ASTM C461-81(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Mastics and Coatings Used With Thermal Insulation
Standard Test Methods for Mastics and Coatings Used With Thermal Insulation
ABSTRACT
These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing mastics and coatings for use as weather and vapour barrier finishes on thermal insulations and for other accessory use. Take the samples for laboratory examination from the original containers immediately after stirring to a uniform condition. Determine the number of containers sampled as required representing a shipment. Open the original containers and examine them for uniformity of contents. The procedures for determining the stability of coatings under freezing are presented in details. The paper covers the determination of the volume of volatile matter and the coverage per unit of dry film thickness of mastics and coatings. Application of the material to the test panels shall meet the requirements prescribed, or to the thickness and by the method to be followed in practice, such as spray, brush, or trowel. Test the coated panel prepared in accordance with the required method at 15-min intervals to determine the time required to set-to-touch, and at 30-min intervals to determine the time to reach practical hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing mastics and coatings for use as weather and vapor barrier finishes on thermal insulations and for other accessory use.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The test methods appear in the following order:
Section Sampling4 Uniformity and Storage Stability5 Stability Under Freezing6 Density and Weight per Gallon7 Consistency8 Solids Content9 Content of Volatiles and Coverage of Mastics and Coatings10 Build11 Drying Time12 Flash Point13
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C461 − 81(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Methods for
Mastics and Coatings Used With Thermal Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C461; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D93Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Closed Cup Tester
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and
D140Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
testing mastics and coatings for use as weather and vapor
D217Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
barrier finishes on thermal insulations and for other accessory
Grease
use.
D2196Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type)
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Viscometer
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D3278Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small
and are not considered standard.
Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
1.3 The test methods appear in the following order:
3. Terminology
Section
Sampling 4
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these test
Uniformity and Storage Stability 5
Stability Under Freezing 6
methods, see Terminology C168.
Density and Weight per Gallon 7
Consistency 8
4. Sampling
Solids Content 9
Content of Volatiles and Coverage of Mastics and Coatings 10
4.1 Prior to opening or sampling, or both, any mastic or
Build 11
Drying Time 12
coating, its Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) should be
Flash Point 13
reviewed to ensure appropriate precautions or personal protec-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tive equipment, or both, are utilized.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Take the samples for laboratory examination from the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
original containers immediately after stirring to a uniform
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
condition. Determine the number of containers sampled as
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
required to represent a shipment in accordance with Practice
D140. Restir the composite sample immediately before taking
2. Referenced Documents
out portions for individual tests.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C168Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
5. Uniformity and Storage Stability
C419Practice for Making and Curing Test Specimens of
Mastic Thermal Insulation Coatings
5.1 Open the original containers and examine them for
D56Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
uniformityofcontents.Recordthedegreeofseparation,ifany,
D71Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch and
intoportionsofappreciablydifferentconsistency,suchasthick
Asphalt (Displacement Method)
or thin layers, sedimentation or coagulation, etc., also of
difficulty encountered in stirring to a uniform condition.
5.2 Examine the contents of a full container of not less than
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on
1 qt (1 L) that has stood undisturbed for 48 h. Make notation
Thermal Insulation and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33 on
Insulation Finishes and Moisture. of any separation of solvent or water, coagulation, or settle-
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally
ment of suspended matter, that cannot be overcome by mod-
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C461 – 81 (2003).
erate agitation.
DOI: 10.1520/C0461-81R08.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.3 Additionally, if required, examine and report the condi-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
tion in the container after 3 months’ storage, examining for
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. uniformity in accordance with 5.1.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C461 − 81 (2008)
6. Stability Under Freezing 8.3 Determine the cone-penetration reading in accordance
with Section 5 of Test Method D217, with minimum time
6.1 Fill a 1-pt (500-mL) press-top tin can three quarters full
between filling the cup and the reading to avoid temperature
with the coating, and hold the filled and closed container in a
change of the sample. Report the average of the three tests to
chamber at a temperature of 0 6 5°F (−18 6 3°C) for a
the nearest 0.1 mm as the penetration of the sample.
minimum of 12 h consecutively under natural convection
conditions. 8.4 The practical limit of cone penetration is 375. If
readings above this value are obtained, or if specified, an
6.2 At the expiration of the freezing period, permit the
aluminum cone and shaft with a total weight of 50 g may be
coating to warm to room temperature by exposure of the
used in place of the 150-g cone and shaft specified in Test
containertothetemperatureofthelaboratoryforaminimumof
Method D217. If with this modification, readings exceed a
6h.Afterthefirstoperationoffreezingandthawing,repeatthe
penetration of 375, consistency alternatively may be deter-
procedure twice so that the coating will have been subjected to
mined by Test Method D2196. The helipath stand and T-bar
three cycles of freezing and thawing.
spindles may be used.
