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ASTM D5372-04

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids

Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The significance of each test method will depend upon the system in use and the purpose of the test method as listed under Section 5. Use the most recent editions of ASTM test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information, without specific limits, for selecting standard test methods for testing heat transfer fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are considered particularly useful in characterizing hydrocarbon heat transfer fluids in closed systems.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2004
ICS
27.220 - Heat recovery. Thermal insulation
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.L0.06 - Non-Lubricating Process Fluids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5372-93(1998) - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D5372-04(2009) - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids
Effective Date
15-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D8046-21 - Standard Guide for Pumpability of Heat Transfer Fluids
Effective Date
01-May-2004

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ASTM D5372-04 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer FluidsASTM D5372-04 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids
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ASTM D5372-04 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D5372–04
Standard Guide for
1
Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5372; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
2
1. Scope Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
1.1 This guide provides information, without specific limits,
D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-
for selecting standard test methods for testing heat transfer
ucts (ASTM Color Scale)
fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are considered
D 2160 Test Method for Thermal Stability of Hydraulic
particularly useful in characterizing hydrocarbon heat transfer
4
Fluids
fluids in closed systems.
D 2270 Practice for CalculatingViscosity Index from Kine-
2. Referenced Documents matic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
3
D 2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 2766 TestMethodforSpecificHeatofLiquidsandSolids
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
D 2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of
D 91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating
Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
Oils
D 3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of
D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
Aviation Turbine Fuels (JFTOT Procedure)
Open Cup Tester
D 4530 Test Method for Carbon Residue (Micro Method)
D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
D 6743 Test Method for Thermal Stability of Organic Heat
Closed Cup Tester
Transfer Fluids
D 95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
E 659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid
Bituminous Materials by Distillation
Chemicals
D 97 Test Methods for Pour Point of Petroleum Oils
G 4 Guide for Conducting Corrosion Tests in Field Appli-
D 189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of
cations
Petroleum Products
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
3. Terminology
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
3.1 Description of Term Specific to This Standard:
Viscosity)
3.1.1 heat transfer fluid—a petroleum oil or related hydro-
D 471 Test Method for Rubber Property-Effect of Liquids
carbon material which remains essentially a liquid while
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
transferring heat to or from an apparatus or process. Small
Petroleum Products
percentages of nonhydrocarbon components such as antioxi-
D 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Products
dants and dispersants can be present.
by Potentiometric Titration
D 893 Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils
4. Significance and Use
D 1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
4.1 The significance of each test method will depend upon
at Reduced Pressure
the system in use and the purpose of the test method as listed
D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
under Section 5. Use the most recent editions of ASTM test
methods.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
5. Recommended Test Procedures
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.L0 on
Industrial Lubricants. 5.1 Pumpability of the Fluid:
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
5.1.1 Flash Point, closed cup (Test Method D 93)—This
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 5372–93 (1998).
test method will detect low flash ends which are one cause of
2
The background for this standard was developed by a questionnaire circulated
cavitation during pumping. In closed systems, especially when
by ASTM-ASLE technical division L-VI-2 and reported in Lubrication Engineer-
ing, Vol 32, No. 8, August 1976, pp. 411–416.
fluids are exposed to temperatures of 225°C (approximately
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4
the ASTM website. Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5372–04
400°F) or higher, the formation of volatile hydrocarbons by altered oil. The temperature ranges of the tests should corre-
breakdown of the oil may require venting through a pressure spond to temperatures to which seals will be exposed in
relief system to prevent dangerous pressure build-up. service.
5.3.2 Corrosion (Guide G 4)—The a
...

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Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The significance of each test method will depend upon the system in use and the purpose of the test method as listed under Section 5. Use the most recent editions of ASTM test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information, without specific limits, for selecting standard test methods for testing heat transfer fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are considered particularly useful in characterizing hydrocarbon heat transfer fluids in closed systems.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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ASTM C1289-23a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation Board

