ASTM C1492-03(2009)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Concrete Roof Tile
Standard Specification for Concrete Roof Tile
ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the standards for concrete tiles intended for use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design. The tiles are manufacture from cement, water, and mineral aggregates and shaped during manufacturing by molding, pressing, or extrustion. The tiles may or may not contain inclusion of other materials. The tiles shall also be tested for the following requirements: dimensional tolerance, freeze thaw, transverse strength, permeability, and water absorption.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers concrete tiles intended for the use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design.
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from portland cement, water, and mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials.
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacturing by molding, pressing, or extrusion. The shaping method can be used to describe the tile.
1.4 Other constituents, such as chemical and mineral admixtures established as suitable for use in concrete, shall conform to ASTM standard specifications where applicable, or shall be shown by tests or experience not to be detrimental to the durability of concrete.
1.5 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional areas profiles, shapes, sizes, surface textures, and colors.
Note 1—Concrete roof tiles covered by this specification are made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both.
Note 2—When particular features are desired, such as color, surface texture for appearance, or other special features, such properties should be specified by the purchaser. However. the local sellers should be consulted as to the availability of concrete roof tile having a desired feature.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1492 −03 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Specification for
Concrete Roof Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1492; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C67Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
Structural Clay Tile
1.1 This specification covers concrete tiles intended for the
C90Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Units
use as roof covering where durability and appearance are
C140Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete
required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified
Masonry Units and Related Units
design.
C150Specification for Portland Cement
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from portland cement, water,
C260Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-
and mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other
crete
materials.
C331SpecificationforLightweightAggregatesforConcrete
Masonry Units
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacturing by molding,
pressing, or extrusion. The shaping method can be used to C494/C494MSpecification for Chemical Admixtures for
Concrete
describe the tile.
C595Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
1.4 Otherconstituents,suchaschemicalandmineraladmix-
C618Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
tures established as suitable for use in concrete, shall conform
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
toASTM standard specifications where applicable, or shall be
C979SpecificationforPigmentsforIntegrallyColoredCon-
shown by tests or experience not to be detrimental to the
crete
durability of concrete.
C989SpecificationforSlagCementforUseinConcreteand
1.5 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular
Mortars
shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional areas profiles,
C1157Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
shapes, sizes, surface textures, and colors.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—Concrete roof tiles covered by this specification are made
from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both.
3.1 Definitions—Thefollowingtermsareusedinconnection
NOTE 2—When particular features are desired, such as color, surface
with concrete roof tiles:
textureforappearance,orotherspecialfeatures,suchpropertiesshouldbe
specified by the purchaser. However. the local sellers should be consulted
3.2 batten lugs—protrusions on the underside of the tile
as to the availability of concrete roof tile having a desired feature.
designed to engage over the upper edge of tiling battens.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.3 head lap—distance of overlap measured from the up-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
permost course to the point that it laps over the undermost
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
course.
and are not considered standard.
3.4 high profile tile—tile with a rise to width ratio greater
2. Referenced Documents
than 1:5.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.5 interlocking tile—tiles with a system of ribs or grooves
C33Specification for Concrete Aggregates
enabling the lateral joining of adjacent tiles in the same
horizontal row, with the overlapping lock covering the under-
lapping lock.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3.6 length—maximum overall dimension of the tile mea-
C15.06 on Roofing Tile.
sured parallel to the water course.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2009. Published July 2003. Originally
published in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C1492–01. DOI:
3.7 low profile tile—tile with a rise equal to or less than ⁄2
10.1520/C1492-03R09.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or in.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.8 medium profile tile—tile with a rise greater than ⁄2 in.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. and a rise-to-width ratio of less than or equal to 1:5.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1492−03 (2009)
3.9 nail hole—small opening passing partially or totally 6. Standard Methods of Sampling Concrete Tile
through the tile to allow the penetration of a nail or screw for
6.1 Tile sampling shall be appropriate for one of the
the purpose of fastening the tile to a support.
following three purposes:
3.10 non-interlocking tile—tiles that butt at the sides with-
6.1.1 Resolution of quality disputes.
out lapping adjacent tiles.
