ASTM E1056-85(2007)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Installation and Service of Solar Domestic Water Heating Systems for One- and Two-Family Dwellings
Standard Practice for Installation and Service of Solar Domestic Water Heating Systems for One- and Two-Family Dwellings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended to serve as a guide to manufacturers, distributors, installers, contractors, regulatory officials, and owners. It is not intended to specify detailed methods of testing, installation, or servicing for the system or any of its components.
This practice sets forth those methods and components necessary for minimum operation and safety. It also suggests methods for improved operation and effectiveness.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides descriptions of solar domestic water heating systems and sets forth installation and service practices in new and existing one- and two-family dwellings to help ensure adequate operation and safety.,
1.2 This practice applies regardless of the fraction of heating requirement supplied by solar energy, the type of conventional fuel used in conjunction with solar, or the heat transfer fluid (or fluids) used as the energy transport medium. However, where more stringent requirements are recommended by the manufacturer, these manufacturer requirements shall prevail.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Sections 6 and 7.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1056 − 85(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Practice for
Installation and Service of Solar Domestic Water Heating
Systems for One- and Two-Family Dwellings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1056; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Flexible Duct Performance and Installation Standards
1.1 This practice provides descriptions of solar domestic 2.3 NFPA Standard:
water heating systems and sets forth installation and service NFPA321 Basic Classifications of Flammable and Combus-
practices in new and existing one- and two-family dwellings to tible Liquids
2,3
help ensure adequate operation and safety.
2.4 ANSI Standard:
1.2 This practice applies regardless of the fraction of heat- Z 21.22 Relief Valves and Automatic Gas Shut Off Devices
for Hot Water Supply Systems
ing requirement supplied by solar energy, the type of conven-
tional fuel used in conjunction with solar, or the heat transfer
3. Terminology
fluid(orfluids)usedastheenergytransportmedium.However,
where more stringent requirements are recommended by the
3.1 Definitions:
manufacturer, these manufacturer requirements shall prevail.
3.1.1 auxiliary energy subsystem, n—in solar energy
application, equipment using nonsolar energy sources to
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
supplement or backup the output provided by a solar energy
as the standard.
system. (E772)
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 flash point, n—of a liquid, the minimum temperature
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
atwhichitgivesoffvaporinsufficientconcentrationtoforman
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid within
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the vessel as specified by appropriate test procedure and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
apparatus. (See Terminology E772 and NFPA 321.)
precautionary statements, see Sections 6 and 7.
3.1.3 heat transfer fluid, n— (1) in solar energy systems, a
2. Referenced Documents
liquid or gas that passes through the solar collector and carries
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the absorbed thermal energy away from the collector. (2) any
E772 Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion
fluid that is used to transfer thermal energy between subsys-
2.2 SMACNA Standards:
tems in solar energy systems. (E772)
Medium Pressure Duct Construction Standards
3.1.4 operating conditions, extreme, n— unusual physical
Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards
conditions to which a component or system may be exposed
and for which it is not designed or intended to withstand, nor
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E44 on Solar,
is it required to withstand by a local regulatory agency. (E772)
Geothermal and OtherAlternative Energy Sources and is the direct responsibility of
3.1.5 operating conditions, normal, n—the usual range of
Subcommittee E44.05 on Solar Heating and Cooling Systems and Materials.
Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally physical conditions (for example, temperature, pressure, wear
approvedin1985.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2001asE1056–85(2001).DOI:
and tear, weather) for which the component or system was
10.1520/E1056-85R07.
designed. (E772)
Dikkers, R., “Performance Criteria for Solar Heating and Cooling Systems in
Residential Buildings,” Department of Housing and Urban Development and
3.1.6 solar energy system, active, n—a solar energy system
National Bureau of Standards, September, 1982.
that uses mechanical equipment (pumps, fans), that is not an
Hollander, P. E., “Installation Guidelines for Solar DHW Systems in One- and
integral part of a structure, to collect and transfer thermal
Two-Family Dwellings,” Franklin Research Center, U. S. Goverment Printing
Office, April 1979.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromNationalFireProtectionAssoc.,BatterymachPark,Quincy,MA
the ASTM website. 02269.
