ASTM C1291-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Elevated Temperature Tensile Creep Strain, Creep Strain Rate, and Creep Time-to-Failure for Monolithic Advanced Ceramics
Standard Test Method for Elevated Temperature Tensile Creep Strain, Creep Strain Rate, and Creep Time-to-Failure for Monolithic Advanced Ceramics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Creep tests measure the time-dependent deformation under force at a given temperature, and, by implication, the force-carrying capability of the material for limited deformations. Creep-rupture tests, properly interpreted, provide a measure of the force-carrying capability of the material as a function of time and temperature. The two tests complement each other in defining the force-carrying capability of a material for a given period of time. In selecting materials and designing parts for service at elevated temperatures, the type of test data used will depend on the criteria for force-carrying capability that best defines the service usefulness of the material.
4.2 This test method may be used for material development, quality assurance, characterization, and design data generation.
4.3 High-strength, monolithic ceramic materials, generally characterized by small grain sizes (
4.4 Data obtained for design and predictive purposes shall be obtained using any appropriate combination of test methods that provide the most relevant information for the applications being considered. It is noted here that ceramic materials tend to creep more rapidly in tension than in compression (1, 2, 3).4 This difference results in time-dependent changes in the stress distribution and the position of the neutral axis when tests are conducted in flexure. As a consequence, deconvolution of flexural creep data to obtain the constitutive equations needed for design cannot be achieved without some degree of uncertainty concerning the form of the creep equations, and the magnitude of the creep rate in tension vis-a-vis the creep rate in compression. Therefore, creep data for design and life prediction shall be obtained in both tension and compression, as well as the expected service stress state.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile creep strain, creep strain rate, and creep time-to-failure for advanced monolithic ceramics at elevated temperatures, typically between 1073 and 2073 K. A variety of test specimen geometries are included. The creep strain at a fixed temperature is evaluated from direct measurements of the gage length extension over the time of the test. The minimum creep strain rate, which may be invariant with time, is evaluated as a function of temperature and applied stress. Creep time-to-failure is also included in this test method.
1.2 This test method is for use with advanced ceramics that behave as macroscopically isotropic, homogeneous, continuous materials. While this test method is intended for use on monolithic ceramics, whisker- or particle-reinforced composite ceramics as well as low-volume-fraction discontinuous fiber-reinforced composite ceramics may also meet these macroscopic behavior assumptions. Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites (CFCCs) do not behave as macroscopically isotropic, homogeneous, continuous materials, and application of this test method to these materials is not recommended.
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard (see IEEE/ASTM SI 10). The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1291 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Elevated Temperature Tensile Creep Strain, Creep Strain
Rate, and Creep Time-to-Failure for Monolithic Advanced
1
Ceramics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1291; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile 2.1 ASTM Standards:
creep strain, creep strain rate, and creep time-to-failure for C1145Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
advanced monolithic ceramics at elevated temperatures, typi- C1273Test Method for Tensile Strength of Monolithic
cally between 1073 and 2073 K. A variety of test specimen Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
geometriesareincluded.Thecreepstrainatafixedtemperature E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
is evaluated from direct measurements of the gage length E6Terminology Relating to Methods of MechanicalTesting
extension over the time of the test. The minimum creep strain E83Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
rate, which may be invariant with time, is evaluated as a someter Systems
function of temperature and applied stress. Creep time-to- E139Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,
failure is also included in this test method. and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
1.2 This test method is for use with advanced ceramics that
ASTM Test Methods
behave as macroscopically isotropic, homogeneous, continu-
E220Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
ous materials. While this test method is intended for use on
Comparison Techniques
monolithicceramics,whisker-orparticle-reinforcedcomposite
E230Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
ceramics as well as low-volume-fraction discontinuous fiber-
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
reinforced composite ceramics may also meet these macro-
E639Test Method for Measuring Total-Radiance Tempera-
scopic behavior assumptions. Continuous fiber-reinforced ce-
ture of Heated Surfaces Using a Radiation Pyrometer
ramic composites (CFCCs) do not behave as macroscopically
3
(Withdrawn 2011)
isotropic, homogeneous, continuous materials, and application
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
of this test method to these materials is not recommended.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard
E1012Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-
(see IEEE/ASTM SI 10). The values given in parentheses are
men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial
mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are pro-
Force Application
vided for information only and are not considered standard.
IEEE/ASTM SI 10American National Standard for Use of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the theInternationalSystemofUnits(SI):TheModernMetric
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
System
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1 Definitions—The definitions of terms relating to creep
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
testing, which appear in Section E of Terminology E6 shall
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Mechanical Properties and Performance. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C1291– 00a (2010). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/C1291-16. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1291 − 16
apply to the terms used in this test method. For the purpose of 4. Significance and Use
this test method only, some of the more general terms are used
4.1 Creep tests measure the time-dependent deformation
with the restricted meanings given as follows.
under force at a given temperature, and, by implication, the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: force-carrying capability of the material for limited defo
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1291 − 00a (Reapproved 2010) C1291 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Elevated Temperature Tensile Creep Strain, Creep Strain
Rate, and Creep Time-to-Failure for Advanced Monolithic
1
Advanced Ceramics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1291; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile creep strain, creep strain rate, and creep time-to-failure for advanced
monolithic ceramics at elevated temperatures, typically between 1073 and 2073 K. A variety of test specimen geometries are
included. The creep strain at a fixed temperature is evaluated from direct measurements of the gage length extension over the time
of the test. The minimum creep strain rate, which may be invariant with time, is evaluated as a function of temperature and applied
stress. Creep time-to-failure is also included in this test method.
1.2 This test method is for use with advanced ceramics that behave as macroscopically isotropic, homogeneous, continuous
materials. While this test method is intended for use on monolithic ceramics, whisker- or particle-reinforced composite ceramics
as well as low-volume-fraction discontinuous fiber-reinforced composite ceramics may also meet these macroscopic behavior
assumptions. Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites (CFCCs) do not behave as macroscopically isotropic, homogeneous,
continuous materials, and application of this test method to these materials is not recommended.
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard (see IEEE/ASTM SI 10). The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
C1273 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Monolithic Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
E639 Test Method for Measuring Total-Radiance Temperature of Heated Surfaces Using a Radiation Pyrometer (Withdrawn
3
2011)
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Specimen Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial Force
Application
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on Mechanical
Properties and Performance.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010Sept. 1, 2016. Published November 2010October 2016. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20052010
as C1291 – 00a (2005).(2010). DOI: 10.1520/C1291-00AR10.10.1520/C1291-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1291 − 16
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions of terms relating to creep testing, which appear in Section E of Terminology E6 shall apply to
the terms used in t
...
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