71.080.80 - Aldehydes and ketones
ICS 71.080.80 Details
Aldehydes and ketones
Aldehyde. Ketone
Aldehydes et cetones
Aldehidi in ketoni
General Information
The specified method is applicable to HCHO contents between 25 5 and 45 %. The field of application may be extended by siutably modifying the mass of the test portion. The principle consists in the reaction of the test solution with a neutral sodium sulphite solution, and acidimetric titration of the liberated sodium hydroxide in presence of thymolphthalein as indicator.
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The principle of the procedure consists in addition to a test portion, under specified conditions, of potassium permanganate solution. Determination of the time taken for the colour of this test solution to match that of a cobalt(II) chloride and uranyl nitrate colour standard. This document should be read in conjenction with ISO 757/1.
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Gives general instruction and specifies the methods for the determination of density at 20 °C, the determination of dry residue after evaporation on a water bath, the measurement of colour, the determination of distillation range and the determination of water content. International Standards ISO 757/1 to ISO 757/5 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 757-1968, of which they constitute a technical revision. This document has also been approved by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
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The principle of the method consists in dilution of a test portion with carbon dioxide-free water, titration of the test solution, if acid, with standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution, using phenolphthalein as indicator. The method is applicable to products having acidities, expressed as acetic acid, equal to or greater than 0,0006 % (m/m). International Standards ISO 757/1 to ISO 757/5 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 757-1968, of which they constitute a technical revision. This document has also been approved by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
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This control is intended essentially for the detection of alcoholic impurities in aceton. The principle consists in treatment of a test portion with Agulhon's reagent (potassium dichromate solution added to nitric acid solution) under specified conditions. The presence of certain impurities, in particular alcoholic ones, is indicated by a blue or violett coloration. International Standards ISO 757/1 to ISO 757/5 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 757-1968, of which they constitute a technical revision. This document has also been approved by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
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The method is applicable to solid paraformaldehyde of aldehyde contents in the range 67 % (m/m) to 97 % (m/m). The principle consists in the reaction of aldehyde present in a test portion with neutralized sodium sulphite solution. Titration of the liberated sodium hydroxide with sulphuric acid solution using thymolphthalein as indicator. - This document has also been approved by the IUPAC.
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Specifies the laboratory sample to have a mass of not less than 500 g. Before carrying out the tests, the sample shall be grind to a fine powder and mixed thoroughly. - ISO 1391, Parts 1 to 4, replace ISO Recommendation R 1391-1970.
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The principle of the method is based on burning a test portion and heating at (600 30) °C to constant mass. - ISO 1391, Parts 1 to 4, replace ISO Recommendation R 1391-1970.
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The principle of the procedure consists in the dissolution of a test sample in a highly diluted sodium hydroxide solution, filtration by using a tared filter crucible, drying of the residue at (100 2) °C. Determination of the in water insoluble substances by differences. - ISO 1391, Parts 1 to 4, replace ISO Recommendation R 1391-1970.
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Conversion of iron contained in a test sample to sulphate by treatment with hot sulphuric acid. Oxidation of the iron present in the solution by hydrogen peroxide and subsequently reduction of the iron(III) by hydroxylammonium chloride. Formation of the coloured complex iron(II)-2,2'bipyridyl in a buffered medium. Photometric measurement of the coloured complex at a wavelength of about 510 nm. - ISO 1391, Parts 1 to 4, replace ISO Recommendation R 1391-1970.
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Acetylation of a test portion with acetyl chloride and determination of the alcohol equivalent to the acetyl groups that have reacted by titration with standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of phenolphthalein. Correction of the acidity of the sample.
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Specifies the sampling, the determination of distillation characteristics, of the density at 20 0C, of residue on evaporation on a water bath, of the water content, of alcoholic impurities, of the acidity to phenolphthalein and the measurement of colour.
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Prescribes that samples shall be taken in clean stainless steel flasks purged with nitrogen. Samples shall only be drawn at temperatures below 20 0C. The Process uses the method of the electrometric titration according to ISO 760. Either dimethylformamide or a mixture of dimethylformamide and pyridine is used for the sample solvent.
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Prescribes that samples shall be taken in clean stainless steel flasks purged with nitrogen. The low boiling point at 20.2 0C makes difficult the determination of density at 20 0C, therefore, the determination is specified at 15 0C. The procedure is performed according to the method given in ISO 758.
