ASTM C667-92(1996)e1
(Specification)Standard Specification for Prefabricated Reflective Insulation Systems for Equipment and Pipe Operating at Temperatures above Ambient Air
Standard Specification for Prefabricated Reflective Insulation Systems for Equipment and Pipe Operating at Temperatures above Ambient Air
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for all metal prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and piping operating at temperatures above ambient in air. Typical applications are in nuclear power-generating plants and industrial plants.
1.2 Reflective insulation is thermal insulation that reduces radiant heat transfer across spaces by the use of surfaces of high reflectance and low emittance.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. the values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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e1
Designation: C 667 – 92 (Reapproved 1996)
Standard Specification for
Prefabricated Reflective Insulation Systems for Equipment
and Pipe Operating at Temperatures above Ambient Air
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 667; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—A referenced document was added and caveat updated editorially in September 1996.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for all metal 3.1 Definitions:
prefabricated, reflective insulation systems for equipment and 3.1.1 Terms relating to thermal insulation materials and
piping operating at temperatures above ambient in air. Typical testing are in accordance with Terminology C 168.
applications are in nuclear power-generating plants and indus- 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
trial plants. 3.2.1 convection stops—seals used to reduce convection
1.2 Reflective insulation is thermal insulation that reduces losses.
radiant heat transfer across spaces by the use of surfaces of 3.2.2 end supports—structural members placed at the end of
high reflectance and low emittance. a unit of insulation and fastened to both the inner and outer
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded case. Their primary purpose is to increase the structural
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided integrity of the unit.
for information only. 3.2.3 inner case—the innermost sheet of the unit of insula-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the tion (closest to the hot surface). It may perform structural
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the functions in addition to its thermal functions.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2.4 insulation assembly—an assembly of insulation units
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- arranged and secured together in a prescribed order that
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. comprises the complete insulation for a vessel, pump, pipeline,
or other component for a single design objective.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.5 insulation system—a collection of insulation assem-
2.1 ASTM Standards: blies, that when secured together in a prescribed order, com-
C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulating Materi-
prises the complete insulation for a vessel, pump, pipeline, or
als other component for a single design objective.
C 335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Proper-
3.2.6 lap straps—strips that overlap a longitudinal or cir-
ties of Horizontal Pipe Insulation cumferential joint in the insulation which aligns adjacent
C 411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High- insulation units and may also serve to restrict air infiltration
Temperature Thermal Insulation
and convection losses and to shed external falling water. They
C 835 Test Method for Total Hemispherical Emittance of may be integral with one piece of the outer case or separate
Surfaces from 20 to 1400°C
strips secured to it.
C 854 Test for Resistance to External Loads on Metal 3.2.7 outer case—the outermost sheet or the unit of insula-
Reflective Pipe Insulation
tion (farthest from the hot surface). It usually performs
C 1033 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Prop- structural functions in addition to its thermal functions.
erties of Pipe Insulation Installed Vertically
3.2.8 penetrations—openings in a unit of insulation from
C 1061 Test Method for Thermal Transmission Properties the cold surface through to the hot surface.
of Non-Homogeneous Insulation Panels Installed Verti-
3.2.9 reflective liners—those reflective sheets or foil inter-
cally posed between the inner and outer case to reflect radiant
energy, to minimize emission of radiant energy, and to restrict
1 internal convection.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-16 on
Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.21 on 3.2.10 thickness—(see Fig. 1).
Reflective Insulation.
3.2.11 unit of insulation—a single structurally independent
Current edition approved June 15, 1992. Published August 1992.
assembly of inner case, outer case, reflective liners, and end
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
supports (if required).
Discontinued. See 1994 Annual Book of ASTM Standard, Vol 04.06.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 667
FIG. 1 Illustration of Terms Relating to Prefabricated Reflective Insulation Systems
4. Ordering Information the equipment or piping to be insulated, and engineered for the
purchaser’s service requirements.