Available from Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Assoc. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
(SMACNA), 8224 Old Courthouse Rd., Tysons Center, VA 22180. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1056 − 85 (2007)
energy, either to the point of use or to be stored for later use. 3.2.7 should, vi—a recommended method or component to
(E772) provide improved performance and effectiveness.
3.2.8 toxic, adj—any substance (other than a radioactive
3.1.7 solar water heating systems, direct, n—a solar water
substance) that has the capacity to produce personal injury or
heating system in which the potable water passes directly from
illness to man through ingestion, inhalation, or absorption
the water supply, through the collectors and storage, to the
through any body surface, or any substance producing a lethal
residential hot water supply. (E772)
dose in half (LD50) of white rats when ingested as a single
3.1.8 solar energy system, drainback, n— a solar energy
dose of less than 10 g/kg of body mass.
system in which the heat transfer fluid is drained out of the
collector and exposed piping, and into a storage tank, a holding
4. Significance and Use
tank, or expansion tank in order to protect the collector and
4.1 This practice is intended to serve as a guide to
piping from damage due to freezing. (E772)
manufacturers, distributors, installers, contractors, regulatory
3.1.9 solar energy system, draindown, n— a solar energy
officials, and owners. It is not intended to specify detailed
system in which the heat transfer fluid is drained out of the
methods of testing, installation, or servicing for the system or
collector and exposed piping to an external drain in order to
any of its components.
protect the collector and piping from damage due to freezing.
4.2 This practice sets forth those methods and components
(E772)
necessary for minimum operation and safety. It also suggests
3.1.10 solar water heating system, indirect, n—a solar water methods for improved operation and effectiveness.
heating system in which a closed circulation loop isolates one
5. System Components and Control Functions
fluid from contact with others in the system. This closed loop
may contain a nonpotable fluid. (E772)
5.1 This section covers the system components and related
control functions that are required to collect, transport, store,
3.1.11 solar energy system, thermosiphon, n— a solar en-
and convert the solar energy for typical domestic hot water
ergy system in which the heat transfer fluid circulates by
systems.
convection as the less dense, warm fluid rises and is displayed
by the denser, cooler fluid. (E772) 5.2 Table 1 shows the recommended system components
and related control functions that are required for solar
3.1.12 solar water heating system, tank absorber, n—Solar
domestic hot water systems. Numbers in Figs. 1-7 refer to
Domestic Hot Water (SDHW) system in which solar radiation
components in Table 1.
is absorbed by the surface of the storage tank, which is usually
installed in an insulated housing whose sunward side is glazed. 5.3 Freeze protection is a necessary subsystem for most
SDHW systems. Each type of system in Figs. 1-7 provide
Such systems are also referred to as “batch” or “breadbox”
heaters. freeze protection by the use of specific components or the
natureofthesystemoperation.Oneoptionforprovidingfreeze
3.1.13 weather conditions, extreme, n—environmental con-
protectionforeachsystemisillustratedinFigs.1-7(see6.2for
ditions that are rare in a local climatic region (which have
other acceptable options). Options may be combined.
occurred no more than once during the past 30 years).
6. Installation and Servicing
3.1.14 weather conditions, normal, n—the (actual or antici-
pated) range of environmental conditions (rain, snow, hail,
6.1 This section outlines recommended installation and
wind, temperature, pollution) that typically occur in a local
servicing minimum practices needed to provide an effective
climatic region over several years. (E772)
SDHW system operation.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6.2 Freeze Protection:
3.2.1 accessible, adj—permitting close approach that may
6.2.1 SDHW systems installed in climates where freezing
require removal or opening of an access panel, door, or similar
can occur shall be protected.
obstruction.
6.2.1.1 Antifreeze Chemicals—Freeze protection may be
accomplished through the use of chemicals either as or in the
3.2.2 durability, n—the ability (of a system or component)
heat transfer fluid.
to operate properly as long as intended.
6.2.1.2 Automatic Draining—Freeze protection may be ac-
3.2.3 potable water, n—water that is free of impurities in
complishedthroughtheuseofsystemcontrolswhichautomati-
amounts sufficient to cause disease or harmful physiological
callyallowheattransferfluidstodrainfrompartsofthesystem
effects and conforming in its bacteriological and chemical
exposed to freezing temperatures, as in the draindown or
quality to the regulations of the public health authority having
drainback systems. Electrically operated valves shall drain the
jurisdiction.
system when there is a power outage (that is, fail safe).
