ASTM D4740-04(2014)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Cleanliness and Compatibility of Residual Fuels by Spot Test
Standard Test Method for Cleanliness and Compatibility of Residual Fuels by Spot Test
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The two procedures in this test method are used alone or in combination to identify fuels or blends that could result in excessive centrifuge loading, strainer plugging, tank sludge formation, or similar operating problems.
5.2 A spot rating of Number 3 or higher on a finished fuel oil by the cleanliness procedure indicates that the fuel contains excessive suspended solids and is likely to cause operating problems.
5.3 Although a fuel may test clean when subjected to the cleanliness procedure, suspended solids may precipitate when the fuel is mixed with a blend stock. Evidence of such incompatibility is indicated by a spot rating of Number 3 or higher in the compatibility procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers separate procedures for determining the cleanliness of residual fuel oil and the compatibility of a residual fuel oil with a blend stock. It is applicable to residual fuel oils with viscosities up to 50 cSt (1 cSt = 1 mm2s) at 100°C.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4740 − 04 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Cleanliness and Compatibility of Residual Fuels by Spot
Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4740; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers separate procedures for deter- 3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mining the cleanliness of residual fuel oil and the compatibility 3.1.1 blend stock, n—a finished residual fuel oil or fuel oil
of a residual fuel oil with a blend stock. It is applicable to component, including petroleum streams ranging from kero-
residual fuel oils with viscosities up to 50 cSt (1 cSt = 1 mm s) sine to residuals and asphalt.
at 100°C.
3.1.2 cleanliness, n— of residual fuel, the absence of sus-
pended solids in a finished sample.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.3 compatibility, n—of residual fuel, the absence of
standard.
suspended solids when equal volumes of a sample and a blend
stock are mixed together.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Cleanliness Procedure—A drop of the preheated and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
thoroughly mixed sample is put on a test paper and placed in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
an oven at 100°C.After 1 h, the test paper is removed from the
2. Referenced Documents oven and the resultant spot is examined for evidence of
2 suspended solids and rated for cleanliness using the D4740
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Adjunct Reference Spot Sheet.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
4.2 Compatibility Procedure—A blend composed of equal
Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and volumes of the sample fuel oil and the blend stock is tested in
the same way as described in 4.1 and rated for compatibility
Petroleum Products
against D4740 Adjunct Reference Spot Sheet.
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
Reference Spot Sheet
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The two procedures in this test method are used alone or
in combination to identify fuels or blends that could result in
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
excessive centrifuge loading, strainer plugging, tank sludge
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
formation, or similar operating problems.
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2014.PublishedJuly2014.Originallyapproved
in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4740 – 04 (2009). DOI:
5.2 A spot rating of Number 3 or higher on a finished fuel
10.1520/D4740-04R14.
oil by the cleanliness procedure indicates that the fuel contains
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
excessive suspended solids and is likely to cause operating
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on problems.
the ASTM website.
5.3 Although a fuel may test clean when subjected to the
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
ADJD4740. Original adjunct produced in 2000. cleanliness procedure, suspended solids may precipitate when
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4740 − 04 (2014)
the fuel is mixed with a blend stock. Evidence of such 6.7 Temperature Measuring Device, capable of accurately
incompatibility is indicated by a spot rating of Number 3 or measuringthetemperaturewithinthetolerancesrequiredin6.3
higher in the compatibility procedure. and 6.6, such as ASTM 1C thermometer, or liquid-in-glass
thermometers, thermocouples, or platinum-resistance ther-
6. Apparatus
mometers that provide equivalent or better accuracy and
precision may be used.
6.1 Test Paper—Chromatographic or filter paper cut or
divided into appropriately sized squares, strips, or circles.
7. Sampling
Whatman #2 Qualitative filter paper has been found to be
suitable and was used in the interlaboratory round robin study. 7.1 Samples for this test can come from tanks, lines, drums,
In case of dispute, use Whatman #2 Qualitative filter paper.
or small containers. Use the applicable apparatus and tech-
Store the paper, without folding, rolling, or bending, in a
niques described in Practices D4057 or D4177.
tightly closed container.
8. Cleanliness Procedure
6.2 Test Paper Support—Fig. 1 shows a suitable support for
8.1 Heat the sample in the original container in the heating
multiple samples spotted on the same test paper, which shall be
bath or on a hot plate to above 90° to ensure the sample is in
supported in a horizontal position so nothing touches test areas
a fluid state.
of the paper.