4.1 Ordering information should include the following:
5.3 All parts of reflective insulation units should be made of
4.1.1 Service requirements including operating hot surface
metals that meet the thermal, physical, and chemical require-
temperature, expected ambient temperatures, and ambient air
ments not only of the insulation as a unit, but also as an
velocities,
assembly of units forming the insulation system. The materials
4.1.2 Expected service life and any special environmental
shall perform their functions for the service life specified and
exposures,
be compatible with the environment in which they will be used.
4.1.3 Permitted average heat loss per unit of cold surface or
as otherwise specified,
6. Temperature Limitations
4.1.4 Personnel exposure surface temperature limitations,
6.1 Each insulation unit must effectively limit the flow of
4.1.5 Expected seismic, loading, and vibration exposures,
heat through the insulation by radiation, convection, and
4.1.6 Purchaser’s systems and equipment drawings,
conduction. The reflective liners (also referred to as radiation
4.1.7 Limits, if any, on size, maximum thickness, weight, or
shields) are made of metals having low surface emittance and
number of insulation units requiring removal for inspection,
high surface reflectance. The emittance should be tested
4.1.8 Location of components or maintenance, or both, and
according to Test Method C 835. The number and spacing of
systems requiring removal of units for inspections,
the liners are determined by the required limitation of heat
4.1.9 Any unusual operating or test conditions, and
flow.
4.1.10 Cleanliness level required.
6.2 The temperature limits of various materials should be
5. Materials and Manufacture
based on the potential increase in radiant heat transfer across
spaces due to a reduction in reflectance and a corresponding
5.1 Each insulation unit is a rigid, self-contained, prefabri-
cated metal construction comprised of an inner casing and an increase in emittance resulting from surface oxidation. Indi-
outer casing, and if needed, one or more reflective liners vidual components of the insulation system which will be
supported and spaced so as to minimize internal convection elevated to a temperature of 750°F (400°C) or higher should
and conduction. These parts are arranged to form a durable not be made of aluminum or aluminum alloys. If components
rigid assembly with separated air spaces between the inner and will be elevated to 1200°F (649°C) or higher, Type 300 series
outer casing and the individual reflective liners. austenitic stainless steel should be used. Other materials and
5.2 The reflective insulation described herein is limited to alloys are available for use over 1200°F (649°C).
systems of insulating units, designed by the manufacturer to fit 6.3 A representative unit or assembly shall be tested in
C 667
accordance with Test Method C 411. heat loss. Insulation units shall have banded and sealed ends,
lapped or stepped ends, or a purchaser approved design that
7. Thermal Performance
minimizes heat leakage at joints. Gaps required for thermal
7.1 The purchase specification should clearly indicate the expansion or for internal unit construction are permitted when
permissible average rate of heat loss per unit area for each type approved by the purchaser.
of surface. The tests should be in accordance with Test Method 8.4 Insulation units and assemblies shall have the strength
C 335 for horizontal pipes, Test Method C 1033 for vertical and rigidity to withstand specified seismic forces, and the
pipes, or Test Method C 1061 for flat surfaces, or a test method operational loading and vibration requirements. Each unit shall
as agreed upon between the purchaser and manufacturer. have strength and rigidity to hold its internal parts in its spacial
7.2 Due to the limitation of present configurations of reflec- relationship without bunching or matting.
tive insulation, those being flat, cone and cylindrical, there can 8.5 Insulation units and assemblies shall have provisions to
be a significant difference between the hot equipment surface
retard entrance of liquids and to drain condensate, moisture, or
area and the outer case area. Therefore, the thermal perfor- other liquids from spill or other exposures specified in the
mance for equipment should be referenced to the area of the
ordering information.
outer case, unless otherwise specified. To be consistent, the 8.6 Units shall have provisions to prevent internal pressure
outer case area shall also be used for pipe, unless otherwise
build-up.
specified. 8.7 Attachments, fasteners, and interlocking construction
7.3 Thermal performance of pipe insulation per unit of cold
shall hold the insulation units firmly in place in the assemblies
surface area may be obtained by multiplying transference (T) under all specified operating and test conditions. Locations of
or conductance (C) as reported by Test Methods C 335 or such items on interchangeable insulation units shall be
C 1033, by ratio of the radii of the insulation outer surface
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