6.1.2 Third party certification.
6.1.3 Production or job shipment verification.
3.11 nose lugs—protrusion on the underside of the nose of
eachtile,contouredtofitintothemainwatercoursesofthetile
6.2 Tilesamplingforthepurposelistedin6.1shallbetaken
immediately below, inhibiting the entry of wind-driven rain.
according to Table 1. To be rated as in compliance with this
standard, the indicated number of tile sampled in accordance
3.12 profile—contour of the top surface of the tile when
with Table 1 must pass the specified test.
viewed from the nose end.
6.2.1 In the event of a failure in any of the specified tests
3.13 rise—verticaldistancefromtheundersideofthebatten
indicated in Table 1, a second set of specimens shall be taken
lug to the highest point of the surface profile.
and tested in accordance with the criteria listed in Table 2.
3.14 side lap—continuous longitudinal overlap of a tile on
6.2.2 Provided that the number of failures in the re-test
its neighbor.
sample are less than the maximum allowed in Table 2, the lot
3.15 thickness—any vertical measurement of the cross sec-
shall be rated as being in compliance with this specification.
tion of the tiles excluding the lapping area, nose lugs, and
6.3 Sampling Procedure—Buyer and seller shall agree on
weather checks.
the method of sampling prior to shipment. The random
3.16 weather checks—protrusionsbelowthetiledesignedto
sampling method shall be used.
restrict the flow of water between two consecutive courses of
tiles. 7. Standard Methods of Testing Concrete Roof Tiles
3.17 width—maximum overall dimension of the tile mea-
7.1 The following tests are required on concrete roof tiles:
sured perpendicular to the length or water channel
7.1.1 Dimensional Tolerances.
7.1.2 Freeze Thaw (see 7.3.1).
3.18 water course—valley portion of a profiled tile along
7.1.3 Transverse Strength.
which water drains.
7.1.4 Permeability.
7.1.5 Water Absorption.
4. Classification
7.2 Testing for Dimensional Tolerances and Weight:
4.1 Concreterooftilesmanufacturedinaccordancewiththis
7.2.1 Dimensions—Thetotalvariationindimensionsoftiles
specification are of the following types:
(length,width,andheight),whenmeasuredinaccordancewith
4.1.1 Type I—High Profile Tile.
Test Methods C140, shall not be more than 65% from the
4.1.2 Type II—Medium Profile Tile.
manufacturer’s designated dimensions.
4.1.3 Type III—Low Profile Tile.
7.2.2 Weight—The total variation in weight of tiles, when
4.1.4 Type IV—Accessory Tile, shall include those tile such
measured in accordance with Test Methods C140 and Table 1
as ridge, rake, hip, and valley tile used in conjunction with
of this specification, shall not be more than 65% from the
those tile listed in 4.1.1 – 4.1.3.
nominal weight specified by the supplier.
5. Materials and Manufacture
7.3 Freezing and Thawing—Tiles shall be subjected to 50
cycles of freezing and thawing of Test Methods C67 as
5.1 Cementitious materials shall conform to the following
modified in 7.3.4.
applicable ASTM specifications.
7.3.1 A lot shall be rated as passing without repeating a
5.1.1 Portland Cement—Specification C150.
freezing and thawing test provided that a previous lot made by
5.1.2 Modified Portland Cement—Specification C90.
the supplier from similar materials, by the same production
5.1.3 Blended Cement—Specification C595.
plant, and within the previous 12 months, passed the test, and
5.1.4 Pozzolans—Specification C618.
provided also that a sample of five tiles selected from the lot
5.1.5 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag—
Specification C989.
5.1.6 Performance Specification C1157.
TABLE 1 Physical Testing Criteria
5.2 Aggregates such as normal weight and lightweight shall
NOTE 1—Number of tile to be sampled and tested for determining
conform to the following ASTM specifications, except that
compliance with this specification (see 6.2).
grading requirements do not apply.
Job – Production Verification
5.2.1 Normal Weight Aggregates—Specification C33.
Quality Third
Up to Over
Test Dispute Party
5.2.2 Lightweight Aggregates—Specification C331.
250 000 Tile 250 000 Tile
Resolution Certification
5.3 Admixtures—shall conform to the following applicable
Dimensional 5 5 5 5
specifications.
