ASTM B170-99(2020)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Oxygen-Free Electrolytic Copper—Refinery Shapes
Standard Specification for Oxygen-Free Electrolytic Copper—Refinery Shapes
ABSTRACT
This specification covers grade 1 ( UNS C10100) and grade 2 (UNS C10200) of oxygen-free electrolytic copper wire bars, billets, and cakes produced without the use of metallic or metaloidal deoxidizers. The chemical composition of each grade shall be in accordance with the requirements specified. The maximum mass resistivity for grade 1 and grade 2 are presented. Grade 1 shall withstand ten reverse bends without breaking, in accordance with test method d of test methods B 577. Grade 2 shall withstand eight reverse bends without breaking in accordance with Test Method D of test methods B 577.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for two grades of oxygen-free electrolytic copper wire bars, billets, and cakes produced without the use of metallic or metaloidal deoxidizers.
1.2 Oxygen-free copper, as described herein, is defined as copper containing oxygen not in excess of 0.0010 % (10 ppm).
1.2.1 Grade 1 copper (UNS C10100) corresponds to the designation OFE in Classification B224.
1.2.2 Grade 2 copper (UNS C10200) corresponds to the designation OF in Classification B224.
1.2.3 Grade 2 copper may be used to produce OFS designation coppers corresponding to UNS C10400, C10500, and C10700.
1.3 Although this specification includes certain UNS designations as described in Practice E527, these designations are for cross reference only and are not specification requirements. In case of conflict, Specification B170 shall govern.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only, except for analytical measurements where SI units are the norm.
1.5 The following hazard caveat pertains only to Section 13 and Annex A1, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B170 − 99 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Specification for
Oxygen-Free Electrolytic Copper—Refinery Shapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B170; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for two 2.1 ASTM Standards:
grades of oxygen-free electrolytic copper wire bars, billets, and B5 Specification for High Conductivity Tough-Pitch Copper
cakes produced without the use of metallic or metaloidal Refinery Shapes
deoxidizers. B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
Materials
1.2 Oxygen-free copper, as described herein, is defined as
B224 Classification of Coppers
copper containing oxygen not in excess of 0.0010 % (10 ppm).
B577 Test Methods for Detection of Cuprous Oxide (Hydro-
1.2.1 Grade 1 copper (UNS C10100) corresponds to the
gen Embrittlement Susceptibility) in Copper
designation OFE in Classification B224.
B846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys
1.2.2 Grade 2 copper (UNS C10200) corresponds to the
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
designation OF in Classification B224.
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.2.3 Grade 2 copper may be used to produce OFS desig-
E50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Consid-
nation coppers corresponding to UNS C10400, C10500, and
erations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and
C10700.
Related Materials
1.3 Although this specification includes certain UNS desig-
E53 Test Method for Determination of Copper in Unalloyed
nations as described in Practice E527, these designations are
Copper by Gravimetry (Withdrawn 2022)
for cross reference only and are not specification requirements.
E76 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Copper
In case of conflict, Specification B170 shall govern.
Alloys (Withdrawn 2003)
E255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for the Determination of Chemical Composition
information only, except for analytical measurements where SI E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the
Unified Numbering System (UNS)
units are the norm.
1.5 The following hazard caveat pertains only to Section 13
3. Terminology
and Annex A1, of this specification. This standard does not
3.1 Definitions:
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated
3.1.1 Definition of terms used shall be that found in Clas-
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard
sification B224 and Terminology B846.
to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
4. Ordering Information
tions prior to use.
4.1 Orders for material shall include the following informa-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
tion:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1.2 Grade,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copper For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.07 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Refined Copper. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2020. Published April 2020. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as B170–99 (2015). DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/B0170–99R20. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B170 − 99 (2020)
4.1.2.1 Grade 1 copper, (UNS C10100), corresponds to the 6.2 Embrittlement Test:
designation OFE in Classification B224, 6.2.1 Grade 1 shall withstand ten reverse bends without
4.1.2.2 Grade 2 copper (UNS C10200), corresponds to the
breaking, in accordance with Test Method D of Test Methods
designation OF in Classification B224, B577.
4.1.3 Shape and size, and
6.2.2 Grade 2 shall withstand eight reverse bends without
4.1.4 Quantity.
breaking in accordance with Test Method D of Test Methods
B577.
4.2 The following options are available and should be
specified at time of order when required:
7. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
4.2.1 Certification,
4.2.2 Test reports,
7.1 Standard Shapes and Sizes—The copper shall be sup-
4.2.3 Piece identification,
plied in the form of wire bars, cakes, and billets (Note 1).
