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ASTM D7618-10

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Ethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE) for Blending with Aviation Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

Standard Specification for Ethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE) for Blending with Aviation Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for fuel grade ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE) that may be used for blending with fuels for aviation spark-ignition engines where permissible. The requirements for ETBE that may be used for blending with fuels for aviation spark-ignition engines are given. The ETBE shall be visually free of undissolved water, sediment, and suspended matter that could render the material unacceptable for the intended application.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for fuel grade ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE) that may be used for blending with fuels for aviation spark-ignition engines where permissible. Other ETBE grades available in the marketplace that do not comply with the requirements of this specification, are not suitable for blending with aviation fuels.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2010
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.J0 - Aviation Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7618-13 - Standard Specification for Ethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE) for Blending with Aviation Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Referred By
ASTM D8235-21 - Standard Specification for Ethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE) for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7796-21 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether (ETBE) by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM D8076-21b - Standard Specification for 100 Research Octane Number Test Fuel for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-May-2010

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ASTM D7618-10 - Standard Specification for Ethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE) for Blending with Aviation Spark-Ignition Engine FuelASTM D7618-10 - Standard Specification for Ethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE) for Blending with Aviation Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
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ASTM D7618-10 - Standard Specification for Ethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE) for Blending with Aviation Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7618 −10
StandardSpecification for
Ethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE) for Blending with Aviation
Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4176 Test Method for FreeWater and Particulate Contami-
nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
1.1 This specification covers requirements for fuel grade
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
ethyl tertiary-butylether(ETBE)thatmaybeusedforblending
Petroleum Products
with fuels for aviation spark-ignition engines where permis-
D5441 Test Method forAnalysis of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether
sible. Other ETBE grades available in the marketplace that do
(MTBE) by Gas Chromatography
not comply with the requirements of this specification, are not
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
suitable for blending with aviation fuels.
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Titration
standard.
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the E1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
metric Karl Fischer Titration
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 ethanol, n—chemical compound C H OH.
2 5
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.2 methanol, n—chemical compound CH OH.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.3 ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE), n—chemical com-
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
pound CH CH OC(CH ) .
3 2 3 3
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
3.1.4 tertiary-butyl alcohol (TBA), n—chemical compound
D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products
(CH ) COH.
3 3
(Saybolt Chromometer Method)
3.1.5 methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), n—chemicalcom-
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
pound CH OC(CH ) .
ration 3 3 3
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific 3.1.6 oxygenate, n—oxygen-containing ashless, organic
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
compound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used as
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method a fuel or fuel supplement.