6.3 After the completion of the third cycle, open the
container, and note any separation of solvent or water, 9. Solids Content
coagulation,settlementofsuspendedmatter,orthepresenceof
9.1 Weigh about5gof material to the nearest 0.01 g into a
distinct layers, or a combination of these. If the compound
weighedflat-bottommetaldishorcontainer(Note1).Placethe
cannot be rendered homogeneous by moderate stirring at
dish and its contents in an oven at 105 6 2°C (220 6 5°F) for
laboratory temperature, report that it has coagulated.
2 to 4 h, or until the material shows a loss of not greater than
0.02 g on successive hourly weighings; then cool in a desic-
7. Density and Weight per Gallon
cator and weigh.
7.1 Apparatus:
NOTE 1—A friction-top can plug, 50 to 80 mm in diameter, has been
7.1.1 Container—Any suitable container of known volume
found convenient.
may be used. 7.1.1.1 describes one such container.
7.1.1.1 Brass Cylinder, short, about 3 in. (80 mm) high and 9.2 From the weight of the dried residue and the weight of
1.5 in. (40 mm)
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C461–81 (Reapproved 2003) Designation:C461–81 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Methods for
Mastics and Coatings Used With Thermal Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C461; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing mastics and coatings for use as weather and vapor barrier
finishes on thermal insulations and for other accessory use.
1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be
approximate.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The test methods appear in the following order:
Section
Sampling 4
Uniformity and Storage Stability 5
Stability Under Freezing 6
Density and Weight per Gallon 7
Consistency 8
Solids Content 9
Content of Volatiles and Coverage of Mastics and Coatings 10
Build 11
Drying Time 12
Flash Point 13
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C419 Practice for Making and Curing Test Specimens of Mastic Thermal Insulation Coatings
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D71 Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement Method)
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials Byby Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer
D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these test methods, see Terminology C168.
4. Sampling
4.1 Prior to opening or sampling, or both, any mastic or coating, its Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) should be reviewed
to ensure appropriate precautions or personal protective equipment, or both, are utilized.
4.2 Take the samples for laboratory examination from the original containers immediately after stirring to a uniform condition.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33 on Insulation
Finishes and Moisture.
´1
Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C461 – 81 (1997) .
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C461 – 81 (2003).
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.06.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C461–81 (2008)
Determine the number of containers sampled as required to represent a shipment in accordance with Practice D140. Restir the
composite sample immediately before taking out portions for individual tests.
5. Uniformity and Storage Stability
5.1 Open the original containers and examine them for uniformity of contents. Record the degree of separation, if any, into
portions of appreciably different consistency, such as thick or thin layers, sedimentation or coagulation, etc., also of difficulty
encountered in stirring to a uniform condition.
5.2 Examine the contents of a full container of not less than 1 qt (1 L) that has stood undisturbed for 48 h. Make notation of
anyseparationofsolventorwater,coagulation,orsettlementofsuspendedmatter,thatcannotbeovercomebymoderateagitation.
5.3 Additionally, if required, examine and report the condition in the container after 3 months’ storage, examining for
uniformity in accordance with 5.1.
6. Stability Under Freezing
6.1 Fill a 1-pt (500-mL) press-top tin can three quarters full with the coating, and hold the filled and closed container in a
chamber at a temperature of 0 6 5°F (−18 6 3°C) for a minimum of 12 h consecutively under natural convection conditions.
6.2 At the expiration of the freezing period, permit the coating to warm to room temperature by exposure of the container to
thetemperatureofthelaboratoryforaminimumof6h.Afterthefirstoperationoffreezingandthawing,repeattheproceduretwice
so that the coating will have been subjected to three cycles of freezing and thawing.
6.3 After the completion of the third cycle, open the container, and note any separation of solvent or water, coagulation,
settlement of suspended matter, or the presence of distinct layers, or a combination of these. If the compound cannot be rendered
homogeneous by moderate stirring at laboratory temperature, report that it has coagulated.
7. Density and Weight per Gallon
7.1 Apparatus:
7.1.1 Container—Any suitable container of known volume may be used. 7.1.1.1 describes one such container.
7.1.1.1 Brass Cylinder, short, about 3 in. (80 mm) high and 1.5 in. (40 mm) in diameter, with the inside bottom angles rounded
is most convenient. Adjust the capacity of such a cylinder to hold 83.3 6 0.1 g of water at 77°F (25°C).
7.2 Procedure—Condition the sample at 77°F (25°C) and fill the tared container with a slight excess. In filling the container,
take precautions to ensure that no air is entrapped, jarring or vibrating the container until no further change in volume occurs is
satisfactory.Removeexcesswithastraightedgeflushwiththetopofthecontainerandwipetheoutsideofthecontainerclean.Then
weigh the container and contents to within 60.5 g.
7.3 Calculations—Subtracttheweightoftheemptycontaineranddividetheremainderbythecapacityofthecontainerincubic
centimetres. The quotient is the density in grams per cubic centimetre which, multiplied by 83.3, gives the weight per gallon in
pounds.
7.3.1 If the cylinder
...
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