ASTM E1611-21
(Guide)Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids
Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test procedure covered in this guide is not intended to simulate exactly the exposure of benthic polychaetes to chemicals under natural conditions, but rather to provide a conveniently rapid, standard toxicity test procedure yielding a reasonably sensitive indication of the toxicity of materials in marine and estuarine sediments.
5.2 The protection of a community of organisms requires averting detrimental contaminant-related effects on the number and health of individuals and species within that population. Sediment toxicity tests provide information on the toxicity of test materials in sediments. Theoretically, projection of the most sensitive species within a community will protect the community as a whole.
5.3 Polychaetes are an important component of the benthic community. They are preyed upon by many species of fish, birds, and larger invertebrate species, and they are predators of smaller invertebrates, larval stages of invertebrates, and, in some cases, algae, as well as organic material associated with sediment. Polychaetes are sensitive to both organic and inorganic chemicals (1, 2).5 The ecological importance of polychaetes, their wide geographical distribution and ability to be cultured in the laboratory, and sensitivity to chemicals, make them appropriate toxicity test organisms.
5.4 An acute or 10-day toxicity test is conducted to obtain information concerning the immediate effects to a test material on a test organism under specified experimental conditions for a short period of time. An acute toxicity test does not necessarily provide information concerning whether delayed effects will occur, although a post-exposure observation period, with appropriate feeding, if necessary, could provide such information.
5.5 The results of acute sediment toxicity tests can be used to predict acute effects likely to occur on aquatic organisms in field situations as a result of exposure under comparable conditions, except that (1) motile organisms...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the adverse effects of potentially contaminated sediment, or of a test material added experimentally to contaminated or uncontaminated sediment, on marine or estuarine infaunal polychaetes during 10-day or 20 to 28-day exposures. These procedures are useful for testing the effects of various geochemical characteristics of sediments on marine and estuarine polychaetes and could be used to assess sediment toxicity to other infaunal taxa, although modifications of the procedures appropriate to the test species might be necessary. Procedures for the 10-day static test are described for Neanthes arenaceodentata and Alitta virens 2 (formerly Nereis virens and Neanthes virens) and for the 20 to 28-day static-renewal sediment toxicity for N. arenaceodentata.
1.2 Modifications of these procedures might be appropriate for other sediment toxicity test procedures, such as flow-through or partial life-cycle tests. The methods outlined in this guide should also be useful for conducting sediment toxicity tests with other aquatic taxa, although modifications might be necessary. Other test organisms might include other species of polychaetes, crustaceans, and bivalves.
1.3 Other modifications of these procedures might be appropriate for special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, the results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to those of many other tests. Comparisons of the results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information concerning new concepts and procedures for conducting sediment tests with infaunal organisms.
1.4 These procedures are applicable to sediments contaminated with most chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, and known or unknown...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1611 − 21
Standard Guide for
Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous
1
Annelids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1611; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* formulations, commercial products, and known or unknown
mixtures. These procedures can be used with appropriate
1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining laboratory
modificationstoconductsedimenttoxicitytestsonfactorssuch
dataconcerningtheadverseeffectsofpotentiallycontaminated
as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and natural
sediment, or of a test material added experimentally to con-
sedimentcharacteristics(forexample,particlesizedistribution,
taminated or uncontaminated sediment, on marine or estuarine
organiccarboncontent,andtotalsolids).Theseprocedurescan
infaunal polychaetes during 10-day or 20 to 28-day exposures.
also be used to conduct bioconcentration tests and in situ tests,
These procedures are useful for testing the effects of various
and to assess the toxicity of potentially contaminated field
geochemical characteristics of sediments on marine and estua-
sediments,orofmaterialssuchassewagesludge,oils,particu-
rine polychaetes and could be used to assess sediment toxicity
late matter, and solutions of toxicants added to sediments. A
tootherinfaunaltaxa,althoughmodificationsoftheprocedures
median lethal concentration (LC50) or median sublethal effect
appropriate to the test species might be necessary. Procedures
concentration (EC50) of toxicants or of highly contaminated
for the 10-day static test are described for Neanthes arenaceo-
2
sediment mixed into uncontaminated sediment can be deter-
dentata and Alitta virens (formerly Nereis virens and Nean-
mined.Materialsadheringtosedimentparticlesordissolvedin
thes virens) and for the 20 to 28-day static-renewal sediment
interstitial water can be tested.
toxicity for N. arenaceodentata.