4.2.4 The amount of silver required in troy oz/short ton for
NOTE 1—For available shapes and sizes consult the manufacturer’s
silver bearing (OFS) coppers,
published list.
4.2.4.1 The addition of silver up to an average of 30 troy
7.1.1 Wire bars covered by this specification do not conform
oz/short ton (0.102 %) will be considered within the
in dimension to Specification B5.
specification, with no individual silver analysis to exceed
35 troy oz ⁄short ton (0.12 %), and
7.2 Wire Bars:
4.2.4.2 Copper with added silver corresponds to the desig-
7.2.1 A variation of 5 % in weight, or
nation OFS as shown in Classification B224 and to coppers
7.2.2 A variation of ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) in height, or width, or
UNS C10400, C10500, and C10700 as defined by the agreed
both, or
silver content.
7.2.3 A variation of 1 % in length from the purchaser’s
specification shall be considered good delivery.
5. Chemical Composition
7.3 Cakes:
5.1 The composition of each grade shall be in accordance
7.3.1 A variation of 5 % in weight, or
with the requirements of Table 1.
7.3.2 A variation of ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) in height or width, or
5.2 By agreement between purchaser and supplier, analysis
both, from the purchaser’s specification shall be considered
may be required and limits established for elements not
good delivery.
specified in Table 1.
7.3.3 Cakes may vary by 3 % from any listed or specified
dimension greater than 8 in. (203 mm).
6. Physical Properties
7.4 Billets:
6.1 Electrical Resistivity:
7.4.1 For billets up to 6 in. (152.4 mm) in diameter, a
6.1.1 The maximum mass resistivity for Grade 1 is 0.15176
2 variation of 5 % in weight and 6 ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) in diameter
Ω g/m (conductivity 101 %, minimum, International An-
from the purchaser’s specification shall be considered good
nealed Copper Standards, (IACS).
delivery.
6.1.2 The maximum mass resistivity for Grade 2 is 0.15328
7.4.2 For billets 6 in. (152.4 mm) and over in diameter, the
Ω g/m (conductivity 100 %, minimum, IACS).
1 1
diameter tolerance shall be + ⁄16, − ⁄8 in. (+1.6 mm, −3.2 mm)
for good delivery.
A 7.4.3 By agreement between the manufacturer and the
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
purchaser a diameter tolerance of +0 in., − ⁄16 in. (+0 mm,
Element Grade 1 Grade 2
B −4.8 mm) may be specified for billets 6 in. and over in
Copper, min % 99.99 . . .
Copper (including silver), min % . . . 99.95 diameter.
ppm, max ppm, max
7.4.4 Billets varying in length by 62 % from the listed or
Antimony 4 . . .
specified length shall be considered good delivery.
Arsenic 5 . . .
Bismuth 1 . . .
7.4.5 Billets shall be straight within ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) in 4 ft
Cadmium 1 . . .
(1.22 m) as measured at the center of the billet.
Iron 10 . . .
7.4.6 Billets shall not be cupped except by specific agree-
Lead 5 . . .
Manganese 0.5 . . .
ment at time of purchase.
Nickel 10 . . .
Oxygen 5 10
C
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
Phosphorus 3 . . .
Selenium 3 . . .
8.1 Wire Bars, Billets, and Cakes—Shall be substantially
Silver 25 . . .
Sulfur 15 . . .
free of shrink holes, porosity, cracks, cold sets, pits, inclusions,
Tellurium 2 . . .
and similar defects.
Tin 2 . . .
Zinc 1 . . .
A 9. Sampling
Analytical uncertainty is not incorporated into the specified limits.
B
Copper is determined by the difference of impurity total from 100.
C 9.1 For routine sampling, the method of sampling shall be at
Refer to Section 13.
the discretion of the sampler.
B170 − 99 (2020)
9.2 In the case of special requirements specified in the 9.6 Resistivity—In case of dispute concerning mass
purchase order or contract, the method of sampling shall be as resistivity, each party shall select two pieces from the lot.
agreed upon between the producer, or supplier, and the
9.6.1 In the presence of both parties, and by mutually
purchaser.
agreeable means, a single sample of adequate size shall be cut
from each of the four pieces and fabricated into a wire.
9.3 In case of dispute, a sampling lot shall consist of all
9.6.2 Each coil shall be cut into three portions of approxi-
pieces in a shipment manufactured during a single production
mately equal length, and the twelve portions thus obtained
period as defined and recorded by the manufacturer.
shall be individually identified.
