ASTM D2194-02
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Concentration of Formaldehyde Solutions
Standard Test Method for Concentration of Formaldehyde Solutions
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the formaldehyde content of commercially available formaldehyde solutions ranging in concentration from 36 to 55 weight %.
1.2 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed value or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off "to the nearest unit" in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29.
1.3 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
Designation: D 2194 – 02
Standard Test Method for
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Concentration of Formaldehyde Solutions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope * 5. Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the form- 5.1 Buret, calibrated, 100-mL, with a 50 or 75-mL reservoir
aldehyde content of commercially available formaldehyde on top of a lower portion calibrated in 0.1-mL divisions. A
solutions ranging in concentration from 36 to 55 weight %. TFE-fluorocarbon resin stopcock is suitable for this purpose.
1.2 For purposes of determining conformance of an ob- 5.2 Erlenmeyer Flask, 500-mL capacity.
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served value or a calculated value using this test method to 5.3 Vials, specimen, short, style, 1 to 1 ⁄2-dram (4 to 6-mL)
relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to capacity.
the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing
6. Reagents
the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
method of Practice E 29.
1.3 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier’s used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
Material Safety Data Sheet.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,
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where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. accuracy of the determination.
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
2. Referenced Documents
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming
2.1 ASTM Standards: to Type IV of Specification D 1193.
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D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water 6.3 Sodium Sulfite Solution (125 g/L)—Dissolve 125 g of
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to anhydrous sodium sulfite (Na SO ) in water and dilute to 1 L.
2 3
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Determine Conformance with Specifications
NOTE 1—Sodium sulfite gradually oxidizes to sodium sulfate on
exposure to air and therefore should be kept in a tightly closed container.
3. Summary of Test Method
For best results freshly prepared reagent should be used.
3.1 The specimen is reacted with an excess of sodium sulfite
6.4 Sulfuric Acid (0.5 N)—Prepare and standardize 0.5 N
solution and the resulting sodium hydroxide is titrated with
sulfuric acid (H SO ) against 0.5 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
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sulfuric acid using thymolphthalein indicator.
solution which has been standardized against potassium acid
3.2 The sample should be essentially neutral; 0.1 % acidity
phthalate to a thymolphthalein end point.
(as formic acid) is equivalent to 0.065 % formaldehyde.
6.5 Thymolphthalein Indicator (0.1 % Alcohol Solution)—
Dissolve 1.0 g of thymolphthalein in 100 mL of methanol,
4. Significance and Use
ethanol, or isopropanol and dilute to 1 L with additional
4.1 This test method provides a measurement of formalde-
alcohol.
hyde content (assay) of formaldehyde solutions. The results of
these measurements can be used for specification acceptance.
7. Procedure
7.1 Add 100 mL of Na SO solution to a sufficient number
2 3
of 500-mL Erlenmeyer flasks to make all blank and specimen
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
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and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Subcommittee D01.35 on Solvents, Plasticizers, and Chemical Intermediates.
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originally
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
published D 2194 – 63 T. Last previous edition D 2194 – 99.
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
MD.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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