ASTM F1978-22

Standard Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Resistance of Metallic Thermal Spray Coatings by Using the Taber Abraser

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to evaluate the resistance to particle shedding of a thermal spray coating. Such particle shedding might occur during surgical insertion of an implant or as the result of micromotion of the implant after insertion.  
5.2 This abrasion test method may be useful for quality control analysis of a coating, and it can be used to evaluate the effects of processing variables, such as substrate preparation before coating, surface texture, coating technique variables, or postcoating treatments, any of which may influence the susceptibility of the coating to particle shedding.  
5.3 This abrasion test method is for flat plate-shaped specimens of a size sufficient that the wheels of the abrader do not leave the surface of the specimen. It is not recommended for devices with other shapes or sizes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method quantifies the abrasion resistance of metallic coatings produced by thermal spray processes on flat metallic surfaces. It is intended as a means of characterizing coatings used on surgical implants.  
1.2 This test uses the Taber Abraser,2 which generates a combination of rolling and rubbing to cause wear to the coating surface. Wear is quantified as cumulative weight loss.  
1.3 This test method is limited to flat, rigid specimens that do not react significantly with water and do not undergo a phase transformation or chemical reaction between room temperature and 100 °C in air.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2022
• ICS: 25.220.40 - Metallic coatings
• Technical Committee: F04 - Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices
• Drafting Committee: F04.15 - Material Test Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1978 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Abrasion Resistance of Metallic Thermal Spray
1
Coatings by Using the Taber Abraser
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1978; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method quantifies the abrasion resistance of
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
metallic coatings produced by thermal spray processes on flat
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
metallic surfaces. It is intended as a means of characterizing
G195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary
coatings used on surgical implants.
Platform Abraser
2
1.2 This test uses the Taber Abraser, which generates a
combinationofrollingandrubbingtocauseweartothecoating
3. Terminology
surface. Wear is quantified as cumulative weight loss.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 abraser, n—instrument that is designed to determine
1.3 This test method is limited to flat, rigid specimens that
the resistance of surfaces to composite rolling and rubbing
do not react significantly with water and do not undergo a
action.
phase transformation or chemical reaction between room
temperature and 100 °C in air.
3.1.2 particle shedding, n—loss of surface particles and
fragments from a coating.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.3 thermal spray coating, n—coating produced by spray-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
ing melted or softened powder or wire by means of combus-
standard.
tible gases, plasma, or two-wire arc.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 weight loss, n—amount of mass removed by the test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
apparatus over the course of testing.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Summary of Test Method
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 This test method uses a Taber Abraser with H-22
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
2
Calibrade (trademarked) wheels and the 250 g mass of the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
abrading head without added weights. A specimen is abraded
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
using rotary rubbing action under controlled conditions of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
pressure and abrasive action. The test specimen, mounted on a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
turntable platform, turns on a vertical axis against the sliding
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
rotation of two abrading wheels. The wheels shall be mounted
in such a way that when they are in contact with the rotating
test specimen, they rotate in opposing directions. One abrading
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F04 on Medical
wheel rubs the specimen outward toward the periphery and the
and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
other inward toward the center while a vacuum system
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
removes wear debris during the test. The resulting abrasion
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F1978 – 18. DOI:
10.1520/F1978-22.
2
Trademarked. The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the
3
committee at this time is Taber Industries, North Tonawanda, NY 14120 USA. If For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1978 − 22
marks form a pattern of crossed arcs over an area of approxi- 6.1.2 Amotor capable of rotating the turntabl
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1978 − 18 F1978 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Abrasion Resistance of Metallic Thermal Spray
1
Coatings by Using the Taber Abraser
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1978; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method quantifies the abrasion resistance of metallic coatings produced by thermal spray processes on flat metallic
surfaces. It is intended as a means of characterizing coatings used on surgical implants.
2
1.2 This test uses the Taber Abraser, which generates a combination of rolling and rubbing to cause wear to the coating surface.
Wear is quantified as cumulative weight loss.
1.3 This test method is limited to flat, rigid specimens that do not react significantly with water and do not undergo a phase
transformation or chemical reaction between room temperature and 100°C100 °C in air.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
G195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018Oct. 1, 2022. Published March 2018October 2022. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20172018 as
F1978 – 17.F1978 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/F1978-18.10.1520/F1978-22.
2
Trademarked. The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Taber Industries, North Tonawanda, NY 14120 USA. If you are aware
of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical
1
committee, which you may attend.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1978 − 22
3.1.1 abraser, n—instrument that is designed to determine the resistance of surfaces to composite rolling and rubbing action.
3.1.2 particle shedding, n—loss of surface particles and fragments from a coating.
3.1.3 thermal spray coating, n—coating produced by spraying melted or softened powder or wire by means of combustible gases,
plasma, or two-wire arc.
3.1.4 weight loss, n—amount of mass removed by the test apparatus over the course of testing.
4. Summary of Test Method
2
4.1 This test method uses a Taber Abraser with H-22 Calibrade (trademarked) wheels and the 250-g 250 g mass of the abrading
head without added weights. A specimen is abraded using rotary rubbing action under controlled conditions of pressure and
abrasive action. The test specimen, mounted on a turntable platform, turns on a vertical axis against the sliding rotation of two
abrading wheels. The wheels shall be mounted in such a way that when they are in contact with the rotating test specimen, they
rotate in opposing directions. One abrading wheel rubs the specimen outward toward the periphery and the other inward toward
the
...