ASTM D3161-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
Standard Test Method for Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Most asphalt shingles that have demonstrated wind resistance by this test have also performed well in use. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test to simulate. The results of this test do not directly correlate to wind speeds experienced in service, and no accommodation is made in this test method for building height, building exposure category, or building importance factor.
Many factors influence the wind resistance of shingles in the field; for example, temperature, time, roof slope, contamination by dirt and debris, and fasteners that are misaligned or under-driven. It is beyond the scope of this test method to address all of these influences. This test method is designed to evaluate the wind resistance of asphalt shingles as described in the scope when representative samples are applied to test panels in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and conditioned as specified before testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating the wind resistance of asphalt shingles that results from the shingle’s rigidity (with or without contribution from sealant) or mechanical interlocking (with or without contribution from sealant) or any combination thereof. The shingles are applied to a test panel in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and tested at a 2:12 (17 %) slope, or at the lowest slope permitted by those instructions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D3161–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4.1.3 Class F—Pass at a test velocity of 177 km/h (110
mph).
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating the
wind resistance of asphalt shingles that results from the
5. Significance and Use
shingle’s rigidity (with or without contribution from sealant) or
5.1 Most asphalt shingles that have demonstrated wind
mechanical interlocking (with or without contribution from
resistance by this test have also performed well in use. Natural
sealant) or any combination thereof. The shingles are applied
wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and
to a test panel in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc-
turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test
tions and tested at a 2:12 (17 %) slope, or at the lowest slope
to simulate. The results of this test do not directly correlate to
permitted by those instructions.
wind speeds experienced in service, and no accommodation is
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
made in this test method for building height, building exposure
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
category, or building importance factor.
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
5.2 Many factors influence the wind resistance of shingles
tion only and are not considered standard.
in the field; for example, temperature, time, roof slope,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
contamination by dirt and debris, and fasteners that are
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
misaligned or under-driven. It is beyond the scope of this test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
method to address all of these influences. This test method is
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
designed to evaluate the wind resistance of asphalt shingles as
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
described in the scope when representative samples are applied
2. Referenced Documents to test panels in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc-
2
tions and conditioned as specified before testing.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
6. Apparatus
3. Terminology 6.1 Test Machine, capable of delivering a horizontal stream
of air through a rectangular opening 914 mm (36 in.) wide and
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
305 mm (12 in.) high at a velocity not less than 97 km/h (60
method, refer to Terminology D1079.
mph). At a velocity of not less than 177 km/h (110 mph), it is
4. Classes of Shingles
permissible to add a duct section to the equipment to lower the
height of the rectangular opening to 152 mm (6 in.). The test
4.1 Shingles are of three classes:
velocity shall not vary more than 65 mph as measured at a
4.1.1 Class A—Pass at a test velocity of 97 km/h (60 mph).
minimum of three evenly spaced locations across the orifice.
4.1.2 Class D—Pass at a test velocity of 145 km/h (90
The machine shall be equipped with an adjustable stand to
mph).
receive a test panel and be adapted to setting the test panel at
any desired slope, at any horizontal distance from the lower
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
edge of the duct opening, and at various angles incident to the
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on
wind direction.
Prepared Roofings, Shingles and Siding Materials.
6.2 Timer, capable of reading to the nearest minute.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published January 2009. Originally
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3161 – 08c. DOI:
6.3 Mechanical Circulation Conditioning Cell or Room,
10.1520/D3161-09.
having forced circulation of air capable of receiving a 1.27-m
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
(50-in.) wide by 1.68-m (66-in.) long, or larger test panel on a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on slope of 2:12 (17 %), or the lowest slope recommended in the
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
-----------------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3161–08c Designation: D 3161 – 09
Standard Test Method for
1
Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating the wind resistance of asphalt shingles that results from the shingle’s
rigidity (with or without contribution from sealant) or mechanical interlocking (with or without contribution from sealant) or any
combination thereof.The shingles are applied to a test panel in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and tested at a 2:12
(17 %) slope, or at the lowest slope permitted by those instructions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 1079.