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
4. Detailed Requirements
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
4.1 ETBE that may be used for blending with fuels for
Petroleum Products
aviation spark-ignition engines shall conform to the require-
D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
ments of Table 1.
5. Workmanship
5.1 The ETBE shall be visually free of undissolved water,
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
sediment, and suspended matter. It shall be clear and bright at
D02.J0 on Aviation Fuels.
the ambient temperature or 21°C, whichever is lower.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published July 2010. DOI: 10.1520/
D7618–10.
5.2 The specification defines only a basic purity for this
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
product. The product shall be free of any adulterant or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
contaminantthatcouldrenderthematerialunacceptableforthe
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. intended application.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7618−10
TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements
Refer to Practice D5854 for procedures on container selection
A
Property Limits ASTM Test Method and sample mixing and handling. Where practical, ETBE
B
Ethyl tertiary-butyl ether, mass %, min. 95.0 D5441 should be sampled in glass containers. If samples must be
B
Ethanol, mass %, max. 1.5 D5441
collected in metal containers, do not use soldered metal
B
Methanol, mass%, max. 0.3 D5441
B containers. This is because the soldering flux in the containers
Tertiary-butyl alcohol, mass%, max 1.5 D5441
B
Methyl tertiary-butyl ether, mass%, max. 2.0 D5441 and the lead in the solder can contaminate the samples. Plastic
C B
C -C Oxygenates, mass%, max. 1.5 D5441
2 4
containers should be avoided.
D B
C -C Hydrocarbons, mass%, max. 1.5 D5441
4 6
E B
C -C Hydrocarbons, mass%, max. 2.0 D5441
8 10
6.4 Sample Size—Aminimumofabout2Lisrecommended.
B
Unidentified hydrocarbons, mass%, max. 1.0 D5441
Water, mass %, max. 0.1 E1064 or E203
Copper strip corrosion, max. 1 D130 7. Test Methods
Appearance Clear and bright D4176
Color, Saybolt, min. + 16 D156 7.1 The scopes of some of the test methods specified below
Existent gum content, mg/100 mL, max. 5.0 D381
do not include ETBE, thus the precision of those test methods
Density at 15°C, kg/L 0.735 to 0.755 D1298 or D4052
when testing ETBE can differ from the reported precisions.
A
The test methods indicated in this table are referred to in Section 7.
B
Analysis for impurities in ETBE in accordance with Test Method D5441 require
7.2 ETBE, mass %—See AnnexA1 for modification of Test
the modifications detailed in Annex A1.
Method D5441.
C
Oxygenates, excluding alcohols, of combined concentrations of diethyl and
dimethyl ethers, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.
7.3 Ethanol, mass %—Test Method D5441.
D
Combined concentrations of isopentane, pentane, and hexane paraffins, and
isobutylene olefin.
7.4 Methanol, mass %—Test Method D5441.
E
Combined concentrations of C isobutylene dimers mainly derived from the
dimerization of C -C compounds, and iso-octane.
4 5
7.5 Water, mass %—Test Method E1064 or E203.
7.6 Copper Strip Corrosion—Test Method D130,2hat
100°C.
6. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling
6.1 The user is strongly advised to review all intended test 7.7 Appearance—Test Method D4176, Procedure 1.
methods prior to sampling in order to understand the impor-
7.8 Color, Saybolt—Test Method D156.
tance and effects of sampling technique, proper containers, and
7.9 Existent Gum Content—Test Method D381, air-jet ap-
special handling required for each test method.
paratus.
6.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtain a
7.10 Density at 15°C, kg/L—Test Method D1298 or D4052.
sample representative of the lot intended to be tested. Use of
appropriate procedures in Practice D4057 or Practice E300 for
manual method sampling and in Practice D4177 for automatic 8. Keywords
method sampling as applicable.
8.1 aviation spark-ignition engine fuel; blending; corrosion;
6.3 The correct sample volume and appropriate container ETBE; ethanol; ethyl tertiary-butyl ether; impurities; metha-
selection are important decisions that can impact test results. nol; water content
ANNEX
(Mandatory Information)
A1. MODIFICATION TO TEST METHOD D5441
A1.1 Conduct the analysis for impurities in ETBE in accor- A1.1.2.4 Acetone.
dance with Test Method D5441, with the following modifica-
A1.1.2.5 Pentane.
tions:
A1.1.2.6 Tertiary-butyl alcohol.
A1.1.2.7 Methyl tertiary-butyl ether.
A1.1.1 Substitute ETBE for MTBE in all cases where
MTBE is referred to as the product sample or as the solvent A1.1.2.8 Methyl ethyl ketone.
medium for preparing standards to be used for column A1.1.
...

