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ASTM D5277-22

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Performing Programmed Horizontal Impacts Using an Inclined Impact Tester

Standard Test Method for Performing Programmed Horizontal Impacts Using an Inclined Impact Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is for use in evaluating the capability of a container or shipping system to withstand sudden shocks and crushing forces, such as those generated from rail switching impacts or pallet marshalling, or to evaluate the capability of a container and its inner packing, or shipping system, to protect its contents during the sudden shocks and crushing forces resulting from rail switching or pallet marshalling impacts. This test method may also be used to compare the performance of different container designs or shipping systems. The test may also permit observation of the progressive failure of a container or shipping system and damage to the contents. See Practice D4169 for additional guidance.  
4.2 This test method is not suitable for reproducing impact resulting from the switching of rail cars using long-travel draft gear or cushioned underframes. Refer to Test Methods D4003 (revised) as a more suitable method for testing under these circumstances, or when more precise control of shock inputs is required.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedures for reproducing and comparing shock damage, such as that which may result from rail switching or pallet marshalling impacts, using an incline impact tester. It is suitable for simulating the types of shock pulses experienced by lading in rail switching of rail cars with standard draft gear, but not for those with long travel draft gear or cushioned underframes. The test method can also be used for pallet marshalling tests.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 6.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Oct-2022
ICS
19.060 - Mechanical testing
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.21 - Shipping Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5277 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Performing Programmed Horizontal Impacts Using an
1
Inclined Impact Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5277; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D996Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
ments
1.1 This test method covers the procedures for reproducing
D4003Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact
and comparing shock damage, such as that which may result
Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
from rail switching or pallet marshalling impacts, using an
D4169Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
incline impact tester. It is suitable for simulating the types of
tainers and Systems
shockpulsesexperiencedbyladinginrailswitchingofrailcars
D4332Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
withstandarddraftgear,butnotforthosewithlongtraveldraft
Packaging Components for Testing
gear or cushioned underframes. The test method can also be
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
used for pallet marshalling tests.
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Lot or Process
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3. Terminology
and are not considered standard.
3.1 Definitions—General terms and definitions used in this
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
test method may be found in Terminology D996.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 programming material—a resilient elastomer with
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
characteristics suitable to control the shock pulse generated, or
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
any other suitable means of control.
For specific hazards statements, see Section 6.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.2 velocity change—thesumofthevelocityatimpactand
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the rebound velocity.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Significance and Use
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1 Thistestmethodisforuseinevaluatingthecapabilityof
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
acontainerorshippingsystemtowithstandsuddenshocksand
crushing forces, such as those generated from rail switching
2. Referenced Documents
impacts or pallet marshalling, or to evaluate the capability of a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
container and its inner packing, or shipping system, to protect
D664Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
its contents during the sudden shocks and crushing forces
by Potentiometric Titration
resulting from rail switching or pallet marshalling impacts.
D880Test Method for ImpactTesting for Shipping Contain-
Thistestmethodmayalsobeusedtocomparetheperformance
ers and Systems
of different container designs or shipping systems. The test
may also permit observation of the progressive failure of a
container or shipping system and damage to the contents. See
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
Practice D4169 for additional guidance.
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping
Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
4.2 This test method is not suitable for reproducing impact
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally
resulting from the switching of rail cars using long-travel draft
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D5277–92 (2015).
DOI: 10.1520/D5277-22.
gear or cushioned underframes. Refer to Test Methods D4003
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
(revised) as a more suitable method for testing under these
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
circumstances,orwhenmoreprecisecontrolofshockinputsis
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. required.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

-----------------
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5277 − 92 (Reapproved 2015) D5277 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Performing Programmed Horizontal Impacts Using an
1
Inclined Impact Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5277; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedures for reproducing and comparing shock damage, such as that which may result from rail
switching or pallet marshalling impacts, using an incline impact tester. It is suitable for simulating the types of shock pulses
experienced by lading in rail switching of rail cars with standard draft gear, but not for those with long travel draft gear or
cushioned underframes. The test method can also be used for pallet marshalling tests.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 6.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments
D4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
D4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—General terms and definitions used in this test method may be found in Terminology D996.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping Containers and
Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
Current edition approved April 1, 2015Oct. 15, 2022. Published May 2015October 2022. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20082015 as
D5277 – 92 (2008).(2015). DOI: 10.1520/D5277-92R15.10.1520/D5277-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5277 − 22
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 programming material—a resilient elastomer with characteristics suitable to control the shock pulse generated, or any other
suitable means of control.
3.2.2 velocity change—the sum of the velocity at impact and the rebound velocity.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is for use in evaluating the capability of a container or shipping system to withstand sudden shocks and
crushing forces, such as those generated from rail switching impacts or pallet marshalling, or to evaluate the capability of a
container and its inner packing, or shipping system, to protect its contents during the sudden shocks and crushing forces resulting
from rail switching or pallet marshalling impacts. This test method may also be used to compare the performance of different
container designs or shipping systems. The test may also permit observation of the progressive failure of a container or shipping
system and damage to the contents. See Practice D4169 for addi
...

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ASTM
ASTM E739-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Statistical Analysis of Linear or Linearized Stress-Life (S-N) and Strain-Life (ε-N) Fatigue Data

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Materials scientists and engineers are making increased use of statistical analyses in interpreting S-N  and ε-N  fatigue data. Statistical analysis applies when the given data can be reasonably assumed to be a random sample of (or representation of) some specific defined population or universe of material of interest (under specific test conditions), and it is desired either to characterize the material or to predict the performance of future random samples of the material (under similar test conditions), or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers only  S-N  and ε-N  relationships that may be reasonably approximated by a straight line (on appropriate coordinates) for a specific interval of stress or strain. It presents elementary procedures that presently reflect good practice in modeling and analysis. However, because the actual S-N  or ε-N  relationship is approximated by a straight line only within a specific interval of stress or strain, and because the actual fatigue life distribution is unknown, it is  not recommended  that (a) the S-N  or ε-N curve be extrapolated outside the interval of testing, or (b) the fatigue life at a specific stress or strain amplitude be estimated below approximately the fifth percentile (P ≃ 0.05). As alternative fatigue models and statistical analyses are continually being developed, later revisions of this guide may subsequently present analyses that permit more complete interpretation of  S-N  and ε-N  data.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1823-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology contains definitions, definitions of terms specific to certain standards, symbols, and abbreviations approved for use in standards on fatigue and fracture testing. The definitions are preceded by two lists. The first is an alphabetical listing of symbols used. (Greek symbols are listed in accordance with their spelling in English.) The second is an alphabetical listing of relevant abbreviations.  
1.2 This terminology includes Annex A1 on Units and Annex A2 on Designation Codes for Specimen Configuration, Applied Loading, and Crack or Notch Orientation.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E6-23a(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms relating to methods of mechanical testing of solids. The general definitions are restricted and interpreted, when necessary, to make them particularly applicable and practicable for use in standards requiring or relating to mechanical tests. These definitions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in product specifications.  
1.2 Terms relating to fatigue and fracture testing are defined in Terminology E1823.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    12 pages
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  • Standard
    12 pages
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