4. Classes of Shingles
4.1 Shingles are of three classes:
4.1.1 Class A—Pass at a test velocity of 97 km/h (60 mph).
4.1.2 Class D—Pass at a test velocity of 145 km/h (90 mph).
4.1.3 Class F—Pass at a test velocity of 177 km/h (110 mph).
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Most asphalt shingles that have demonstrated wind resistance by this test have also performed well in use. Natural wind
conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test to simulate.
The results of this test do not directly correlate to wind speeds experienced in service, and no accommodation is made in this test
method for building height, building exposure category, or building importance factor.
5.2 Manyfactorsinfluencethewindresistanceofshinglesinthefield;forexample,temperature,time,roofslope,contamination
by dirt and debris, and fasteners that are misaligned or under-driven. It is beyond the scope of this test method to address all of
these influences. This test method is designed to evaluate the wind resistance of asphalt shingles as described in the scope when
representative samples are applied to test panels in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and conditioned as specified
before testing.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Test Machine, capable of delivering a horizontal stream of air through a rectangular opening 914 mm (36 in.) wide and 305
mm (12 in.) high at a velocity not less than 97 km/h (60 mph).At a velocity of not less than 177 km/h (110 mph), it is permissible
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Prepared
Roofings, Shingles and Siding Materials.
Current edition approved Dec.Jan. 1, 2008.2009. Published December 2008.January 2009. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as
D 3161 – 08bc.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3161–09
to add a duct section to the equipment to lower the height of the rectangular opening to 152 mm (6 in.). The test velocity shall
not vary more than 65 mph as measured at a minimum of three evenly spaced locations across the orifice. The machine shall be
equipped with an adjustable stand to receive a test panel and be adapted to setting the test panel at any desired slope, at any
horizontal distance from the lower edge of the duct opening, and at various angles inc
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3161–08c Designation: D 3161 – 09
Standard Test Method for
1
Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating the wind resistance of asphalt shingles that results from the shingle’s
rigidity (with or without contribution from sealant) or mechanical interlocking (with or without contribution from sealant) or any
combination thereof.The shingles are applied to a test panel in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and tested at a 2:12
(17 %) slope, or at the lowest slope permitted by those instructions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 1079.
4. Classes of Shingles
4.1 Shingles are of three classes:
4.1.1 Class A—Pass at a test velocity of 97 km/h (60 mph).
4.1.2 Class D—Pass at a test velocity of 145 km/h (90 mph).
4.1.3 Class F—Pass at a test velocity of 177 km/h (110 mph).
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Most asphalt shingles that have demonstrated wind resistance by this test have also performed well in use. Natural wind
conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test to simulate.
The results of this test do not directly correlate to wind speeds experienced in service, and no accommodation is made in this test
method for building height, building exposure category, or building importance factor.
5.2 Manyfactorsinfluencethewindresistanceofshinglesinthefield;forexample,temperature,time,roofslope,contamination
by dirt and debris, and fasteners that are misaligned or under-driven. It is beyond the scope of this test method to address all of
these influences. This test method is designed to evaluate the wind resistance of asphalt shingles as described in the scope when
representative samples are applied to test panels in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and conditioned as specified
before testing.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Test Machine, capable of delivering a horizontal stream of air through a rectangular opening 914 mm (36 in.) wide and 305
mm (12 in.) high at a velocity not less than 97 km/h (60 mph).At a velocity of not less than 177 km/h (110 mph), it is permissible
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Prepared
Roofings, Shingles and Siding Materials.
Current edition approved Dec.Jan. 1, 2008.2009. Published December 2008.January 2009. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as
D 3161 – 08bc.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3161–09
to add a duct section to the equipment to lower the height of the rectangular opening to 152 mm (6 in.). The test velocity shall
not vary more than 65 mph as measured at a minimum of three evenly spaced locations across the orifice. The machine shall be
equipped with an adjustable stand to receive a test panel and be adapted to setting the test panel at any desired slope, at any
horizontal distance from the lower edge of the duct opening, and at various angles inc
...
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