Transverse 3 5 3 5
Permeability 3 3 3 5
5.3.1 Air-Entrained Admixtures—Specification C260.
Water Absorption 3 3 3 5
5.3.2 Pigments—Specification C979.
Freeze Thaw 5 5 Annual Test Annual Test
5.3.3 Other Admixtures—Specification C494/C494M.
C1492−03 (2009)
TABLE 2 Retest Criteria
7.3.4.3 The tile shall be completely submerged in water
when the trays are placed in the freezing chamber.
NOTE 1—Retest criteria of the specific test that failed (see 6.2.1).
7.3.4.4 Tile shall be tested individually or shall be stacked
NOTE 2—If 250 000 tiles were in the lot, then 32 specimens would be
ontopofeachotherinthetray,providedthatspacersofatleast
taken for the retest of the specific test that failed. If 3 or less of the 32
⁄4 in. (6 mm) thick are used between adjacent tile and that the
specimens failed, the lot would be rated as passing; however, if 4 or more
of the 32 specimens failed, the lot would have failed the specific test. total stack is completely submerged.
Maximum Number of
Number of Tile Number of
NOTE 3—Alarge capacity freezer is generally necessary to accomplish
Failures Allowed
in the Lot Specimens
freezing in the manner specified inTest Methods C67 for trays containing
for Acceptance
morethanonetile.Itispermittedtousecustomtraystoenclosethetile(s)
Less than 151 3 0
and minimize the volume of water required to completely submerge the
151–3200 13 1
tile(s).
3200–35 000 20 2
35 001–500 000 32 3
7.3.5 Tile is considered to have passed the freezing and
Over 500 000 50 5
thawing test if, at the completion of 50 cycles, all specimens
remain unbroken and no individual specimen loses more than
1% of original dry weight.
hasanaverageandindividualminimumtransversestrengthnot
7.4 Transverse Strength:
less than the previously tested sample and has average and
7.4.1 Apparatus—The transverse breaking strength of tiles
individualmaximumwaterabsorptionnotgreaterthanthoseof
shall be determined as described in the Modulus of Rupture
the previously tested sample.
(FlexuralTest)inTestMethodsC67exceptasmodifiedin7.4.2
7.3.2 Only tile passing freeze-thaw testing shall be installed
– 7.4.9.
inareassubjectedtoweatheringindicesof50orgreaterandlot
7.4.2 Five tiles shall be tested wet after a 24-h submersion
tags or certification that the lot of tile has passed the freeze-
inwateratatemperatureof75 610°F(24 66°C)orfivetiles
thaw testing accompanies the lot. See Fig. 1 for weathering
shall be tested dry after heating in a ventilated oven for 24 h at
indices map.
a temperature of 230 to 239°F (100 to 115°C).
7.3.3 Tile not tested for freeze-thaw shall state clearly that
7.4.3 Tiles shall be considered to comply with this specifi-
thelothasnotbeentestedforfreeze-thawacceptanceonalllot
cation if they comply with either the wet or dry transverse
tags or certification.
strength required. The choice of method, wet or dry, shall be
7.3.4 Modify Test Methods C67 procedure for freezing and
mutually agreed upon between specifier and supplier.
thawing as follows:
7.3.4.1 The test specimens shall consist of five whole tile. 7.4.4 Thespanforthetestshallbe12in.(30.5cm) 65%or
7.3.4.2 The freezing trays and containers shall be of suffi- ⁄3 the length of the tile, whichever is greater. The span is
cient size and depth to allow the tiles to be completely measured between the centers of the lower support members
submerged in water when placed horizontally. (see Fig. 2).
FIG. 1Weathering Indices in the United States
C1492−03 (2009)
FIG. 2Schematic of Assembly for Flexure Strength Testing
7.4.4.1 It is permitted to use a shorter span than required by shall be placed between the faces of the support and loading
7.4.4 when the length of the tile to be tested, or the installed members and the surface of the tile.
unsupported span of the tile, is not sufficient to allow a 12 in.