8.2 Mix thoroughly.
6.3 Oven—Any convection oven capable of maintaining an
air temperature of 100 6 2°C.
NOTE 1—Mechanical shaking or mechanical mixing is recommended.
6.4 Reference Spot Sheet—Adjunct for D4740.
8.3 Pour approximately 50 mLof the sample into a 100-mL
conical flask and place the flask in the heating bath or on a hot
6.5 Conical Flask, 100-mL capacity.
plate.
6.6 Heating Bath or Hot Plate, capable of heating sample to
8.4 Heat the sample uniformly by stirring and maintain th
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4740 − 04 (Reapproved 2009) D4740 − 04 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Cleanliness and Compatibility of Residual Fuels by Spot
Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4740; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers separate procedures for determining the cleanliness of residual fuel oil and the compatibility of a
residual fuel oil with a blend stock. It is applicable to residual fuel oils with viscosities up to 50 cSt (1 cSt = 1 mm s) at 100°C.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
Reference Spot Sheet
3. Terminology
3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 blend stock, n—a finished residual fuel oil or fuel oil component, including petroleum streams ranging from kerosine to
residuals and asphalt.
3.1.2 cleanliness, n— of residual fuel, the absence of suspended solids in a finished sample.
3.1.3 compatibility, n—of residual fuel, the absence of suspended solids when equal volumes of a sample and a blend stock are
mixed together.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Cleanliness Procedure—A drop of the preheated and thoroughly mixed sample is put on a test paper and placed in an oven
at 100°C. After 1 h, the test paper is removed from the oven and the resultant spot is examined for evidence of suspended solids
and rated for cleanliness using the D4740 Adjunct Reference Spots.Spot Sheet.
4.2 Compatibility Procedure—A blend composed of equal volumes of the sample fuel oil and the blend stock is tested in the
same way as described in 4.1 and rated for compatibility against D4740 Adjunct Reference Spots.Spot Sheet.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The two procedures in this test method are used alone or in combination to identify fuels or blends that could result in
excessive centrifuge loading, strainer plugging, tank sludge formation, or similar operating problems.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009May 1, 2014. Published August 2009July 2014. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
D4740D4740 – 04 (2009).–04. DOI: 10.1520/D4740-04R09.10.1520/D4740-04R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD4740. Original adjunct produced in 2000.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4740 − 04 (2014)
5.2 A spot rating of Number 3 or higher on a finished fuel oil by the cleanliness procedure indicates that the fuel contains
excessive suspended solids and is likely to cause operating problems.
5.3 Although a fuel may test clean when subjected to the cleanliness procedure, suspended solids may precipitate when the fuel
is mixed with a blend stock. Evidence of such incompatibility is indicated by a spot rating of Number 3 or higher in the
compatibility procedure.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Test Paper—Chromatographic or filter paper cut or divided into appropriately sized squares, strips, or circles. Whatman #2
Qualitative filter paper has been found to be suitable and was used in the interlaboratory round robin study. In case of dispute,
use Whatman #2 Qualitative filter paper. Store the paper, without folding, rolling, or bending, in a tightly closed container.
6.2 Test Paper Support—Fig. 1 shows a suitable support for multiple samples spotted on the same test paper, which shall be
supported in a horizontal position so nothing touches test areas of the paper.
6.3 Oven—Any convection oven capable of maintaining an air temperature of 100 6 2°C.
6.4 Reference Spot Sheet—Adjunct for D4740.
6.5 Conical Flask, 100-mL capacity.
6.6 Heating Bath or Hot Plate, capable of heating sample to a temperature between 90 and 95°C.
6.7 Temperature Measuring Device, capable of accurately measuring the temperature within the tolerances required in 6.3 and
6.6, such as ASTM 1C thermometer, or liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermocouples, or platinum-resistance thermometers that
provide equivalent or better accuracy and precision may be used.
7. Sampling
7.1 Samples for this test can come from tanks, lines, drums, or small containers. Use the applicable apparatus and techniques
described in Practices D4057 or D4177.
The sole source of supply of Whatman paper No. 2 known to the committee at this time is Whatman, Inc., 9 Bridewell Place, Clifton, NJ 07014. If you are aware of
alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.
...
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