ASTM F3180/F3180M-16

Standard Specification for Low-Speed Flight Characteristics of Aeroplanes

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the airworthiness design requirements for low-speed aeroplane flight characteristics. The applicant for a design approval shall seek the individual guidance to their respective civil aviation authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this specification as part of a certification plan.
This specification is applicable to small aeroplanes and covers departure characteristics, spinning, and stall warning.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification will cover the flight characteristics of aeroplanes at low speed and provide standards for departure characteristics, spinning, and stall warning.  
1.2 This specification establishes the airworthiness design requirements associated with low-speed aeroplane flight characteristics.  
1.3 The applicant for a design approval shall seek the individual guidance to their respective civil aviation authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this specification as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this specification (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their small aircraft airworthiness regulations (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM Committee F44 webpage (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm), which includes CAA website links.  
1.4 This specification is applicable to small aeroplanes.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2016
• ICS: 49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general
• Technical Committee: F44 - General Aviation Aircraft
• Drafting Committee: F44.20 - Flight

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM F3180/F3180M-17 - Standard Specification for Low-Speed Flight Characteristics of Aircraft
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2017
• Referred By: ASTM F3120/F3120M-20 - Standard Specification for Ice Protection for General Aviation Aircraft
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2016
• Referred By: ASTM F3264-23 - Standard Specification for Normal Category Aeroplanes Certification
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2016
• Referred By: ASTM F3563-22 - Standard Specification for Design and Construction of Large Fixed Wing Unmanned Aircraft Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2016
• Referred By: ASTM F3454-21 - Standard Practice for Alerting Methods in Aircraft
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2016
• Referred By: ASTM F3491-21 - Standard Practice for Enhanced Indication Methods in Aircraft
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2016
• Referred By: ASTM F3232/F3232M-23 - Standard Specification for Flight Controls in Small Aircraft
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F3180/F3180M −16
Standard Specification for
1
Low-Speed Flight Characteristics of Aeroplanes
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF3180/F3180M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F3179/F3179M SpecificationforPerformanceofAeroplanes
1.1 This specification will cover the flight characteristics of
3. Terminology
aeroplanes at low speed and provide standards for departure
characteristics, spinning, and stall warning.
3.1 See Terminology F3060 for more definitions and abbre-
viations.
1.2 This specification establishes the airworthiness design
requirements associated with low-speed aeroplane flight char-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
acteristics.
3.2.1 ball width—a displacement on a standardized slip-skip
1.3 The applicant for a design approval shall seek the indicator that corresponds to a lateral acceleration of tan
2 2
individual guidance to their respective civil aviation authority (4π/180) = 0.07 G = 0.7 m/s [2.3 ft/s ].
(CAA) body concerning the use of this specification as part of
3.2.2 directional control—cockpit control that is intended
a certification plan. For information on which CAAregulatory
for, but not necessarily limited to, generation of aircraft yaw
bodies have accepted this specification (in whole or in part) as
motion.
a means of compliance to their small aircraft airworthiness
3.2.3 lateral control—cockpit control that is intended for,
regulations (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to
but not necessarily limited to, generation of aircraft roll
ASTM Committee F44 webpage (www.astm.org/
motion.
COMMITTEE/F44.htm), which includes CAA website links.
3.2.4 longitudinal control—cockpit control that is intended
1.4 This specification is applicable to small aeroplanes.
for, but not necessarily limited to, generation of aircraft pitch
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
motion.
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
4. Low-Speed Characteristics
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
4.1 Stall:
formance with the standard.
4.1.1 Wings-Level Stall:
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1.1.1 Primary Flight Control Behavior:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(1) For single engine low-speed Level 1 aeroplanes with
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
V ≤ 45 knots that have interconnected lateral and directional
S0
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
controls, it shall be possible to produce and correct roll by
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
unreversed use of the lateral control without producing exces-
sive yaw, up to the time the aeroplane stalls.
2. Referenced Documents
(2) For all other Level 1 aeroplanes, and all Level 2, 3, and
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4 aeroplanes, it shall be possible to produce and correct roll by
unreversed use of the lateral control and to produce and correct
F3060 Terminology for Aircraft
F3173/F3173M Specification for Handling Characteristics yaw by unreversed use of the directional control up to the time
of Aeroplanes the aeroplane stalls.
4.1.1.2 The wings-level stall characteristics shall be demon-
strated in flight as follows. Starting from a speed at least 18.5
1
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF44onGeneral
km/h [10 knots] above the stall speed, the longitudinal control
AviationAircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F44.20 on Flight.
shall be pulled back so that the rate of speed reduction will not
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016. Published March 2016. DOI: 10.1520/
F3180_F3180M-16.
exceed 1.9 (km/h)/s [1 knot/s] until a stall is produced, as
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
shown by either:
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
(1) An uncontrollable downward pitching motion of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. aeroplane,
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3180/F3180M − 16
(2) A downward pitching motion of the aeroplane that progressively tightening the turn with the longitudinal control
results from the activation of a stall avoidance device (for until the aeroplane is stalled. The rate of speed red
...