NOTE 4—The intent of the defined loading system is (1) to apply the
(30.5 cm) span to be used. In that case a shorter span, not less
bending force with a loading member that pushes against as much of the
than ⁄3ofthelengthofthetile,orthetotallengthofthelongest
profiled surface of the tile as practical, (2) to support the tile on members
unsupported span as installed, whichever is less, shall be used.
that support as much of the profiled surface of the tile as is practical, and
7.4.5 The tile shall be tested in a three-point bending mode (3)toensurethatthecontactareaofboththeloadingandsupportmembers
is equally distributed on either side of the tile’s centerline in the long
in a horizontal plane with the bottom surface of the tile resting
direction to avoid nonsymmetrical loading.
ontwolowersupportmembersandwiththeloadbeingapplied
For tile with complex profiles and cross sections but with flat bearing
to the upper (exposed) surface of the tile by a third member
surfaces that are at least 50% of the width of the tile and that are also
moving in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the tile and
equally distributed on either side of the length centerline, use flat support
atmid-span(thatis,equidistantfromeachofthelowersupport and loading members to perform this test, provided that they otherwise
comply with the requirements of 7.4.4.1 – 7.4.5.1. When sufficient flat
members). A schematic of the assembly for testing a typical
bearing surfaces do not exist, use wood blocks of appropriate thickness
“S” tile is shown in Fig. 2.
and profile and 1 in. (25 mm) wide to provide a surface that will permit
7.4.5.1 The two support members and the loading member
load application using a flat loading member that otherwise meets the
shall each be of metal or hardwood with 1 in. (25 mm) 65%
requirements of 7.4.4.1 – 7.4.5.1, and causes the load to be applied to at
least 50% of the width of the tile an
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1492–01 Designation: C 1492 – 03 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Specification for
Concrete Roof Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1492; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers concrete tiles intended for the use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required
to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design.
1.2 Tilesaremanufacturedfromportlandcement,water,andmineralaggregateswithorwithouttheinclusionofothermaterials.
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacturing by molding, pressing, or extrusion. The shaping method can be used to describe the
tile.
1.4 Other constituents, such as chemical and mineral admixtures established as suitable for use in concrete, shall conform to
ASTM standard specifications where applicable, or shall be shown by tests or experience not to be detrimental to the durability
of concrete.
1.5 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional areas profiles, shapes,
sizes, surface textures, and colors.
NOTE 1—Concrete roof tiles covered by this specification are made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both.
NOTE 2—When particular features are desired, such as color, surface texture for appearance, or other special features, such properties should be
specified by the purchaser. However. the local sellers should be consulted as to the availability of concrete roof tile having a desired feature.
1.6The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
C90 Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Units
C 140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
C 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C 331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units
C 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Concrete
C 979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete
C 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The following terms are used in connection with concrete roof tiles:
3.2 batten lugs—protrusions on the underside of the tile designed to engage over the upper edge of tiling battens.
3.3 head lap—distance of overlap measured from the uppermost course to the point that it laps over the undermost course.
3.4 high profile tile—tile with a rise to width ratio greater than 1:5.
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC15onManufacturedMasonryUnitsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC15.06onRoofing
Tile.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2001. Published March 2001.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2009. Published July 2003. Originally published in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C 1492–01.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.02.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 1492 – 03 (2009)
3.5 interlocking tile—tiles with a system of ribs or grooves enabling the lateral joining of adjacent tiles in the same horizontal
row, with the overlapping lock covering the underlapping lock.
3.6 length—maximum overall dimension of the tile measured parallel to the water course.
3.7 low profile tile—tile with a rise equal to or less than ⁄2 in.
3.8 medium profile tile—tile with a rise greater than ⁄2 in. and a rise-to-width ratio of less than or equal to 1:5.
3.9 nail hole—small opening passing partially or totally through the tile to allow the penetration of a nail or screw for the
purpose of fastening the tile to a support.
3.10 non-interlocking tile—tiles that butt at the sides without lapping adjacent tiles.
3.11 nose lugs—protrusion on the underside of the nose of each tile, contoured to fit into the main water courses of the tile
immediately below, inhibiting the entry of wind-driven rain.
3.12 profile—contour of the top surface of the tile when viewed from the nose end.
3.13 rise—vertical distance from the underside of the batten lug to the highest point of the surface profile.
3.14 side lap—continuous longitudinal overlap of a tile on its neighbor.
3.15 thickness—any vertical measurement of the cross section of the tiles excluding the lapping area, nose lugs, and weather
checks.
3.16 weather checks—protrusions below the tile designed to restrict the flow of water between two consecutive courses of tiles.
