ASTM D4003-98(2003)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
Standard Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods provide a measure of a shipping container’ability to protect a product from failure due to horizontal impacts. These measures are based on controlled levels of shock input and may be used for arriving at the optimum design of a container or system to protect a product against a specified level of shipping environment hazard.
These test methods provide a measure of a packaged product’ability to withstand the various levels of shipping environment hazards. These measures may be used to prescribe a mode of shipping and handling that will not induce damage to the packaged product or to define the required levels of protection that must be provided by its packaging.
Test Method A is intended to simulate the rail car coupling environment. Refer to Methods D 5277 for simulating the standard draft gear portion of that environment.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are intended to determine the ability of a package or product to withstand laboratory simulated horizontal impact forces.
1.2 The horizontal impacts used in these test methods are programmed shock inputs that represent the hazards as they occur in the shipping and handling environments. The environmental hazards may include rail switching impacts, pallet marshalling impacts, and so forth. The following test methods apply:
1.2.1 Method A, Rail Car Switching Impact -This test method simulates the types of shock pulses experienced by lading in rail car switching, with the use of a rigid bulkhead on the leading edge of the test carriage, to simulate the end wall of a railcar and shock programming devices to produce representative shock pulses. With the use of backloading, this test method may also be used to simulate compressive forces experienced by lading loads during rail car switching. It is suitable for tests of individual containers or systems as they are shipped in rail cars. It may also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of pallet patterns to determine the effect of interaction between containers during rail switching operation impacts.
1.2.2 Method B, Pallet Marshalling Impact Tests -This test method assess the ability of single containers, systems, and unit load quantities to withstand the forces encountered during pallet marshalling or airplane loading operations.
1.3 The test levels may be varied to represent the mode on shipping and handling used for the item under test.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D4003–98 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Methods for
Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping
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Containers and Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4003; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
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1.1 These test methods are intended to determine the ability 2.1 ASTM Standards:
of a package or product to withstand laboratory simulated D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
horizontal impact forces. ments
1.2 The horizontal impacts used in these test methods are D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Package, or
programmed shock inputs that represent the hazards as they Packaging Components for Testing
occur in the shipping and handling environments. The envi- D 5277 Test Method for Performing Programmed Horizon-
ronmental hazards may include rail switching impacts, lift tal Impacts Using an Inclined Impact Tester
truck marshalling impacts, and so forth. The following test E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate a
methods apply: Measure of Quality of a Lot or Process
1.2.1 Method A, Rail Car Switching Impact—This test
3. Terminology
method simulates the types of shock pulses experienced by
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
lading in rail car switching, with the use of a rigid bulkhead on
theleadingedgeofthetestcarriage,tosimulatetheendwallof method, see Terminology D 996.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
a railcar and shock programming devices to produce represen-
tative shock pulses. With the use of backloading, this test 3.2.1 acceleration—the rate of change of velocity of a body
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with respect to time measured in in./s (m/s ).
method may also be used to simulate compressive forces
experienced by lading loads during rail car switching. It is 3.2.2 backload—a duplicate specimen similar to the test
package or weights to simulate the other lading in the transport
suitablefortestsofindividualcontainersorsystemsastheyare
shipped in rail cars. It may also be used to evaluate the vehicle.
3.2.3 shock pulse—a substantial disturbance characterized
effectiveness of pallet patterns to determine the effect of
by a rise of acceleration from a constant value and decay of
interaction between containers during rail switching operation
impacts. acceleration to the constant value in a short period of time.
3.2.4 shock pulse programmer—a device to control the
1.2.2 Method B, Marshalling Impact Tests of Unit Loads—
This test method assesses the ability of unit loads to withstand parameters of the acceleration versus time-shock pulse gener-
ated by a shock test impact machine.
the forces encountered during marshalling or loading opera-
tions. 3.2.5 velocity change—the sum of the impact velocity and
reboundvelocity(theareaundertheacceleration—timecurve).
1.3 The test levels may be varied to represent the mode on
shipping and handling used for the item under test.
4. Significance and Use
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 These test methods provide a measure of a shipping
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
container’s ability to protect a product from failure due to
information only.
horizontal impacts. These measures are based on controlled
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
levels of shock input and may be used for arriving at the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
optimum design of a container or system to protect a product
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
against a specified level of shipping environment hazard.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 These test methods provide a measure of a packaged
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
product’s ability to withstand the various levels of shipping
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
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Packaging and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.22 on Handling For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Transportation. contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
Current edition approved April 10, 1998. Published October 1998. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
published as D 4003–81. Last previous edition D 4003–92. the ASTM website.
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