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements for faced thermal insulation boards composed of rigid cellular polyisocyanurate surfaced with other materials. This standard is intended to apply to rigid cellular polyurethane-modified polyisocyanurate thermal insulation board products that are commercially acceptable as nonstructural panels useful in building construction. The materials are classified as follows: Types I, II, III, IV, and V. Under Type I are Classes 1 and 2. Under Type II are Classes 1, 2, and 3. Under Type II Class 1 are Grades 1, 2, and 3. Rigid polyisocyanurate thermal insulation boards shall be based upon the reaction of an isocyanate with a polyol, or the reaction of an isocyanate with itself, or both, using a catalyst and blowing agents to form a rigid closed-cell-structured polyisocyanurate foam. The insulation foam core shall be homogeneous and of uniform density. The following test methods shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements: conditioning; thermal resistance; compressive strength; dimensional stability; flexural strength; tensile strength perpendicular to board surface; water absorption; and water vapor transmission.
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1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for faced thermal insulation boards composed of rigid cellular polyisocyanurate surfaced with other materials. The insulation boards are intended for use at temperatures between −40 and 200°F (−40 and 93°C). This specification does not cover cryogenic applications. Consult the manufacturer for specific recommendations and properties in cryogenic conditions. For specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 This standard is intended to apply to rigid cellular polyurethane-modified polyisocyanurate thermal insulation board products that are commercially acceptable as non-structural panels useful in building construction. The term polyisocyanurate encompasses the term polyurethane. For engineering and design purposes, users should follow specific product information provided by board manufacturers regarding physical properties, system design considerations and installation recommendations.
Note 1: See Appendix X1 for guidance on determining wind pressure resistance of panels when required for wall sheathing applications.  
1.3 The use of thermal insulation materials covered by this specification is typically regulated by building codes, or other agencies that address fire performance. Where required, the fire performance of the material shall be addressed through standard fire test methods established by the appropriate governing documents.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 2: For conversion to metric units other than those contained in this standard, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI 10.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C488-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Finishes for Thermal Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Both physical and chemical changes possibly occur from weather exposure, and these changes affect performance properties, service life, and maintenance schedules. For this reason, tests of properties relating to performance shall be made both before and after specific periods of outdoor exposure.  
5.2 This test method recognizes that differing geographical locations, environmental conditions, differences between surface temperatures and ambient temperatures, and test durations have extremely varied effects upon the test results.  
5.3 This test method is to be used for comparative qualitative testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers out-of-doors exposure testing of finishes that are normally field-applied to thermal insulation and possibly include joints or joint sealants, or both. Such exposure is essential prior to the determination of certain physical properties when the finish is to be exposed to exterior weather conditions. This test method also indicates possible compatibility problems between the joint sealant and the finish as well as the ability of the finish to span a dry joint. This test method is not intended to evaluate mildew resistance, efflorescence, or chemical resistance.  
Note 1: For testing free plastic films, see Practice D1435.  
1.2 This test method does not prescribe the method of application, test duration, or inspection intervals.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM C461-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Mastics and Coatings Used With Thermal Insulation

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing mastics and coatings for use as weather and vapour barrier finishes on thermal insulations and for other accessory use. Take the samples for laboratory examination from the original containers immediately after stirring to a uniform condition. Determine the number of containers sampled as required representing a shipment. Open the original containers and examine them for uniformity of contents. The procedures for determining the stability of coatings under freezing are presented in details. The paper covers the determination of the volume of volatile matter and the coverage per unit of dry film thickness of mastics and coatings. Application of the material to the test panels shall meet the requirements prescribed, or to the thickness and by the method to be followed in practice, such as spray, brush, or trowel. Test the coated panel prepared in accordance with the required method at 15-min intervals to determine the time required to set-to-touch, and at 30-min intervals to determine the time to reach practical hardness.
SCOPE
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1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Section  
Sampling  
4  
Uniformity and Storage Stability  
5  
Stability Under Freezing  
6  
Density and Weight per Gallon  
7  
Consistency  
8  
Solids Content  
9  
Content of Volume Solids and Coverage of Mastics and Coatings  
10  
Sag Resistance (Build)  
11  
Drying Time  
12  
Flash Point  
13  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C795-08(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel

ABSTRACT
This specification covers non-metallic thermal insulation for use in contact with austenitic stainless steel piping and equipment. The material shall conform to the established requirements of the basic material specification. The physical and chemical requirements shall conform to the requirements of the basic material specification. Preproduction corrosion test and chemical analysis shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
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1.1 This specification covers non-metallic thermal insulation for use in contact with austenitic stainless steel piping and equipment. In addition to meeting the requirements specified in their individual material specifications, issued under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16, these insulations must pass the preproduction test requirements of Test Method C692, for stress corrosion effects on austenitic stainless steel, and the confirming quality control, chemical requirements, when tested in accordance with the Test Methods C871.  
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This specification covers the composition and physical properties of mineral-fiber blanket insulation used to thermally or acoustically insulate ceilings, floors, and walls in light frame construction and manufactured housing. The requirements cover fibrous blankets and facings. Typical mineral-fiber thermal insulation is classified into the following types, classes, and categories: Type I; Type II (Class A, Class B, and Class C (Category 1 and Category 2)); and Type III (Class A, Class B, and Class C (Category 1 and Category 2)). The following test methods shall be performed: dimensions; thermal resistance; surface burning characteristics; critical radiant flux; water vapor permeance; water vapor sorption; odor emission; corrosiveness; and fungi resistance.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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1.1 This specification covers the composition and physical properties of mineral-fiber blanket insulation used to thermally or acoustically insulate ceilings, floors, and walls in light frame construction and manufactured housing. The requirements cover fibrous blankets and facings. Values for water-vapor permeance of facings are suggested for information that will be helpful to designers and installers.  
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ASTM C686-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Parting Strength of Mineral Fiber Batt- and Blanket-Type Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Tensile strength is a fundamental property associated with mineral fiber manufacture since it is influenced by the type of fiber, the deposition of fiber, the type and the amount of bonding agent, and the method of curing the resin to form a bonded insulation product. The test is an indication of product integrity and the ability of the product to be successfully handled and applied in the field.
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1.1 This test method covers evaluation of strength in tension on mineral fiber batt- and blanket-type insulation products. It is useful for determining the comparative tensile properties of these products, specimens of which cannot be held by the more conventional clamp-type grips. This is a quality control method, and the results shall not be used for design purposes. It is not suitable for board-type products.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM C1134-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Rigid Thermal Insulations Following Partial Immersion

