ASTM F3278-20

Standard Performance Specifications and Test Methods for Hand-Held Metal Detectors Used in Safety and Security

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the acceptance requirements and performance testing procedures for all hand-held metal detectors (HHMDs) used to find metal contraband concealed or hidden on people or other objects with accessible surfaces. It covers baseline performance requirements, including metal object detection performance, safety (electrical, mechanical, fire), electromagnetic compatibility, environmental conditions and ranges, and mechanical durability. This performance specification describes the use of spherical test objects, instead of actual threat objects or exemplars of threat objects, to test the detection performance of HHMDs. The spherically shaped test objects are constructed of either aluminum or steel. Their diameters and the metal used for the different classification of HHMD performance are covered by this specification, along with the electrical conductivity and magnetic relative permeability of the metals used in the construction of the test objects. The specification also defines the distance between the measurement plane and the detector plane for the different HHMD size classes, as well as the x-axis scan range.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard applies to all hand-held metal detectors (HHMDs) used to find metal contraband concealed or hidden on people or other objects with accessible surfaces. This standard describes baseline performance requirements, which includes metal object detection performance, safety (electrical, mechanical, fire), electromagnetic compatibility, environmental conditions and ranges, and mechanical durability. The requirements for metal detection performance are unique and, therefore, test methods for these parameters are provided, including the design of test objects. An agency or organization using this standard is encouraged to add their unique operationally-based requirements to those requirements listed in this baseline performance specification.  
1.2 This standard describes the use of spherical test objects, instead of actual threat objects or exemplars of threat objects, to test the detection performance of hand-held metal detectors. Spherical test objects are used because the detectability of spherical test objects is not orientation dependent, whereas this is not true for non-spherical test objects. This orientation-dependent detectability of non-spherical test objects may allow a HHMD to be incorrectly attributed a higher performance capability than that HHMD is capable of providing. To aid agencies wishing to add specific threat objects to their detection performance requirements, included in Appendix X1 is the analysis of the probability of detection for different orientations of agency-specific threat objects.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2020
• ICS: 13.320 - Alarm and warning systems
• Technical Committee: F12 - Security Systems and Equipment
• Drafting Committee: F12.60 - Controlled Access Security, Search, and Screening Equipment

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F3278 −20
Standard Performance Specifications and Test Methods for
1
Hand-Held Metal Detectors Used in Safety and Security
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3278; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This standard applies to all hand-held metal detectors
(HHMDs) used to find metal contraband concealed or hidden
2. Referenced Documents
on people or other objects with accessible surfaces. This
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
standard describes baseline performance requirements, which
F3356Practice for Conformity Assessment of Metal Detec-
includes metal object detection performance, safety (electrical,
tors Used in Safety and Security
mechanical, fire), electromagnetic compatibility, environmen-
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
tal conditions and ranges, and mechanical durability. The
ISO 17025:2005General Requirements for the Competence
requirements for metal detection performance are unique and,
of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
therefore, test methods for these parameters are provided,
ISO 10012:2003Measurement Management Systems–Re-
including the design of test objects.An agency or organization
quirements for Measurement Processes and Measuring
using this standard is encouraged to add their unique
Equipment
operationally-based requirements to those requirements listed
ISO 14117:2012 Active Implantable Medical De-
in this baseline performance specification.
vices–Electromagnetic Compatibility–EMC Test Proto-
1.2 This standard describes the use of spherical test objects,
cols for Implantable Cardiac Pacemakers, Implantable
instead of actual threat objects or exemplars of threat objects,
Cardioverter Defibrillators, and Cardiac Resynchroniza-
to test the detection performance of hand-held metal detectors.
tion Devices
Spherical test objects are used because the detectability of
ISO 14708-1:2000Implants for Surgery–Active Implant-
sphericaltestobjectsisnotorientationdependent,whereasthis
able Medical Devices–Part 1: General Requirements for
is not true for non-spherical test objects. This orientation-
Safety,MarkingandforInformationtobeProvidedbythe
dependentdetectabilityofnon-sphericaltestobjectsmayallow
Manufacturer
a HHMD to be incorrectly attributed a higher performance
ISO 14708-2:2012Implants for Surgery–Active Implant-
capability than that HHMD is capable of providing. To aid
able Medical Devices–Part 2: Cardiac Pacemakers
agencies wishing to add specific threat objects to their detec-
ISO 14708-3:2017Implants for Surgery–Active Implant-
tionperformancerequirements,includedinAppendixX1isthe
able Medical Devices–Part 3: Implantable Neurostimu-
analysisoftheprobabilityofdetectionfordifferentorientations
lators
of agency-specific threat objects.
ISO 14708-4:2008Implants for Surgery–Active Implant-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
able Medical Devices – Part 4: Implantable Infusion
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Pumps
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ISO 14708-5:2010Implants for Surgery–Active Implant-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
able Medical Devices–Part 5: Circulatory Support De-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
vices
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
ISO 14708-6:2010Implants for Surgery–Active Implant-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
able Medical Devices–Part 6: Particular Requirements
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
forActive Implantable Medical Devices Intended toTreat
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Tachyarrhythmia (Including Implantable Defibrillators)
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on Security contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Systems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.60 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Controlled Access Security, Search, and Screening Equipment. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
approved in 20
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F3278 − 19a F3278 − 20
Standard Performance Specifications and Test Methods for
1
Hand-Held Metal Detectors Used in Safety and Security
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3278; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard applies to all hand-held metal detectors (HHMDs) used to find metal contraband concealed or hidden on people
or other objects with accessible surfaces. This standard describes baseline performance requirements, which includes metal object
detection performance, safety (electrical, mechanical, fire), electromagnetic compatibility, environmental conditions and ranges,
and mechanical durability. The requirements for metal detection performance are unique and, therefore, test methods for these
parameters are provided, including the design of test objects. An agency or organization using this standard is encouraged to add
their unique operationally-based requirements to those requirements listed in this baseline performance specification.
1.2 This standard describes the use of spherical test objects, instead of actual threat objects or exemplars of threat objects, to test
the detection performance of hand-held metal detectors. Spherical test objects are used because the detectability of spherical test
objects is not orientation dependent, whereas this is not true for non-spherical test objects. This orientation-dependent detectability
of non-spherical test objects may allow a HHMD to be incorrectly attributed a higher performance capability than that HHMD is
capable of providing. To aid agencies wishing to add specific threat objects to their detection performance requirements, included
in Appendix X1 is the analysis of the probability of detection for different orientations of agency-specific threat objects.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F3356 Practice for Conformity Assessment of Metal Detectors Used in Safety and Security
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 17025:2005 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
ISO 10012:2003 Measurement Management Systems – Requirements for Measurement Processes and Measuring Equipment
ISO 14117:2012 Active Implantable Medical Devices – Electromagnetic Compatibility – EMC Test Protocols for Implantable
Cardiac Pacemakers, Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators, and Cardiac Resynchronization Devices
1
This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on Security Systems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.60 on
Controlled Access Security, Search, and Screening Equipment.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2019Dec. 1, 2020. Published September 2019December 2020. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as
F3278 – 19.F3278 – 19a. DOI: 10.1520/F3278-19A.10.1520/F3278-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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F3278 − 20
ISO 14708-1:2000 Implants for Surgery – Active Implantable Medical Devices – Part 1: General Requirements for Safety,
Marking and for Information to be Provided by the Manufacturer
ISO 14708-2:2012 Implants for Surgery – Acti
...