3.17 width—maximum overall dimension of the tile measured perpendicular to the length or water channel
3.18 water course—valley portion of a profiled tile along which water drains.
4. Classification
4.1 Concrete roof tiles manufactured in accordance with this specification are of the following types:
4.1.1 Type I—High Profile Tile.
4.1.2 Type II—Medium Profile Tile.
4.1.3 Type III—Low Profile Tile.
4.1.4 Type IV—Accessory Tile, shall include those tile such as ridge, rake, hip, and valley tile used in conjunction with those
tile listed in 4.1.1-4.1.3.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Cementitious materials shall conform to the following applicable ASTM specifications.
5.1.1 Portland Cement—Specification C 150.
5.1.2 Modified Portland Cement—Specification C 90.
5.1.3 Blended Cement—Specification C 595.
5.1.4 Pozzolans—Specification C 618.
5.1.5 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag—Specification C 989.
5.1.6 Performance Specification C 1157.
5.2 Aggregates such as normal weight and lightweight shall conform to the followingASTM specifications, except that grading
requirements do not apply.
5.2.1 Normal Weight Aggregates—Specification C 33.
5.2.2 Lightweight Aggregates—Specification C 331.
5.3 Admixtures—shall conform to the following applicable specifications.
5.3.1 Air-Entrained Admixtures—Specification C 260.
5.3.2 Pigments—Specification C 979.
5.3.3 Other Admixtures—Specification C494/C494M. —Specification C 494/C 494M.
6. Standard Methods of Sampling Concrete Tile
6.1 Tile sampling shall be appropriate for one of the following three purposes:
6.1.1 Resolution of quality disputes.
6.1.2 Third party certification.
6.1.3 Production or job shipment verification.
6.2 Tile sampling for the purpose listed in 6.1 shall be taken according to Table 1. To be rated as in compliance with this
standard, the indicated number of tile sampled in accordance with Table 1 must pass the specified test.
6.2.1 In the event of a failure in any of the specified tests indicated in Table 1, a second set of specimens shall be taken and
tested in accordance with the criteria listed in Table 2.
6.2.2 Provided that the number of failures in the re-test sample are less than the maximum allowed in Table 2, the lot shall be
rated as being in compliance with this specification.
6.3 Sampling Procedure—Buyer and seller shall agree on the method of sampling prior to shipment. The random sampling
method shall be used.
7. Standard Methods of Testing Concrete Roof Tiles
7.1 The following tests are required on concrete roof tiles:
C 1492 – 03 (2009)
TABLE 1 Physical Testing Criteria
NOTE—Number of tile to be sampled and tested for determining
compliance with this specification (see 6.2).
Job – Production Verification
Quality Third
Up to Over
Test Dispute Party
250 000 Tile 250 000 Tile
Resolution Certification
Dimensional 5 5 5 5
Transverse 3 5 3 5
Permeability 3 3 3 5
Water Absorption 3 3 3 5
Freeze Thaw 5 5 Annual Test Annual Test
TABLE 2 Retest Criteria
NOTE 1—Retest criteria of the specific test that failed (see 6.2.1).
NOTE 2—If 250 000 tiles were in the lot, then 32 specimens would be
taken for the retest of the specific test that failed. If 3 or less of the 32
specimens failed, the lot would be rated as passing; however, if 4 or more
of the 32 specimens failed, the lot would have failed the specific test.
Maximum Number of
Number of Tile Number of
Failures Allowed
in the Lot Specimens
for Acceptance
Less than 151 3 0
151–3200 13 1
3200–35 000 20 2
35 001–500 000 32 3
Over 500 000 50 5
7.1.1 Dimensional Tolerances.
7.1.2 Freeze Thaw (see 7.3.1).
7.1.3 Transverse Strength.
7.1.4 Permeability.
7.1.5 Water Absorption.
7.2 Testing for Dimensional Tolerances and Weight:
7.2.1 Dimensions—The total variation in dimensions of tiles (length, width, and height), when measured in accordance with
Test Methods C 140, shall not be more than 65 % from the manufacturer’s designated dimensions.
7.2.2 Weight—The total variation in weight of tiles, when measured in accordance with Test Methods C 140 and Table 1 of this
specification, shall not be more than 65 % from the nominal weight specified by the supplier.