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Materials less than or equal to 15 mm (0.59 in.) in thickness shall not be tested in accordance with this test method in order to avoid complete immersion of the specimens. This type of exposure is beyond the scope of this test method.  
4.2 This test method is used to assess both the short-term water retention and the long-term water retention. The short-term water retention is assessed as the average of the water retained following partial immersion intervals of 0.75-h and 3.00-h, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness). The long-term water retention is assessed as the water retained following a 168-h partial immersion interval, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness).  
4.3 Materials shall be tested at both actual product thickness and 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness provided the materials can be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) without changing the original character of the materials. If a product cannot be cut without changing the original character of the material, the corresponding information shall be provided in the test report. Results shall be reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area (in units of kilograms per square meter) for materials tested at actual product thickness and on the basis of equal specimen volume (in units of percent by volume) for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness. If a product cannot be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) or if the actual product thickness is less than 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) but greater than 15 mm (0.59 in.), the product shall only be tested at actual product thickness and results only reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area.  
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1.1 This test method determines the amount of water retained (including surface water) by rigid block and board thermal insulations used in building construction applications after these materials have been partially immersed in liquid water for prescribed time intervals under isothermal conditions. This test method is intended to be used for the characterization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to simulate any particular environmental condition potentially encountered in building construction applications.  
1.2 This test method does not address all the possible mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenomena for rigid thermal insulations. It relates only to those conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumulation in thermal insulations due to complete immersion, water vapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling, or a combination of these effects requires different test procedures.  
1.3 Each partial immersion interval is followed by a brief free-drainage period. This test method does not address or attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials. Therefore, results for materials with different internal structure and porosity, such as cellular materials and fibrous materials, are not necessarily directly comparable. Also, test results for specimens of different thickness are not necessarily directly comparable because of porosity effects. The surface characteristics of a material also affect drainage. It is possible that specimens with rough surfaces will retain more surface water than specimens with smooth surfaces, and that surface treatment during specimen preparation will affect water intake and retention. Therefore, it is not advisable to directly compare results for materials with different surface characteristics.  
1.4 For most materials the size of the test specimens is small compared with the size of the products actually inst...

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ASTM C667-17(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Prefabricated Reflective Insulation Systems for Equipment and Pipe Operating at Temperatures above Ambient Air

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for all metal prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and piping operating at temperatures above ambient in air proposed for use in nuclear power-generating plants and industrial plants. The insulation unit is a rigid, self-contained, prefabricated metal construction made of an inner and outer casing arranged to form a rigid assembly with separated air spaces between the inner and outer casing and the individual reflective liners. The reflective insulation described herein is limited to systems of insulating units, designed to fit the equipment or piping to be insulated. The units shall be manufactured from metals that are in accordance with the thermal, physical, and chemical requirements not only of the insulation as unit, but also as an assembly of units forming the insulation system.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for all metal prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and piping operating in air at temperatures above ambient. Typical applications are in nuclear power-generating plants and industrial plants.  
1.2 Reflective insulation is thermal insulation that reduces radiant heat transfer across spaces by the use of surfaces of high reflectance and low emittance.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM C585-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this practice is to ensure satisfactory fit on standard sizes, to accommodate radial expansion of pipes and tubes which are heated after being insulated, and to minimize the number of insulation sizes and thicknesses to be manufactured and stocked.  
4.2 While it is possible to manufacturer insulation to these recommended dimensions, exercise care in attempting to nest layers of different materials, or layers supplied by different manufacturers. Individual manufacturing processes will operate at slightly different tolerances. While the product will fit the pipe, it is possible that it will not readily nest as the outer layer between the different materials, or with a different manufacturer, and possibly the same manufacturer. Exercise care to determine these differences before specifying or ordering nesting sizes.  
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4.4 Dimensions in accordance with this practice do not necessarily permit application of one thickness of pipe insulation over another (Nesting or Simplified Dimensional System) to obtain total thicknesses greater than those manufactured as single layer, or for multilayer application when desired.  
FIG. 3 Hinged Section Measurement Location
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1.1 This practice is intended as a dimensional standard for preformed thermal insulation for pipes and tubing.  
1.2 This practice covers insulation supplied in cylindrical sections and lists recommended single layer inner and outer diameters of insulation having nominal wall thicknesses from 1/2 to 5 in. (13 to 127 mm) to fit over standard sizes of pipe and tubing.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in SI units are provided for information only.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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