCs ranging
2.3 Regulatory Documents:
from 450 to 3000 L (119 to 793 gal). Packagings of smaller
CFR 49 UnitedStatesDepartmentofTransportationCodeof
sizes should be tested using Test Methods D999 or other
Federal Regulations Title 49, Transportation, Parts
applicable methods.
100–199
1.3 The ISO 2247 standard may not meet the requirements
2.4 United Nations Document:
for this test method.
United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dan-
gerous Goods—Model Regulations
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3. Terminology
only.
3.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods, see
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Terminology D996.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 double amplitude, n—the maximum value of a sinu-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau- soidal quantity (peak-to-peak).
tionary statements are given in Section 6.
3.2.2 repetitive shock, n—impacts of a package on a test
platform which occur cyclically from input oscillatory motion.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.3 resonance, n—for the purposes of this test method,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
resonance is obtained when the input frequency of the table
causes excessive, violent, and uncontrollable movement of the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping
Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2007. Published November 2007. DOI: 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
10.1520/D7387-07. AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.access.gpo.gov.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from United Nations, 866 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY
the ASTM website. 10017.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7387 − 07
IBC. Testing at this frequency over an extended period of time ment of 25 mm (1 in.) 6 1 mm. The test machine shall have a
is overly severe and may cause damage and failure to the platform with a known mass and with a horizontal surface of
container not likely to be experienced in transportation. sufficient strength and rigidity so that all points of the surface
willfollowtheverticalmotionofthesupportingstructurewhen
4. Significance and Use
loadedwiththeIBC.Thetestsurfaceshallprotrudebeyondthe
IBC on all sides and shall have hardness adequate for its
4.1 Shipping containers are exposed to complex dynamic
intended use (recommend at least equal to oak wood) firmly
stresses when subjected to vibration present in transportation
attached to a mild steel structure. The platform shall be
vehicles.Approximating the actual damage, or lack of damage,
supported by a mechanism that moves the platform so the
experienced in shipping may require subjecting the contain-
motion is a vertical sinusoidal input. (A rotary motion of the
er(s) and contents to vibration inputs.
platform is not acceptable.)The vibration test machine shall be
4.2 Resonant responses during shipment can be severe and
equipped with fences, barricades, or other restraints to keep the
may lead to failure of the container and spillage or leakage of
IBC from falling off the platform without restricting its vertical
contents. Identification of critical frequencies and the nature of
motion.
package stresses can aid in minimizing the effect of these
5.1.1 Shim—A metal shim with the following specification
occurrences.
is used in determining when the shipping container is leaving
4.3 This vibration test is based on methods currently used
the testing platform by a sufficient amount:
for the qualification of IBCs in CFR 49 and has demonstrated
5.1.1.1 Width—50 mm (2.0 in.) minimum.
successful use in transportation.
5.1.1.2 Thickness—1.6 mm ( ⁄16 in.).
5.1.1.3 Length—254 mm (10 in.) minimum.
4.4 Exposure to vibration can affect the shipping container,
its means of closure, and its contents. This test method allows
5.2 Fig. 1 shows an intermediate bulk container on a test
analysis of the interaction of these components. Design modi-
apparatus.
fication to one or more of these components may be utilized to
5.3 Instrumentation—Instrumentation of the test unit and
achieve optimum performance in the shipping environment.
table as described below is not required but may be used to
4.5 This test method is suitable for individual filled contain-
obtain additional data.
ers that are transported unrestrained on the bed of a vehicle.
5.3.1 Accelerometers, signal conditioners, and data display
4.6 This test method is not intended for testing intermediate or storage devices may be used to measure and control the
bulk containers at a frequency that causes the container to go accelerations at the test surface or on various locations of the
into resonance. intermediate bulk container to measure response. They are not
required to conduct the test.
5. Apparatus
5.3.2 If an instrumentation system is used, it is recom-
5.1 Vertical Motion Vibration Machine—This test is to be mended that it shall have a response accurate to within 65%
over the range specified for the test.
conducted with vibration test equipment that provides vertical
vibration, and is capable of producing frequencies in the range 5.3.3 Accelerometers should be small and light weight
of 2 to at least 5 Hz, with a fixed double amplitude displace- enough as to not influence the response of the item being
FIG. 1 Intermediate Bulk Container Test Specimen on Vibration
Machine
D7387 − 07
measured nor influence the results of the test. Detailed infor- be observed for at least 24 h prior and during the test (see
mation on suitable instrumentation may be found in the Shock 6.5.6.3.1 of United Nations Model Regulations):
and Vibration Handbook. 23 6 2°C and 50 % 6 2 % r.h., or
20 6 2°C and 65 % 6 2 % r.h., or
6. Safety Precautions
27 6 2°C and 65 % 6 2 % r.h.
8.3.1 If documented in the test report, more stringent
6.1 This test method may produce severe mechanical
conditioning is allowed prior and during the test in comparison
responses from the IBC. Therefore, fences, barricades, and
other restraints must have sufficient strength and must be to these standard requirements.
adequately secured to prevent excess horizontal movement of
the IBC. Op
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