ASTM C1273-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Monolithic Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Monolithic Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method may be used for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, and design data generation.
4.2 High-strength, monolithic advanced ceramic materials generally characterized by small grain sizes (
4.3 Although the volume or surface area of material subjected to a uniform tensile stress for a single uniaxially loaded tensile test may be several times that of a single flexure test specimen, the need to test a statistically significant number of tensile test specimens is not obviated. Therefore, because of the probabilistic strength distributions of brittle materials such as advanced ceramics, a sufficient number of test specimens at each testing condition is required for statistical analysis and eventual design, with guidelines for sufficient numbers provided in this test method. Note that size-scaling effects as discussed in Practice C1239 will affect the strength values. Therefore, strengths obtained using different recommended tensile test specimens with different volumes or surface areas of material in the gage sections will be different due to these size differences. Resulting strength values can be scaled to an effective volume or surface area of unity as discussed in Practice C1239.
4.4 Tensile tests provide information on the strength and deformation of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. Uniform stress states are required to effectively evaluate any nonlinear stress-strain behavior which may develop as the result of testing mode, testing rate, processing or alloying effects, or environmental influences. These effects may be consequences of stress corrosion or subcritical (slow) crack growth, which can be minimized by testing at appropriately rapid rates as outlined in this test method.
4.5 The results of tensile tests of test specimens fabricated to standardized dimensions from a particular material or selected portions, or both, of a part may not totally represent the strength and deforma...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile strength under uniaxial loading of monolithic advanced ceramics at ambient temperatures. This test method addresses, but is not restricted to, various suggested test specimen geometries as listed in the appendixes. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes (force, displacement, or strain control), testing rates (force rate, stress rate, displacement rate, or strain rate), allowable bending, and data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. Note that tensile strength as used in this test method refers to the tensile strength obtained under uniaxial loading.
1.2 This test method applies primarily to advanced ceramics that macroscopically exhibit isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior. While this test method applies primarily to monolithic advanced ceramics, certain whisker- or particle-reinforced composite ceramics as well as certain discontinuous fiber-reinforced composite ceramics may also meet these macroscopic behavior assumptions. Generally, continuous fiber ceramic composites (CFCCs) do not macroscopically exhibit isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior and application of this practice to these materials is not recommended.
1.3 Values expressed in this test method are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI) and IEEE/ASTM SI 10.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guid...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1273 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Strength of Monolithic Advanced Ceramics at
1
Ambient Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1273; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile
strengthunderuniaxialloadingofmonolithicadvancedceram-
2. Referenced Documents
ics at ambient temperatures. This test method addresses, but is
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
notrestrictedto,varioussuggestedtestspecimengeometriesas
C1145Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
listed in the appendixes. In addition, test specimen fabrication
C1161Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced
methods,testingmodes(force,displacement,orstraincontrol),
Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
testing rates (force rate, stress rate, displacement rate, or strain
C1239Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and
rate), allowable bending, and data collection and reporting
Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters forAdvanced
procedures are addressed. Note that tensile strength as used in
Ceramics
this test method refers to the tensile strength obtained under
C1322Practice for Fractography and Characterization of
uniaxial loading.
Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics
1.2 Thistestmethodappliesprimarilytoadvancedceramics
D3379TestMethodforTensileStrengthandYoung’sModu-
that macroscopically exhibit isotropic, homogeneous, continu-
lus for High-Modulus Single-Filament Materials
ous behavior. While this test method applies primarily to
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
monolithic advanced ceramics, certain whisker- or particle-
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of MechanicalTesting
reinforcedcompositeceramicsaswellascertaindiscontinuous
E83Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
fiber-reinforced composite ceramics may also meet these
someter Systems
macroscopicbehaviorassumptions.Generally,continuousfiber
E337Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
ceramic composites (CFCCs) do not macroscopically exhibit
chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior and application
peratures)
of this practice to these materials is not recommended.
E1012Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-
1.3 Values expressed in this test method are in accordance
men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial
withtheInternationalSystemofUnits(SI)andIEEE/ASTMSI
Force Application
10.
IEEE/ASTM SI 10American National Standard for Metric
Practice
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 Definitions:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1 The definitions of terms relating to tensile testing
Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
appearing in Terminology E6 apply to the terms used in this
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
test method on tensile testing.The definitions of terms relating
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
to advanced ceramics testing appearing inTerminology C1145
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
applytothetermsusedinthistestmethod.Pertinentdefinitions
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
as listed in Practice C1239, Practice E1012, Terminology
C1145, and Terminology E6 are shown in the following with
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on
Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on
2
Mechanical Properties and Performance. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2018.PublishedJuly2018.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C1273–15. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
C1273-18. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C1273 − 18
th
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1273 − 15 C1273 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Strength of Monolithic Advanced Ceramics at
1
Ambient Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1273; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile strength under uniaxial loading of monolithic advanced ceramics at
ambient temperatures. This test method addresses, but is not restricted to, various suggested test specimen geometries as listed in
the appendix.appendixes. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes (force, displacement, or strain control),
testing rates (force rate, stress rate, displacement rate, or strain rate), allowable bending, and data collection and reporting
procedures are addressed. Note that tensile strength as used in this test method refers to the tensile strength obtained under uniaxial
loading.
1.2 This test method applies primarily to advanced ceramics that macroscopically exhibit isotropic, homogeneous, continuous
behavior. While this test method applies primarily to monolithic advanced ceramics, certain whisker- or particle-reinforced
composite ceramics as well as certain discontinuous fiber-reinforced composite ceramics may also meet these macroscopic
behavior assumptions. Generally, continuous fiber ceramic composites (CFCCs) do not macroscopically exhibit isotropic,
homogeneous, continuous behavior and application of this practice to these materials is not recommended.
1.3 Values expressed in this test method are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI) and SI10-02 IEEE/ASTM
SI 10.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
C1161 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
C1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced Ceramics
C1322 Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics
D3379 Test Method for Tensile Strength and Young’s Modulus for High-Modulus Single-Filament Materials
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)
E1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Specimen Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial Force
Application
SI10-02 IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric
SystemMetric Practice
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on Mechanical
Properties and Performance.
Current edition approved July 1, 2015July 1, 2018. Published September 2015July 2018. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 as
C1273 – 05 (2010).C1273 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/C1273-15.10.1520/C1273-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1273 − 18
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 The definitions of terms relating to tensil
...
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