ASTM B982-12
(Specification)Standard Specification for Sampling and Sample Preparation of Lead and Lead Alloys for Optical Emission Spectrometric OR ICP Analysis
Standard Specification for Sampling and Sample Preparation of Lead and Lead Alloys for Optical Emission Spectrometric OR ICP Analysis
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the sampling of lead and lead alloys to obtain a sample suitable for quantitative optical emission spectrochemical analysis. It includes procedures for sample preparation, obtaining representative samples from molten metal, from fabricated, or cast products that can be melted, and from other forms that cannot be melted. This specification, used in conjunction with an appropriate quantitative optical emission spectrochemical method, is suitable for use in manufacturing control, material or product acceptance, and development and research. It deals with ordering information, materials and manufacture, composition, sizes and shapes, appearance, lot, sampling for chemical analysis, apparatus, preparation of specimens, marking and special requirements, inspection, and rejection and rehearing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the sampling of lead and lead alloys to obtain a sample suitable for quantitative optical emission spectrochemical analysis. Included are procedures for sample preparation, obtaining representative samples from molten metal, from fabricated, or cast products that can be melted, and from other forms that cannot be melted.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:B982 −12
StandardSpecification for
Sampling and Sample Preparation of Lead and Lead Alloys
for Optical Emission Spectrometric OR ICPAnalysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B982; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Ordering Information
1.1 This specification covers the sampling of lead and lead 4.1 Orders for refined lead under this specification shall
alloys to obtain a sample suitable for quantitative optical include the following information:
emissionspectrochemicalanalysis.Includedareproceduresfor 4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
sample preparation, obtaining representative samples from 4.1.2 Quantity (weight),
molten metal, from fabricated, or cast products that can be 4.1.3 Name of material (for example, pure lead),
melted, and from other forms that cannot be melted. 4.1.4 Size and shape (see Section 7),
4.1.5 Grade, and
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1.6 Certification or test report if specified (Section 13).
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
5. Materials and Manufacture
and are not considered standard.
5.1 Lead shall be supplied in commercial standard forms or
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
shapes requested by the purchaser in the following grades:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1.1 Low bismuth low silver pure lead,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1.2 Refined pure lead,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1.3 Pure lead, and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1.4 Chemical copper lead.
5.1.5 Calcium alloys.
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.6 Antimony alloys.
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the
5.2 The grade of lead listed in 5.1.1-5.1.6 shall be produced
date of material purchase form a part of this specification to the
by any smelting and refining process from ore or recycled
extent referenced herein.
materials to meet the chemical requirements of this specifica-
2.2 ASTM Standards:
tion.
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications 6. Composition
E37 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Pig Lead
6.1 This specification shall apply to lead alloys that contain
E88 Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys in
greater than 80 % Pb and meet the requirements of 5.2 for
Cast Form for Determination of Chemical Composition
material manufacture.
3. Significance and Use
7. Sizes and Shapes
3.1 This specification, used in conjunction with an appro-
7.1 Pigs shall weigh up to a nominal 110 lb (50 kg).
priate quantitative optical emission spectrochemical method, is
7.2 Blocks or hogs shall be square or oblong and weigh up
suitable for use in manufacturing control, material or product
to 2530 lb (1150 kg).
acceptance, and development and research.
8. Appearance
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 on
8.1 The lead shall be reasonably free from surface
Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
corrosion, surface cavities, excessive condensation or water,
B02.02 on Refined Lead, Tin, Antimony, and Their Alloys.
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published August 2012. DOI: 10.1520/ and adhering foreign material.
B0982–12.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 9. Lot
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
9.1 All lead of the same type produced and cast at one time
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. shallconstitutealotforchemicalanalysis.Eachpigorblockof
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B982−12
thelotshallbearasingleidentifyingnumberthatcanberelated not apply to alloys that exhibit segregation of alloy agents
to the manufacturing lot. during casting. This means the calcium aluminum alloys are
not to be sampled according to this procedure. The preferred
10. Sampling for Chemical Analysis
method of determining lot chemistry for calcium aluminum
lots is supplier sampling of quick frozen wafers during casting.
