ASTM E832-81(2013)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
Standard Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
ABSTRACT
This specification provides complete evaluation procedures for two types of laboratory filter papers used in chemical analysis. The filter papers covered in this specification are grouped into two types according to which type of analysis each is used for, and seven classes according to flow rate and the type of precipitate it filters. The products should be made of materials and manufactured by methods which will ensure that each product would conform to the required values of ash content, wet bursting strength, maximum water flow rate, and precipitate retention.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two types of filter paper for use in chemical analysis and provides procedures for the complete evaluation of the filter papers.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E832 −81 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Specification for
Laboratory Filter Papers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E832; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1.5 Class D, hardened to facilitate scraping, for fine
precipitates, slow flow rate.
1.1 Thisspecificationcoverstwotypesoffilterpaperforuse
3.1.2 Type II—to be used for quantitative analysis (ashless
in chemical analysis and provides procedures for the complete
papers):
evaluation of the filter papers.
3.1.2.1 Class E, for coarse and gelatinous precipitates, fast
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
flow rate.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.2.2 Class F, for medium-size precipitates, medium flow
standard.
rate.
3.1.2.3 Class G, for fine precipitates, slow flow rate.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Manufacture
D774/D774M Test Method for Bursting Strength of Paper
(Withdrawn 2010) 4.1 The papers shall be made from such materials and by
suchmethodsastoensurecompliancewiththerequirementsof
2.2 TAPPI Standards:
Section 10, and shall be clean and free of imperfections that
T 413 Ash in Paper
would affect their performance.
T 429 Alpha-Cellulose in Paper
T 509 HydrogenIonConcentration(pH)ofPaperExtracts—
4.2 The papers shall be converted into circles, sheets, or any
Cold Extraction Method
required sizes.
3. Types and Classes
5. General Requirements
3.1 The types and classes of filter paper are as follows:
5.1 All classes of filter paper shall comply with the require-
3.1.1 Type I—To be used for qualitative analysis (low ash
ments given in Table 1 and Table 2 and Section 11.
content):
3.1.1.1 Class AA, for very coarse and gelatinous
5.2 The ash content of the Type II circles shall not exceed
precipitates, very fast flow rate. 0.01 %.
3.1.1.2 Class A, for coarse and gelatinous precipitates, fast
5.3 Class D filter papers shall have a surface hard enough to
flow rate.
permit scraping collected precipitates off the sheet.
3.1.1.3 Class B, for medium-size precipitates, medium flow
rate.
6. Sampling
3.1.1.4 Class C, for fine precipitates, slow flow rate.
6.1 If testing is required, the sample of each class shall be
representative of the shipment, and specimens shall be taken at
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commmittee E41 on
random from at least 3 % of the total packages.
Laboratory Apparatus and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E41.01 on
Apparatus.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originally 7. Retests
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E832 – 81 (2008).
7.1 If the results of the tests indicate noncompliance with
DOI: 10.1520/E0832-81R13.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the requirements of Table 1 and Table 2, or other factors
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
described within this specification, take another representative
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
sample of the shipment, selecting the specimens from different
the ASTM website.
packages than those from which the first sample was taken.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org.
7.2 Then test the second sample for compliance with this
Available from TechnicalAssociation of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI),
15 Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA 30092, http://www.tappi.org. specification.
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E832−81 (2013)
TABLE 1 General Requirements
10.1.1.3 Test specimens, having a mass of at least 6 g,
Property Requirement representative of the sample obtained as prescribed in Section
alphacellulose content, min,% 95
6, and cut in the shape of whole circles of the same diameter or
pH value 5.0 to 8.0
small strips measured for area.
10.1.2 Procedure:
10.1.2.1 Heat the crucibles with their respective covers to
TABLE 2 Wet Bursting Strength
approximately 925°C. Cool in a desiccator and weigh to the
Water Flow Rate and Retention of Precipitates
nearest 0.1 mg. Add the specimen into crucible.
Maximum
Wet Bursting Retention of Pre-
Class
10.1.2.2 Heatthecoveredcrucibleplustestspecimengradu-
Water Flow
Stength min, cipitates—Filtrate
Rate,
ally until smoking ceases, remove cover, then continue heating
aug points Clear from:
aug, s
until the maximum temperature of 925°C is reached and
AA 3.0 10 ferric hydroxide
maintain for 2 h. Replace the cover and cool the covered
A 3.0 20 ferric hydroxide
crucible in a desiccator until temperature equilibrium with the
B 3.5 40 lead sulfate
C 4.0 150 barium sulfate
surrounding air is reached. Weigh the crucible and contents to
D 45.0 300 barium sulfate
the nearest 0.1 mg. Ignition is considered to be complete when
E 3.0 20 ferric hydroxide
the weight of the covered crucible and ash does not change by
F 3.5 40 lead sulfate
G 4.0 150 barium sulfate
more than 0.2 mg after reheating at 925°C for 30 min.
10.1.2.3 Blank—Carry a tare crucible with cover through all
operations in exactly the same manner as the crucibles con-
7.3 If the results of the retests indicate noncompliance with
taining specimens, as a check on possible loss of mass of the
this specification, immediately consult the manufacturer for
crucibles themselves.
assistance in rectifying the problem.
10.1.2.4 Test at least two specimens per sample.
10.1.3 Calculation and Report—Calculate and report the
8. Packaging and Marking
ash,correctedfortheresultsoftheblanktest,totwosignificant
8.1 Flat circles of filter paper shall be packaged in units of
figures. Determine the weight percentage of the paper dried at
100 circles of the same diameter. Prefolded or fluted circles
105°C.
shall be packaged according to trade custom.
10.1.4 Precision—Duplicate determinations shall agree as
8.2 Each unit or package shall be marked with the manu-
follows:
facturer’s name, size of circles, or catalog and lot number.
Rounded to Reproducibility,%
Ash,% Nearest
9. Test Methods
0.025 0.001 0.003
0.025 to 0.01 0.005 0.01
9.1 The most important tests to be performed are:
0.1 0.01 0.02
9.1.1 pH Value—Determine in accordance with TAPPI
10.2 Retention of Precipitates:
Method T 509.
10.2.1 Apparatus:
9.1.2 Alpha-Cellulose—Determine in accordance with
10.2.1.1 Glass Funnels, 60°, having stems about 6 in. long.
TAPPI Method T 429. This test may or may not be used for lot
10.2.2 Reagents:
to lot determination.
10.2.2.1 Alcohol (95 %)—Ethanol or formula No. 30.
9.1.3 Ash Content—Determine in accordance with Section
10.2.2.2 Ammonium Hydroxide—Add one part, by volume,
10.1 or TAPPI Method T 413, applicable for Type II papers.
of cp ammonium hydroxide (NH OH) to one part by volume
9.1.4 Retention of precipitates, simple method to determine
of distilled water.
retention ability of filter paper as determined in accordance
10.2.2.3 Barium Chloride Solution (50 g/L)—Dissolve 58.5
with 10.2.
g of cp barium chloride (BaCl ·2H O) in distilled water and
9.1.5 Water Flow Rate—Determine the flow rates of filter 2 2
dilute to 1 L.
pap
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