ASTM D4296-24
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling Pitch
Standard Practice for Sampling Pitch
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sampling is as important as testing. If the sampling is improperly done, the sample of the material will be in error, and the analysis will not represent the true properties of the material, and it may be impossible or impracticable to take another sample; whereas, if the sample is properly taken and the analysis is in error, another analysis can readily be made of the original sample.
5.2 Samples may be taken for either of the following two purposes:
5.2.1 To represent as nearly as possible an average of the bulk of the materials sampled, or
5.2.2 To ascertain the maximum variation in characteristics which the material possesses.
5.3 A good sampling plan has the following characteristics:
5.3.1 It protects the consumer against the acceptance of a bad batch of material.
5.3.2 It protects the producer against the rejection of a good batch of material.
5.3.3 It gives long-range protection to the consumer.
5.3.4 It encourages the producer to keep his process in control.
5.3.5 It minimizes the cost of sampling, inspection of testing, and administration.
5.3.6 It provides information concerning the quality of the product.
5.4 Sampling Integrity—When one takes a sample, one is attempting to represent a batch or lot of material with that sample. Different forms of pitch, and pitch in different types of containers, need to have different sampling plans and appropriate sampling equipment. Each sampling plan should be designed so that it accomplishes its objective, which is to ascertain the characteristics or quality of a batch or lot of material.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling pitch at points of manufacture, storage, and delivery.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 12.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4296 − 24
Standard Practice for
1
Sampling Pitch
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4296; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* portions of gross samples from different lots together in mass
fraction proportioned to the consignment.
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling pitch at
3.1.4 gross sample, n—in pitch, the original, uncrushed
points of manufacture, storage, and delivery.
representative portion taken from a shipment of pitch.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.5 increment, n—a portion of a material to be combined
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
with other portions of the same material to provide a larger
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sample which will represent the whole material.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.6 representative sample, n—a portion extracted from a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
total volume that may or may not contain the constituents in the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
same proportions are present in the total volume.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Specific warning statements are given in Section 12.
3.1.7 sample, n—a part taken as representative of a whole
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
material.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4. Summary of Practice
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1 Samples of liquid pitches are taken from process lines,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
storage, and shipment containers in increments required to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
prepare a representative sample for testing.
2. Referenced Documents 4.2 Samples of solid pitches are taken from loading
2 systems, storage, and shipment containers in increments re-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
quired to prepare a representative sample for testing.
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
Fuels, and Lubricants
5. Significance and Use
3. Terminology
5.1 Sampling is as important as testing. If the sampling is
improperly done, the sample of the material will be in error,
3.1 Definitions:
and the analysis will not represent the true properties of the
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to
material, and it may be impossible or impracticable to take
Terminology D4175.
another sample; whereas, if the sample is properly taken and
3.1.2 bulk sample, n—the reduced and divided representa-
the analysis is in error, another analysis can readily be made of
tive portion of the gross sample as prepared for shipment to and
the original sample.
received by a laboratory to be prepared for analysis.
5.2 Samples may be taken for either of the following two
3.1.3 composite sample, n—in pitch, a sample, representa-
purposes:
tive of an entire consignment of pitch, generated by mixing
5.2.1 To represent as nearly as possible an average of the
bulk of the materials sampled, or
5.2.2 To ascertain the maximum variation in characteristics
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
which the material possesses.
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
5.3 A good sampling plan has the following characteristics:
Current edition approved March 1, 2024. Published April 2024. Originally
5.3.1 It protects the consumer against the acceptance of a
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D4296 – 18. DOI:
10.1520/D4296-24.
bad batch of material.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.3.2 It protects the producer against the rejection of a good
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
batch of material.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 5.3.3 It gives long-range protection to the consumer.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4296 − 18 D4296 − 24
Standard Practice for
1
Sampling Pitch
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4296; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling pitch at points of manufacture, storage, and delivery.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 1112.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.1.2 bulk sample, n—a large sample, either from one place or made up of several incremental samples of the same material.the
reduced and divided representative portion of the gross sample as prepared for shipment to and received by a laboratory to be
prepared for analysis.
3.1.3 composite sample, n—in pitch, a thoroughly mixed gross sample.sample, representative of an entire consignment of pitch,
generated by mixing portions of gross samples from different lots together in mass fraction proportioned to the consignment.
3.1.4 gross sample, n—a largein pitch, sample made up of several portions (increments) of a mass of material.the original,
uncrushed representative portion taken from a shipment of pitch.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018March 1, 2024. Published December 2018April 2024. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20152018
ɛ1
as D4296 – 83 (2015)D4296 – 18. . DOI: 10.1520/D4296-18.10.1520/D4296-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4296 − 24
3.1.5 increment, n—a portion of a material to be combined with other portions of the same material to provide a larger sample
which will represent the whole material.
3.1.6 representative sample, n—a part of a homogeneous material, or a part of the composited and mixed portions of a material,
which carries all the true properties and physical characteristics of the whole material.portion extracted from a total volume that
may or may not contain the constituents in the same proportions are present in the total volume.
3.1.7 sample, n—a part taken as representative of a whole material.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Samples of liquid pitches are taken from process lines, storage, and shipment containers in increments required to prepare a
representative sample for testing.
4.2 Samples of solid pitches are taken from loading systems, storage, and shipment containers in increments required to prepare
a representative sample for testing.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Sampling is as important as testing. If the sampling is improperly done, the sample of the material will be in error, and the
analysis will not represent the true properties of the material, and it may be impossible or impracticable to take another sample;
whereas, if the sample
...
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