9.4 Chemical Composition—In case of dispute concerning
9.6.3 The twelve wires shall be divided into three groups of
chemical composition, each party shall select two pieces from
four wires each, one from each of the four original selected
the lot to be investigated.
pieces; one group each for the manufacturer, the purchaser, and
9.4.1 Each of the four selected pieces shall be sampled in
the umpire, if necessary.
the presence of both parties by drilling five holes, approxi-
9.7 Embrittlement—In case of dispute concerning freedom
mately ⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter, at points equally spaced
from embrittlement, sampling shall be described in 9.6.
between the ends of the pieces.
9.4.2 For wire bars or billets, these holes shall be along an
9.8 Variation in Weights or Dimensions—In case of dispute
approximate center line, and with cakes, along an approximate
concerning weights or dimensions, the representative of the
diagonal line between opposite corners.
manufacturer and purchaser shall inspect all pieces where
9.4.3 The drilling shall be completely through each piece.
physical defects or variations in weights are claimed. If such
Surface drillings shall be rejected.
inspection is not practical, or if agreement is not reached, the
9.4.3.1 The drill bit used shall be thoroughly cleaned prior
question of fact shall be submitted to a mutually agreeable
to use. The bit shall be made from a noncontaminating
umpire.
material.
9.4.3.2 No lubricant shall be used, and the drill shall not be
10. Number of Tests and Retests
forced sufficiently to cause oxidation of the drillings.
10.1 Number of Tests:
9.4.4 In case of a section more than 5 in. (125 mm) in
10.1.1 The chemical composition, except for oxygen, shall
thickness, drillings may be made from opposite sides for a
be determined as the mean of the observations from three
depth of not less than 2 in. (51 mm) in each direction instead
replicate analyses of each of the four portions.
of completely through each piece, but, in other respects, the
10.1.2 The oxygen content shall be determined as the mean
drillings shall be conducted as previously described.
of the results from the four test specimens.
9.4.5 The drillings from each of the four pieces are indi-
10.1.3 The mass resistivity shall be determined as the mean
vidually mixed and divided into three approximately equal
of the results from the four test specimens.
portions.
10.1.4 The freedom from embrittlement shall be determined
9.4.5.1 Each portion shall be placed in a sealed,
as the mean of the results from the four test specimens.
noncontaminating, package, and
9.4.5.2 The twelve portions shall be individually identified,
10.2 Retest:
and
10.2.1 In case of dispute one retest may be made by the
9.4.5.3 Divided into three groups of four portion each, one
manufacturer or the purchaser or both, under the conditions of
portion from each of the original four pieces; one group each
10.1.
for the manufacturer, the purchaser, and the umpire, if neces-
10.3 Umpire Test:
sary.
10.3.1 In the case where the retest does not settle the
9.4.6 Sampling of individual pieces weighing over 1000 lb
dispute, a second retest may be made by a third qualified
(453 kg) shall be by agreement between manufacturer and the
laboratory agreeable to the manufacturer and the purchaser.
purchaser.
The second retest shall be made on the samples set aside for
9.5 Oxygen—In case of dispute concerning oxygen content,
this purpose.
each party shall select two pieces from the lot to be investi-
10.3.2 The umpire provision does not preclude other
gated.
arrangements, by agreement or contract.
9.5.1 Each of the four selected pieces shall be sampled in
the presence of both parties. A single piece of adequate size
11. Specimen Preparation
shall be cut from each of the four pieces by mutually agreeable
11.1 Oxygen:
means.
11.1.1 The test specimen shall originate as a single piece of
9.5.2 Each piece shall be cut into three approximately equal
portions. The twelve portions thus obtained shall be individu- appropriate size cut from a bar, cake, or billet from which a
0.25 in. (6.4 mm) test cube specimen is fabricated by means
ally identified.
agreeable to the manufacturer and the purchaser.
9.5.3 The twelve portions shall be divided into three groups
of four portions each, one from each of the original four pieces; 11.1.2 The test specimen shall be etched with a solution of
one group each for the manufacturer, the purchaser, and the nitric acid (HNO ) (1+1) for a time sufficient to produce a
umpire, if necessary. visible reaction.
B170 − 99 (2020)
11.1.3 The test specimen is removed from the acid with 12.6 In case of dispute concerning the oxygen content of
stainless steel, or platinum tipped, tongs, or forceps, and rinsed Grade 1 or Grade 2, the method of analysis shall be by the
four times with distilled or deionized water. conductometric method, the vacuum fusion method, or the
11.1.4 The test specimen is covered with concentrated inert gas fusion technique, described in the annex.
hydrochloric acid (HCl) for 5 min, rins
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