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SCOPE
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1.2 See Appendix X2 for an expanded description of the procedure for the production and blending of synthetic blend components.  
1.3 This specification applies only at the point of batch origination, as follows:  
1.3.1 Aviation turbine fuel manufactured, certified, and released to all the requirements of Table 1 of this specification (D7566), meets the requirements of Specification D1655 and shall be regarded as Specification D1655 turbine fuel. Duplicate testing is not necessary; the same data may be used for both D7566 and D1655 compliance. Once the fuel is released to this specification (D7566) the unique requirements of this specification are no longer applicable: any recertification shall be done in accordance with Table 1 of Specification D1655.  
1.3.2 Any location at which blending of synthetic blending components specified in Annex A1 (FT SPK), Annex A2 (HEFA SPK), Annex A3 (SIP), Annex A4 synthesized paraffinic kerosine plus aromatics (SPK/A), Annex A5 (ATJ), Annex A6 catalytic hydrothermolysis jet (CHJ), Annex A7 (HC-HEFA SPK), or Annex A8 (ATJ-SKA) with D1655 fuel (which may on the whole or in part have originated as D7566 fuel) or with conventional blending components takes place shall be considered batch origination in which case all of the requirements of Table 1 of this specification (D7566) apply and shall be evaluated. Short form conformance test programs commonly used to ensure transportation quality are not sufficient. The fuel shall be regarded as D1655 turbine fuel after certification and release as described in 1.3.1.  
1.3.3 Once a fuel is redesignated as D1655 aviation turbine fuel, it can be handled in the same fashion as the equivalent refined D1655 aviation turbine fuel.  
1.4 This specification defines the minimum property requirements for aviation turbine fuel that contain synthesized hydrocarbons and lists acceptable additives for use in civil operated engines and aircrafts. Specification D7566 is directed at civil applications, and maintained as such, but may be adopted for military, government, or other specialized uses.  
1.5 This specification can be used as a standard in describing the quality of aviation turbine fuel from production to the aircraft. However, this specification does not define the quality assurance testing and procedures necessary to ensure that fuel in the distribution system continues to comply with this specification after batch certification. Such procedures are defined elsewhere, for example in ICAO 9977, EI/JIG Standard 1530, JIG 1, JIG 2, API 1543, API 1595, and ATA-103, and IATA Guidance Material for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Management.  
1.6 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.  
1.7 While aviation turbine fuels defined by Table 1 of this specification can be used in applications other than aviation turbine engines, requirements for such other applications have not been considered in the development of this specification.  
1.8 Synthetic blending components and blends of synthetic blending components with conventional petroleum-derived fuels in this specification have been evaluated and approved in accordance with the principles established in Practice D4054.  
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.11 This internati...

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ASTM
ASTM D8267-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Aromatic, Monoaromatic and Diaromatic Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels Using Gas Chromatography with Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy Detection (GC-VUV)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of class group composition of aviation turbine fuels is useful for evaluating quality and expected performance, as well as compliance with various industry specifications and governmental regulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a standard procedure for the determination of total aromatic, monoaromatic and diaromatic content in aviation turbine fuels using gas chromatography and vacuum ultraviolet detection (GC-VUV).  
1.2 Concentrations of compound classes and certain individual compounds are determined by percent mass or percent volume.  
1.2.1 This test method is developed for testing aviation turbine engine fuels having concentration test results ranging from 0.487 % to 27.876 % by volume total aromatic compounds, 0.49 % to 27.537 % by volume monoaromatics and 0.027 % to 2.523 % by volume diaromatics.
Note 1: Samples with a final boiling point greater than 300 °C that contain triaromatics and higher polyaromatic compounds are not determined by this test method.  
1.3 Individual hydrocarbon components are not reported by this test method, however, any individual component determinations are included in the appropriate summation of the total aromatic, monoaromatic or diaromatic groups.  
1.3.1 Individual compound peaks are typically not baseline-separated by the procedure described in this test method, that is, some components will coelute. The coelutions are resolved at the detector using VUV absorbance spectra and deconvolution algorithms.  
1.4 This test method has been tested for aviation turbine engine fuels including synthetic alternative jet fuels. This test method may apply to other hydrocarbon streams boiling between hexane (68 °C) and heneicosane (356 °C), but has not been extensively tested for such applications.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1655-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels

ABSTRACT
This specification covers purchases of aviation turbine fuel under contract and is intended primarily for use by purchasing agencies. This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for reciprocating aviation turbine engines, but rather, defines the following specific types of aviation fuel for civil use: Jet A; and Jet A-1. The fuels shall be sampled and tested appropriately to examine their conformance to detailed requirements as to composition, volatility, fluidity, combustion, corrosion, thermal stability, contaminants, and additives.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine fuel under contract.  
1.2 This specification defines the minimum property requirements for Jet A and Jet A-1 aviation turbine fuel and lists acceptable additives for use in civil and military operated engines and aircraft. Specification D1655 was developed initially for civil applications, but has also been adopted for military aircraft. Guidance information regarding the use of Jet A and Jet A-1 in specialized applications is available in the appendix.  
1.3 This specification can be used as a standard in describing the quality of aviation turbine fuel from production to the aircraft. However, this specification does not define the quality assurance testing and procedures necessary to ensure that fuel in the distribution system continues to comply with this specification after batch certification. Such procedures are defined elsewhere, for example in ICAO 9977, EI/JIG Standard 1530, JIG 1, JIG 2, API 1543, API 1595, and ATA-103.  
1.4 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.  
1.5 Aviation turbine fuels defined by this specification may be used in other than turbine engines that are specifically designed and certified for this fuel.  
1.6 This specification no longer includes wide-cut aviation turbine fuel (Jet B). FAA has issued a Special Airworthiness Information Bulletin which now approves the use of Specification D6615 to replace Specification D1655 as the specification for Jet B and refers users to this standard for reference.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. However, other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1322-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosene and Aviation Turbine Fuel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides an indication of the relative smoke producing properties of kerosenes and aviation turbine fuels in a diffusion flame. The smoke point is related to the hydrocarbon type composition of such fuels. Generally the more aromatic the fuel the smokier the flame. A high smoke point indicates a fuel of low smoke producing tendency.  
5.2 The smoke point is quantitatively related to the potential radiant heat transfer from the combustion products of the fuel. Because radiant heat transfer exerts a strong influence on the metal temperature of combustor liners and other hot section parts of gas turbines, the smoke point provides a basis for correlation of fuel characteristics with the life of these components.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determination of the smoke point of kerosene and aviation turbine fuel, a manual procedure and an automated procedure, which give results with different precision.  
1.2 The automated procedure is the referee procedure.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8147-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Special-Purpose Test Fuels for Aviation Compression-Ignition Engines

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material, manufacturing, and specialized property requirements for producing special-purpose aviation distillate test fuels that are intended only for engineering and certification testing of aircraft, engines, and aircraft equipment. It deals with special-purpose test fuels that may be used to evaluate the operability, performance and durability of aviation compression-ignition engines when operating with fuels of marginal performance. Aviation distillate fuel, except as otherwise specified in this specification, shall consist predominantly of refined hydrocarbons derived from conventional sources such as crude oil, natural gas liquid condensates, heavy oil, shale oil, and oil sands. The use of middle distillate fuel blends containing components from other sources is permitted. This specification also lists acceptable additives for aviation distillate special-purpose test fuels. Use of this specification for engineering and certification testing of aircraft is not mandatory. It is directed at civil applications, and maintained as such, but may be adopted for military, government, or other specialized uses.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is intended to support purchasing agencies when formulating specifications for purchases of aviation distillate fuel under contract.  
1.2 This specification defines specialized property requirements to produce special-purpose aviation distillate test fuels that are intended only for engineering and certification testing of aircraft, engines, and aircraft equipment. Use of this specification for engineering and certification testing of aircraft is not mandatory. Its use is at the discretion of the aircraft manufacturer, engine manufacturer, or certification authorities when determining criteria for validation of aircraft equipment design.  
1.3 This specification defines special-purpose test fuels that may be used to evaluate the operability, performance and durability of aviation compression-ignition engines when operating with fuels of marginal performance. The aviation distillate test fuels defined in this specification are not intended for general purpose use in aircraft. This specification also lists acceptable additives for aviation distillate special-purpose test fuels.  
1.4 Specification D8147 is directed at civil applications, and maintained as such, but may be adopted for military, government, or other specialized uses.  
1.5 This specification can be used as a standard in describing the quality of aviation distillate fuel from production to the aircraft. However, this specification does not define the quality assurance testing and procedures necessary to ensure that fuel continues to comply with this specification after batch certification.  
1.6 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation compression-ignition (CI) engines.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.7.1 Exception—Other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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