ASTM F3116/F3116M-18e2

Standard Specification for Design Loads and Conditions

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design loads and conditions of small airplanes, and is applicable to small airplanes as defined in the F44 terminology standard. The applicant for a design approval must seek individual guidance from their respective civil aviation authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this specification as part of a certification plan.
The requirements cover: flight loads including air, ground, and water loads; flight load factors; symmetrical and unsymmetrical flight conditions; limit maneuvering load factors; gust load factors; design fuel loads; rolling and yawing conditions; pressurized cabin loads; unsymmetrical loads due to engine failure; maneuvering loads for horizontal surfaces; and gust loads for horizontal surfaces. Also addressed in this specification are design airspeeds, engine mount loads, and flight control loads.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification addresses the airworthiness requirements for the design loads and conditions of small airplanes.  
1.2 This specification is applicable to small airplanes as defined in the F44 terminology standard. Use of the term airplane is used throughout this specification and will mean “small airplane.”  
1.3 The applicant for a design approval must seek individual guidance from their respective CAA body concerning the use of this standard as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small Airplane Airworthiness Rules (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.  
1.4 Units—Currently there is a mix of SI and Imperial units. In many locations, SI units have been included otherwise units are as they appear in Amendment 62 of 14 CFR Part 23. In a future revision values will be consistently stated in SI units followed by Imperial units in square brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2018
• ICS: 49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general
• Technical Committee: F44 - General Aviation Aircraft
• Drafting Committee: F44.30 - Structures

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´2
Designation: F3116/F3116M − 18
Standard Specification for
1
Design Loads and Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3116/F3116M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Section reference in 6.3.1.1 was corrected editorially in February 2020.
2
ε NOTE—Fig. X1.2 and Fig. X1.3 images were interchanged editorially in January 2021.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This specification addresses the airworthiness require-
ments for the design loads and conditions of small airplanes.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 This specification is applicable to small airplanes as 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
defined in the F44 terminology standard. Use of the term
F3060 Terminology for Aircraft
airplane is used throughout this specification and will mean
F3331 Practice for Aircraft Water Loads
“small airplane.” 3
2.2 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations:
1.3 The applicant for a design approval must seek individual 14 CFR Part 23 Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility,
guidance from their respective CAA body concerning the use Aerobatic and Commuter Category Airplanes (Amend-
of this standard as part of a certification plan. For information ment 62)
4
on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this standard 2.3 European Aviation Safety Agency Regulations:
(in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small Certification Specifications for Normal, Utility, Aerobatic,
Airplane Airworthiness Rules (hereinafter referred to as “the and Commuter Category Aeroplanes (CS-23, Amendment
Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/ 3)
COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links. Certification Specifications for Very Light Aeroplanes (CS-
VLA, Amendment 1)
1.4 Units—Currently there is a mix of SI and Imperial units.
In many locations, SI units have been included otherwise units
3. Terminology
are as they appear in Amendment 62 of 14 CFR Part 23. In a
3.1 A listing of terms, abbreviations, acronyms, and sym-
future revision values will be consistently stated in SI units
bols related to aircraft covered by ASTM Committees F37 and
followed by Imperial units in square brackets. The values
F44 airworthiness design standards can be found in Terminol-
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,
ogy F3060. Items listed below are more specific to this
each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-
standard.
ing values from the two systems may result in non-
conformance with the standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 chordwise, n—directed, moving, or placed along the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
chord of an airfoil section.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2.2 downwash, n—the downward deflection of an air-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
stream by an aircraft wing.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.3 flight envelope, n—any combination of airspeed and
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
load factor on and within the boundaries of a flight envelope
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
that represents the envelope of the flight loading conditions
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
specified by the maneuvering and gust criteria.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F44 on General Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Aviation Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F44.30 on the ASTM website.
3
Structures. Available from U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO), 732 N. Capitol St.,
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. Originally NW, Washington, DC 20401, http://www.gpo.gov.
4
approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F3116/F3116M–15. Available from European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), Postfach 10 12 53,
DOI: 10.1520/F3116_F3116M–18E02. D-50452 Cologne, Germany, https://www.easa.europa.eu/.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F3116
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´2 ´2
Designation: F3116/F3116M − 18 F3116/F3116M − 18
Standard Specification for
1
Design Loads and Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3116/F3116M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Section reference in 6.3.1.1 was corrected editorially in February 2020.
2
ε NOTE—Fig. X1.2 and Fig. X1.3 images were interchanged editorially in January 2021.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification addresses the airworthiness requirements for the design loads and conditions of small airplanes.
1.2 This specification is applicable to small airplanes as defined in the F44 terminology standard. Use of the term airplane is used
throughout this specification and will mean “small airplane.”
1.3 The applicant for a design approval must seek individual guidance from their respective CAA body concerning the use of this
standard as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this standard (in whole
or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small Airplane Airworthiness Rules (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to
ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.
1.4 Units—Currently there is a mix of SI and Imperial units. In many locations, SI units have been included otherwise units are
as they appear in Amendment 62 of 14 CFR Part 23. In a future revision values will be consistently stated in SI units followed
by Imperial units in square brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F3060 Terminology for Aircraft
F3331 Practice for Aircraft Water Loads
3
2.2 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations:
14 CFR Part 23 Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Aerobatic and Commuter Category Airplanes (Amendment 62)
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F44 on General Aviation Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F44.30 on Structures.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F3116/F3116M–15. DOI:
10.1520/F3116_F3116M–18E01.10.1520/F3116_F3116M–18E02.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO), 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401, http://www.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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F3116/F3116M − 18
4
2.3 European Aviation Safety Agency Regulations:
Certification Specifications for Normal, Utility, Aerobatic, and Commuter Category Aeroplanes (CS-23, Amendment 3)
Certification Specifications for Very Light Aeroplanes (CS-VLA, Amendment 1)
3. Terminology
3.1 A listing of terms, abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols related to aircraft covered by ASTM Committees F37 and F44
airworthiness design standards can be found in Terminology F3060. Items listed below are more specific to this standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 chordwise, n—directed, moving, or placed along the chord of an airfoil section.
3.2.2 downwash, n—the downward deflection of an airstream by an aircraft wing.
3.2.3 flight envelope, n—any combination of airspeed and load
...