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ASTM D5234-92(2012)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Analysis of Ethylene Product

Standard Guide for Analysis of Ethylene Product

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 When the various producers and users of ethylene product deal with the results obtained in analytical testing, inconsistency of units and test methods may cause major errors. This guide provides an overview of the typical concentrations of the possible components found in ethylene product, the methods used in analysis, and the units of measure. This overview is intended to be used to improve the consistency of methods and the units reported so that errors are minimized. Each producer and user of ethylene product should immediately review this guide to improve their awareness of the various analytical methods in use, the units of measure, and concentration levels of the possible components.  
4.2 Although this guide is not to be used for specifications, it can provide a starting point for the various parties to develop mutually agreed upon specifications that meet their respective requirements. It can also be used as a starting point in finding suitable test methods for ethylene components.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides direction for the analysis of ethylene product in a way that allows the analyst to know the possible test methods, the units of measure, and the potential concentrations range of possible components, so that the consistency of the analytical measurements is improved. This guide is not intended to be used, nor to be construed in any way, as a set of specifications for ethylene product.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2012
ICS
71.080.10 - Aliphatic hydrocarbons
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.D0.02 - Ethylene
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5234-92(2007) - Standard Guide for Analysis of Ethylene Product
Effective Date
01-Dec-2012
Referred By
ASTM D6159-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbon Impurities in Ethylene by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Dec-2012

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ASTM D5234-92(2012) - Standard Guide for Analysis of Ethylene ProductASTM D5234-92(2012) - Standard Guide for Analysis of Ethylene Product
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ASTM D5234-92(2012) - Standard Guide for Analysis of Ethylene Product
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5234 − 92 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Guide for
1
Analysis of Ethylene Product
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5234; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 ethylene product, n—hydrocarbon product containing
at least 99.85 % mass ethylene.
1.1 Thisguidecoversandprovidesdirectionfortheanalysis
ofethyleneproductinawaythatallowstheanalysttoknowthe 3.2 Symbols:
possible test methods, the units of measure, and the potential
3.2.1 C4s, n—saturated and unsaturated four carbon hydro-
concentrations range of possible components, so that the carbon compounds.
consistency of the analytical measurements is improved. This
3.2.2 COS, n—carbonyl sulfide.
guide is not intended to be used, nor to be construed in any
3.2.3 GC, n—gas chromatograph.
way, as a set of specifications for ethylene product.
3.2.4 FPD, n—flame photometric detector.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2.5 IC, n—ion chromatograph.
standard.
3.2.6 MeOH, n—methanol.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.7 NO, n—nitric oxide.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.8 NO,n—nitrogen dioxide.
2
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.9 O,n—oxygen.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2
3.2.10 sp. ion electrode, n—specific ion electrode.
2. Referenced Documents
2
4. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2504 Test Method for Noncondensable Gases in C and
2
4.1 When the various producers and users of ethylene
Lighter Hydrocarbon Products by Gas Chromatography
product deal with the results obtained in analytical testing,
D2505 Test Method for Ethylene, Other Hydrocarbons, and
inconsistency of units and test methods may cause major
Carbon Dioxide in High-Purity Ethylene by Gas Chroma-
errors. This guide provides an overview of the typical concen-
tography
trations of the possible components found in ethylene product,
D3246 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Gas by Oxida-
the methods used in analysis, and the units of measure. This
tive Microcoulometry
overview is intended to be used to improve the consistency of
D4178 Practice for Calibrating Moisture Analyzers
methods and the units reported so that errors are minimized.
D4468 Test Method for Total Sulfur in Gaseous Fuels by
Each producer and user of ethylene product should immedi-
Hydrogenolysis and Rateometric Colorimetry
ately review this guide to improve their awareness of the
F307 Practice for Sampling Pressurized Gas for Gas Analy-
various analytical methods in use, the units of measure, and
sis
concentration levels of the possible components.
4.2 Although this guide is not to be used for specifications,
3. Terminology
it can provide a starting point for the various parties to develop
3.1 Definitions:
mutually agreed upon specifications that meet their respective
requirements. It can also be used as a starting point in finding
suitable test methods for ethylene components.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
ProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD02.D0.02
on Ethylene.
5. Sampling
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originally
5.1 In general, sample ethylene product using Practice
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5234–92(2007).
DOI: 10.1520/D5234-92R12.
F307, or a similar method. Do not take liquid ethylene samples
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
in order to prevent over-pressuring of sample containers and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
elimination of fire and explosion hazards. Static electricity can
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. develop when discharging excess hydrocarbon at a fairly rapid
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5234 − 92 (2012)
A
TABLE 2 Ethylene Test Methods (Non-ASTM)
rate from a sample cylinder to ambient conditions. Use a
Components Possible Test Methods
grounding system or strap.
Methane, ethane propane, pro- An adaptation of Test Method D2505 is
5.2 Reactive and Polar Components:
pylene, propadiene, methyl acet- used by some labs. Others use a GC wide-
5.2.1 Determination of reactive components, such as certain ylene, acetylene bore capillary method.
...

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5.1 This procedure describes a rapid and sensitive method for estimating the stability reserve of an oil. The stability reserve is estimated in terms of a separability number, where a low value of the separability number indicates that there is a stability reserve within the oil. When the separability number is between 0 to 5, the oil can be considered to have a high stability reserve and asphaltenes are not likely to flocculate. If the separability number is between 5 to 10, the stability reserve in the oil will be much lower. However, asphaltenes are, in this case, not likely to flocculate as long as the oil is not exposed to any worse conditions, such as storing, aging, and heating. If the separability number is above 10, the stability reserve of the oil is very low and asphaltenes will easily flocculate, or have already started to flocculate.  
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1.1 This test method covers the quantitative measurement, either in the laboratory or in the field, of how easily asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils diluted in toluene phase separate upon addition of heptane. The result is a separability number (%). See also Test Method D7061.  
1.2 The test method is limited to asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils. ASTM specification fuels that generally fall within the scope of this test method are Specification D396, Grade Nos. 4, 5, and 6, Specification D975, Grade No. 4-D, and Specification D2880, Grade Nos. 3-GT and 4-GT. Refinery fractions from which such blended fuels are made also fall within the scope of this test method.  
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ASTM D7061-19e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring n-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene-Containing Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Scanning Device

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure describes a rapid and sensitive method for estimating the stability reserve of an oil. The stability reserve is estimated in terms of a separability number, where a low value of the separability number indicates that there is a stability reserve within the oil. When the separability number is between 0 to 5, the oil can be considered to have a high stability reserve and asphaltenes are not likely to flocculate. If the separability number is between 5 to 10, the stability reserve in the oil will be much lower. However, asphaltenes are, in this case, not likely to flocculate as long as the oil is not exposed to any worse conditions, such as storing, aging, and heating. If the separability number is above 10, the stability reserve of the oil is very low and asphaltenes will easily flocculate, or have already started to flocculate.  
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FIG. 1 Schematic Representation of a Typical Measurement Using an Optical Scanning Device  
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1.1 This test method covers the quantitative measurement, either in the laboratory or in the field, of how easily asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils diluted in toluene phase separate upon addition of heptane. This is measured as a separability number (%) by the use of an optical scanning device.  
1.2 The test method is limited to asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils. ASTM specification fuels that generally fall within the scope of this test method are Specification D396, Grade Nos. 4, 5, and 6, Specification D975, Grade No. 4-D, and Specification D2880, Grade Nos. 3-GT and 4-GT. Refinery fractions from which such blended fuels are made also fall within the scope of this test method.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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