ASTM E2381-04(2010)

Standard Guide for Dosimetry In Radiation Processing of Fluidized Beds and Fluid Streams (Withdrawn 2016)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Dosimetric Techniques—The processes addressed here utilize a variety of techniques for the dynamic presentation of the product to the radiation source. This may involve gravitational flow or simple pneumatic transport about or past the radiation source. In the case of fluidized beds, the product may be presented to the radiation source while supported in a gaseous or liquid stream moving at relatively high velocities. This document provides a guide to the dosimetric techniques suitable for these processes.
Food Products—Food products may be treated with ionizing radiation, such as energetic electrons from accelerators or gamma rays from 60Co or 137Cs sources, or X-rays, for numerous purposes, including control of parasites and pathogenic microorganisms, insect disinfestation, growth and maturation inhibition, and shelf-life extension.  
Note 1—Food irradiation specifications usually include upper and lower limits of absorbed dose: a minimum to ensure the intended beneficial effect and a maximum to avoid product degradation. For a given application, one or both of these values may be prescribed by regulations that have been established on the basis of available scientific data. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the capability of an irradiation facility to process within these absorbed-dose limits prior to the irradiation of the food product. Once this capability is established, it may be necessary to monitor and record the dose range delivered to the product during each production run to verify compliance with the process specifications within a predetermined level of confidence.
Randomized Flow—In a stream of randomized flow; i.e. turbulent instead of laminar, variations occur which lead to a dose distribution for the particles entrained in the stream. The “idealized” maximum and minimum doses possible can be calculated based upon knowledge of the applied dose rate, the product dwell time in the irradiation cell and the product or bed thickness. The expe...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes several dosimetry systems and methods suitable for the documentation of the irradiation of product transported as fluid or in a fluidized bed.
1.2 The sources of penetrating ionizing radiation included in this guide are electron beams, X-rays (bremsstrahlung) and gamma rays.
1.3 Absorbed doses from 10 to 100,000 gray are considered, including applications such as disinfestation, disinfection, bioburden reduction, sterilization, crosslinking and graft modification of products, particularly powders and aggregates.
1.4 This guide does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with the use of fluidized beds and streams incorporating sources of ionizing radiation. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine compliance with regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide describes several dosimetry systems and methods suitable for the documentation of the irradiation of product transported as fluid or in a fluidized bed.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E61 on Radiation Processing, this guide was withdrawn in June 2016. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement because to the committees’ knowledge it is not used in the industry anymore.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2010
• Withdrawal Date: 10-Jul-2016
• ICS: 17.240 - Radiation measurements
• Technical Committee: E61 - Radiation Processing
• Drafting Committee: E61.04 - Specialty Application

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2381 − 04 (Reapproved2010)
Standard Guide for
Dosimetry In Radiation Processing of Fluidized Beds and
1
Fluid Streams
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2381; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F1355GuideforIrradiationofFreshAgriculturalProduceas
a Phytosanitary Treatment
1.1 This guide describes several dosimetry systems and
F1885Guide for Irradiation of Dried Spices, Herbs, and
methods suitable for the documentation of the irradiation of
Vegetable Seasonings to Control Pathogens and Other
product transported as fluid or in a fluidized bed.
Microorganisms
1.2 Thesourcesofpenetratingionizingradiationincludedin
2.2 ISO/ASTM Standards:
this guide are electron beams, X-rays (bremsstrahlung) and
51204 Standard Practice for Dosimetry in Gamma Irradia-
gamma rays.
tion Facilities for Food Processing
1.3 Absorbeddosesfrom10to100,000grayareconsidered, 51261Guide for Selection and Calibration of Dosimetry
Systems for Radiation Processing
including applications such as disinfestation, disinfection,
bioburdenreduction,sterilization,crosslinkingandgraftmodi- 51275Practice for Use of a Radiochromic Film Dosimetry
System
fication of products, particularly powders and aggregates.
51310Practice for the Use of a Radiochromic Optical
1.4 This guide does not purport to address the safety
Waveguide Dosimetry Systems
concerns, if any, associated with the use of fluidized beds and
51400 Practice for Characterization and Performance of a
streams incorporating sources of ionizing radiation. It is the
High-Dose Radiation Dosimetry Calibration Laboratory
responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate
51431 Practice for Dosimetry in Electron and X-Ray
safety and health practices and to determine compliance with
(Bremsstrahlung) Irradiation Facilities for Food Process-
regulatory limitations prior to use.
ing
51538Practice for Use of the Ethanol-Chlorobenzene Do-
2. Referenced Documents
simetry System
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
51540PracticeforUseofaRadiochromicLiquidDosimetry
E170Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurements and
System
Dosimetry
51607 Practice for Use of the Alanine-EPR Dosimetry
E666Practice for CalculatingAbsorbed Dose From Gamma
System
or X Radiation
51608PracticeforDosimetryinanX-Ray(Bremsstrahlung)
E1026Practice for Using the Fricke Dosimetry System
Facility for Radiation Processing
E2232Guide for Selection and Use of Mathematical Meth-
51649Practice for Dosimetry in an Electron Beam Facility
ods for CalculatingAbsorbed Dose in Radiation Process-
forRadiationProcessingatEnergiesbetween300keVand
ing Applications
25 MeV
51702Practice for Dosimetry in a Gamma Irradiation Facil-
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E61 on Radiation
ity for Radiation Processing
Processing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E61.04 on Specialty
51707Guide for Estimating Uncertainties in Dosimetry for
Application.
Radiation Processing
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originally
51818Practice for Dosimetry in an Electron Beam Facility
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E2381–04. DOI:
10.1520/E2381-04R10.
for Radiation Processing at Energies Between 80 and 300
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
keV
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
51956Practice forApplication of Thermoluminescence Do-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. simetry (TLD) Systems for Radiation Processing
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2381 − 04 (2010)
2.3 International Commission on Radiation Units and Mea- 3.1.6 bed thickness—total thickness of the fluidized bed,
3
surements Reports which includes the product being processed and the carrier
-2
ICRUReport14 RadiationDosimetry:X-RaysandGamma medium, both normalized by density. The SI unit is kg. m .
-2
RayswithMaximumPhotonEnergiesBetween0.6and50
3.1.6.1 Discussion—thickness is typically quoted in g. m
MeV
due to its numerical equivalence to thickness in micrometers
ICRUReport17 RadiationDosimetry:X-RaysGeneratedat
for unit density matter.
Potentials of 5 to 150 kV
3.1.7 Bremsstrahlung—broad-spectrum electromagnetic ra-
ICRU Report 30 International Comparison of Radiological
diation (X-rays) emitted when an energetic electron is influ-
Units and Measurements: Quantitative Concepts and Do-
e
...