7.3 Freezing and Thawing—Tiles shall be subjected to 50 cycles of freezing and thawing of Test Methods C 67 as modified in
7.3.4.
7.3.1 A lot shall be rated as passing without repeating a freezing and thawing test provided that a previous lot made by the
supplier from similar materials, by the same production plant, and within the previous 12 months, passed the test, and provided
also that a sample of five tiles selected from the lot has an average and individual minimum transverse strength not less than the
previously tested sample and has average and individual maximum water absorption not greater than those of the previously tested
sample.
7.3.2 Only tile passing freeze-thaw testing shall be installed in areas subjected to weathering indices of 50 or greater and lot
tags or certification that the lot of tile has passed the freeze-thaw testing accompanies the lot. See Fig. 1 for weathering indices
map.
7.3.3 Tile not tested for freeze-thaw shall state clearly that the lot has not been tested for freeze-thaw acceptance on all lot tags
or certification.
7.3.4 Modify Test Methods C 67 procedure for freezing and thawing as follows:
7.3.4.1 The test specimens shall consist of five whole tile.
7.3.4.2 The freezing trays and containers shall be of sufficient size and depth to allow the tiles to be completely submerged in
water when placed horizontally.
7.3.4.3 The tile shall be completely submerged in water when the trays are placed in the freezing chamber.
7.3.4.4 Tile shall be tested individually or shall be stacked on top of each other in the tray, provided that spacers of at least ⁄4
in. (6 mm) thick are used between adjacent tile and that the total stack is completely submerged.
NOTE 3—Alarge capacity freezer is generally necessary to accomplish freezing in the manner specified inTest Methods C 67 for trays containing more
than one tile. It is permitted to use custom trays to enclose the tile(s) and minimize the volume of water required to completely submerge the tile(s).
C 1492 – 03 (2009)
FIG. 1 Weathering Indices in the United States
7.3.5 Tile is considered to have passed the freezing and thawing test if, at the completion of 50 cycles, all specimens remain
unbroken and no individual specimen loses more than 1 % of original dry weight.
7.4 Transverse Strength:
7.4.1 Apparatus—The transverse breaking strength of tiles shall be determined as described in the Modulus of Rupture
(Flexural Test) in Test Methods C 67 except as modified in 7.4.2-7.4.9.
7.4.2 Five tiles shall be tested wet after a 24-h submersion in water at a temperature of 75 6 10°F (24 6 6°C) or five tiles shall
be tested dry after heating in a ventilated oven for 24 h at a temperature of 230 to 239°F (100 to 115°C).
7.4.3 Tiles shall be considered to comply with this specification if they comply with either the wet or dry transverse strength
required. The choice of method, wet or dry, shall be mutually agreed upon between specifier and supplier.
7.4.4 The span for the test shall be 12 in. (30.5 cm) 65%or ⁄3 the length of the tile, whichever is greater.The span is measured
between the centers of the lower support members (see Fig. 2).
7.4.4.1 It is permitted to use a shorter span than required by 7.4.4 when the length of the tile to be tested, or the installed
unsupported span of the tile, is not sufficient to allow a 12 in. (30.5 cm) span to be used. In that case a shorter span, not less than
⁄3 of the length of the tile, or the total length of the longest unsupported span as installed, whichever is less, shall be used.
7.4.5 The tile shall be tested in a three-point bending mode in a horizontal plane with the bottom surface of the tile resting on
two lower support members and with the load being applied to the upper (exposed) surface of the tile by a third member moving
in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the tile and at mid-span (that is, equidistant from each of the lower support members).
A schematic of the assembly for testing a typical “S” tile is shown in Fig. 2.
7.4.5.1 The two support members and the loading member shall each be of metal or hardwood with 1 in. (25 mm) 65 % wide
faces.The faces shall be shaped (see Note 4) to closely conform to the profile of the surface of the tile upon which they bear during
the test (the profile can, therefore, be different for each member depending on the profile and cross-sectional shape of the tile).The
total height of the support members shall not be more than 1 in. (25 mm) greater than the rise of the profile. If hardwood, they
1 3
should be backed up with steel bearing plates at least ⁄2 in. (13 mm) thick. A rubber shim strip ⁄16 in. (4.8 mm) 6 10 % thick
of hardness no greater than shore durometer 30 (Ascale), and 1
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