10.1 The sample for chemical analysis shall be selected by
10.3.2 Sampling Pig Lead—A portion representative of the
one of the following methods:
total shipment shall be selected at random for the final sample.
10.1.1 Test samples taken form the lot during casting
For lots containing at least 100 00 lb (45 400 kg) of pig lead,
applies to all materials.
one pig shall be taken from every 20 000 lb (9080 kg). For
10.1.2 Test samples taken from the final solidified cast
smaller lots, a total of five pigs shall be taken.
product, for all materials except 5.1.5, calcium alloys.
10.3.3 SamplePreparation—Each pig shall be cleaned thor-
10.2 Sampling for Lot Analysis—The supplier may obtain
oughly to rid the surface of dirt or adhering foreign material
samples from the lot of molten metal during casting.Asample
prior to sampling by one of the following methods: sawing,
shouldbetakenatthebeginning,middleandendofcasting.All
drilling, or melting.
orpartofthesesamplesmaybecastintoshapessuitableforuse
10.3.3.1 Sawing—The pigs selected shall be sawed com-
in spectrographic analytical methods. The composite element
pletely through as illustrated in Fig. 1. The sawings from the
average for the three grab samples will represent the lot.
pigs shall be mixed thoroughly and quartered, and the samples
10.3 Sampling of Cast Product:
for analysis taken from the mixed material. The sawings must
10.3.1 If the lead is in the form of standard pigs (Fig. 1), the
be free of extraneous material introduced from the saw blade.
sample for chemical analysis shall be taken in accordance with
All sawings shall be treated with a strong magnet in order to
10.3.3.1, 10.3.3.2,or 10.3.3.3.
remove iron introduced by sawing.
10.3.1.1 If the pigs differ in shape from those shown in Fig.
10.3.3.2 Drilling—The pigs shall be drilled at least halfway
1 or the product is cast into blocks or hogs, the supplier and the
through from two opposite sides as illustrated in Fig. 2.Adrill
purchaser shall agree mutually as to the method to be followed
in sampling such shapes. The method of sampling in 10.3 does
FIG. 1Method of Sampling Lead by Sawing FIG. 2Method of Sampling Lead by Drilling
B982−12
of about ⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter shall be used. In drilling,
the holes shall be spaced along a diagonal line from one corner
of the pig to the other. Holes may be made in a single pig or in
each of several pigs placed as illustrated in Fig. 2.The drillings
shall be clipped into pieces not over ⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) in length,
mixed thoroughly, and treated with a strong magnet to remove
iron introduced by drilling.
10.3.3.3 Melting—Whole pigs, portions of pigs produced by
FIG. 3Wafer Mold
sawing, drillings, or sawings shall be melted in a clean vessel.
The melting temperature must not exceed 685°F (363°C) to
prevent excessive drossing. The lead must be stirred immedi-
ately prior to sampling. The molten lead shall be cast into
lb (0.45 to 1.1 kg). Wafer specimens have been found to be
shapes suitable for use in spectrographic analysis, cast into thin
very homogeneous. If properly prepared, these specimens
sample bars not to exceed ⁄8 in. (9.5 mm) thick for sawing, or
provide very reliable results with only one burn. However, all
granulated by pouring into distilled water and drying the
wafer specimens must be lathed according to 11.3 before
material thoroughly. For sample bars, saw cuts shall be made
analysis or drilling.
halfway across the bar from each side and staggered so that
11.2.2 Other Molds—Molds of different types, materials,
theyareabout ⁄2in.(12.7mm)apart.Thesawingssoproduced
and dimensions may be used provided that the uniformity of
are treated in accordance with 10.3.3.1.
the specimens obtained is comparable to the uniformity of
10.3.4 Sample Size:
specimensobtainedfromTypeAmolds.Further,thespecimens
10.3.4.1 For spectrographic analysis, three samples shall be
shall have a spectrochemical response similar to the standards
prepared of a size and shape satisfactory for use by the
used for preparing the analytical curves.
laboratory at which the analysis is to be made.
11.3 Lathe or Milling Machine—Lathe should be capable of
10.3.4.2 For wet chemical analysis, each prepared sample
machining a smooth fl
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