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The principle of examination is the comparison of the odour of the sample with that of an agreed reference standard. If there is no odour after the butanone has been evaporated the product is without any residual odour.
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Specifies the sampling, the determination of distillation characteristics, of the density at 20 0C, of residue on evaporation on a water bath, of the water content, of alcoholic impurities, of the acidity to phenolphthalein and the measurement of colour in Hazen units.
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Specifies the sampling, determination of distillation characteristics, density at 20 0C, water content, total carbonyl compounds and the acidity to phenolphtalein.
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Reaction between hydroxylammonium chloride and carbonyl groups in a test portion, followed by determination of the hydrochloric acid liberated by titration with standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of bromophenol blue as indicator.
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Specifies the sampling, the determination of distillation characteristics, of the density at 20 0C, of residue on evaporation on a water bath, of the water content, of alcoholic impurities, of the acidity to phenolphthalein, the examination of residual odour and the measurement of colour in Hazen units.
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The principle consists in the evaporation to dryness of a test portion and dissolution of the residue in hydrochloric acid. Reduction of iron(III) by means of hydroxylammonium chloride. Formation of the iron(II)- 2,2'-dipyridyl complex. Photometric measurement of the coloured complex at a wavelength of about 522 nm. Specifies the use of a spectrophotometer or photoelectric absorptionmeter. As an alternative it is permitted to employ a visual method comparing the test solution with a series of reference solutions. Has also been approved by the IUPAC.
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Volumetric method of the determination of carbonyl compounds present by reaction with hydroxylammonium chloride and titration with standard volumetric sodium hydoxide solution in the presence of bromophenol blue as indicator. Has also been approved by the IUPAC.
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Pretreatment of the water used, freshly boiled and cooled, by neutralization by addition of the standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution or sulphuric acid solution as required. Addition of the test portion and titration with the standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution in presence of phenolphthalein as indicator until the apperance of a pale pink colour.
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Lays down the treatment of a test portion by dilution with water (or with ethanol or propan-2-ol if the sample is not completely soluble in water) and removal of carbon dioxide by passing a strem of nitrogen through the solution. The determination is carried out by titration with a standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution using phenolphthalein as indicator. The nitrogen used shall be free from ammonia and carbon dioxide.
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The results obtained by this method will include the methanol freed from combined forms. These are however not usually present at higher levels to effect the results. The principle consists in esterfication of the methanol present with formic acid using sulphuric acid as a catalyst. Distillation of the methyl formate into sodium hydroxide solution and back-titration of the excess sodium hydroxide with a standard volumetric sulphuric acid solution, using phenolphthalein as indicator. This method is intended for methanol contents greater than 0,2 %.
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The specified method is applicable when the required limit is not greater than 0,1 % and not less than 0,001 %. If the required limit lies outside that range, the mass of the test portion should be changed. The principle ot the test consists in comparison of the turbidity obtained by the addition of barium chloride solution to a solution of the sample, in the presence of hydrochloric acid, with that similarly produced from a sulphate solution of known concentration.
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The method, as specified, is applicable when the required limit is not greater than 0,05 % and not less than 0,0005 %. If the required limit lies outside that range, the mass of the test portion should be changed. The principle of the test consists in comparison of the turbidity obtained by the addition of silver nitrate solution to a solution of the sample, in the presence of nitric acid, with that similary produced from a chloride solution of known concentration.
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The specified method is applicable to the detection of Fe contents less than 0,0004 % (m/m). The principle consists in conversion of any iron present into the sulphate by evaporation to dryness in the presence of sulphuric acid, and reduction of iron (III) by means of hydroxylammonium chloride. Formation of a iron (II) 2,2'-bipyridyl complex. Photometric measurement of the coloured complex at a wavelength of about 522nm. As an alternative to measurement of absorbance the test solution prepared may be compared visually the Nessler cylinders with standard matching solution or with standard colorimetric discs.
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The method detects only the heavy metals present in non-complex form, the sulphides of which are precipitated in acid solution. The method is not specific for any one heavy metal. The principle consists in conversion of heavy metal, such as lead and copper, in acid solution to their sulphides, and comparison of the colour produced with that given by an aliquot volume of standard lead solution treated with hydrogen sulphide in the same way.
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