1.5 The results of 10-day toxicity tests with contaminated
1.2 Modifications of these procedures might be appropriate
sediments can be reported as a LC50 if a series of concentra-
for other sediment toxicity test procedures, such as flow-
tions is tested or as a percent mortality relative to a control or
through or partial life-cycle tests.The methods outlined in this
reference sediment. The results of 20 to 28-day toxicity tests
guide should also be useful for conducting sediment toxicity
with contaminated sediments can be reported as a LC50 if a
tests with other aquatic taxa, although modifications might be
series of concentrations is tested or as a percent mortality or
necessary. Other test organisms might include other species of
growth relative to a control or reference sediment.
polychaetes, crustaceans, and bivalves.
1.6 This guide is arranged as follows:
1.3 Other modifications of these procedures might be ap-
Section
propriate for special needs or circumstances. Although using
Referenced Documents 2
appropriate procedures is more important than following pre-
Terminology 3
scribedprocedures,theresultsoftestsconductedusingunusual Summary of Guide 4
Significance and Use 5
procedures are not likely to be comparable to those of many
Interferences 6
othertests.Comparisonsoftheresultsobtainedusingmodified
Apparatus 7
and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide Facilities 7.1
Construction Materials 7.2
useful information concerning new concepts and procedures
Test Chambers 7.3
for conducting sediment tests with infaunal organisms.
Cleaning 7.4
Acceptability 7.5
1.4 These procedures are applicable to sediments contami-
Hazards 8
nated with most chemicals, either individually or in
Test Water 9
General Requirements 9.1
Source 9.2
Preparation 9.3
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental Characterization 9.4
Assessment, Risk Management and CorrectiveAction and is the direct responsibil- Test and Control Sediments 10
General 10.1
ity of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
Characterization 10.2
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally
Control Sediment 10.3
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E1611-00(2013).
Field-Collected Test Sediment 10.4
DOI: 10.1520/E1611-21.
2
Reference Sediment 10.5
World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) at
Laboratory-Spiked Test Sediment 10.6
https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=234851
*A Summary of Changes sectio
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1611 − 00 (Reapproved 2013) E1611 − 21
Standard Guide for
Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous
1
Annelids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1611; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the adverse effects of potentially contaminated
sediment, or of a test material added experimentally to contaminated or uncontaminated sediment, on marine or estuarine infaunal
polychaetes during 10-day or 20 to 28-day exposures. These procedures are useful for testing the effects of various geochemical
characteristics of sediments on marine and estuarine polychaetes and could be used to assess sediment toxicity to other infaunal
taxa, although modifications of the procedures appropriate to the test species might be necessary. Procedures for the 10-day static
2
test are described for Neanthes arenaceodentata and Alitta virens (formerly Nereis virens and Neanthes virens) and for the 20 to
28-day static-renewal sediment toxicity for N. arenaceodentata.
1.2 Modifications of these procedures might be appropriate for other sediment toxicity test procedures, such as flow-through or
partial life-cycle tests. The methods outlined in this guide should also be useful for conducting sediment toxicity tests with other
aquatic taxa, although modifications might be necessary. Other test organisms might include other species of polychaetes,
crustaceans, and bivalves.
1.3 Other modifications of these procedures might be appropriate for special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate
procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, the results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not
likely to be comparable to those of many other tests. Comparisons of the results obtained using modified and unmodified versions
of these procedures might provide useful information concerning new concepts and procedures for conducting sediment tests with
infaunal organisms.
1.4 These procedures are applicable to sediments contaminated with most chemicals, either individually or in formulations,
commercial products, and known or unknown mixtures. These procedures can be used with appropriate modifications to conduct
sediment toxicity tests on factors such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and natural sediment characteristics (for
example, particle size distribution, organic carbon content, and total solids). These procedures can also be used to conduct
bioconcentration tests and in situ tests, and to assess the toxicity of potentially contaminated field sediments, or of materials such
as sewage sludge, oils, particulate matter, and solutions of toxicants added to sediments. A median lethal concentration (LC50) or
median sublethal effect concentration (EC50) of toxicants or of highly contaminated sediment mixed into uncontaminated sediment
can be determined. Materials adhering to sediment particles or dissolved in interstitial water can be tested.
1.5 The results of 10-day toxicity tests with contaminated sediments can be reported as a LC50 if a series of concentrations is
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
Current edition approved March 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2021. Published March 2013December 2021. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20072013
as E1611 - 00(2007).(2013). DOI: 10.1520/E1611-00R13.10.1520/E1611-21.
2
World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) at
https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=234851
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1611 − 21
tested or as a percent mortality relative to a control or reference sediment. The results of 20 to 28-day toxicity tests with
contaminated sediments can be reported as a LC50 if a series of concentrations is tested or as a percent mortality or growth relative
to a control or reference sediment.
1.6 This guide is arranged a
...
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