6.2.1.3 Automatic Recirculation—Freeze protection may be
3.2.4 reliability, n—the ability (of a system or component)
accomplished through the use of system controls which auto-
to operate properly when required.
matically circulates heat transfer fluids through the system
3.2.5 SDHW, n—solar domestic hot water.
when outdoor temperatures reach predetermined levels. This
3.2.6 shall, vi—a mandatory requirement necessary to pro- freeze protection does not operate during periods of power
vide minimum operation and safety. outage unless an auxiliary source of power is provided. This
E1056 − 85 (2007)
TABLE 1 Solar Domestic Water Heating System Components
Schematic Component Function Text Reference
I.D. No.
1 Solar Collector convert radiant energy into thermal energy 6.3, 7.6.1
2 Solar Storage Tank accumulate thermal energy in the form of solar heated water to 6.4
supply domestic needs
3 Insulation minimize thermal losses from components 6.4.2, 7.6.3, 6.7.3,
6.7.11
4 Piping Fittings interconnect components and convey heat transfer fluid 6.7
5 Mixing Valve limit temperature of domestic hot water delivered for personal use 7.2.10
6 Temperature and Pressure Relief Valve automatically relieves pressure if temperature and/or pressure 6.6.3, 7.2.1-7.2.7
maxima are exceeded
7 Auxiliary Heat Source supplements solar energy to provide adequate hot water 6.7.17
8 Pump circulate liquid 6.8
9 Controller controls the collection and distribution of thermal energy within the 6.6
solar domestic hot water system and may provide limited safety func-
tions
10 Auxiliary Storage Tank and Heat Source supplements solar energy to provide hot water and storage 6.7.17
11 Heat Exchanger (internal or external) transfer thermal energy between physically separated fluids 6.8.4–6.8.6, 6.5.2,
7.3.1
12 Air Duct interconnect collectors and heat exchanger in system employing air 6.7
as transfer medium
13 Blower circulate air 6.8
14 Expansion Tank protect system from pressure damage created by expansion of heat 6.6.5
transfer liquid
15 Heat Transfer Fluid Transports thermal energy 6.5, 7.6.2
16 Pressure Relief Valve automatically relieves pressure if maximum is exceeded 6.6.3, 7.2.1-7.2.7
17 Check Valve prevent reverse liquid flow 6.6.8
18 Vent Valve release trapped air 6.7.10, 6.7.18
19 Drain Valve to drain fluid passages of liquid; manual or automatic 6.7.9, 6.6.2
20 Backflow Preventer to prevent backflow of nonpotable fluid into potable water supply 7.2.2, 7.3.3
21 Vacuum Breaker to relieve a vacuum by permitting air into a system 6.7.18
22 Air Damper control air flow 6.6.4, 6.6.9
23 Shutoff Valves to isolate components; manual or automatic 6.6.3, 6.6.7
24 Temperature Sensor senses fluid temperature to operate controller 6.6.9
freeze protection system is not recommended for use in areas designer, or both, and in compliance with requirements of the
with frequent or severe freeze conditions, and may increase the applicable building codes and standards.
heat loss of the system during off periods.
6.3.2 Structural supports shall be constructed to support the
6.2.1.4 Manual Draining—Freeze protection may be ac-
collector under anticipated extremes of environmental condi-
complished through the use of system controls which allow an
tions and to withstand local conditions and anticipated loads,
operator to manually drain the system of heat transfer fluids.
such as wind, seismic, rain, snow, and ice so that the solar
Cautionshouldbeexercisedwhendependingonthismethodof
system does not impair the resistance to damage of the
freeze protection since it requires human attention for proper
building. Neither wind loading nor the additional mass of filled
operation. Failure to operate the system properly may result in
collectors shall exceed the live and dead load ratings of the
considerable damage.
building, roof, foundation, or soil.
6.2.1.5 Low Wattage Electric Resistance Heating—Freeze
6.3.3 Structural supports shall be constructed to maintain
protection for tank absorber systems may be accomplished
collector tilt and orientation within design conditions through-
through the use of low wattage (less than 300 W) electrical
out the life of the SDHW system.
resistance heaters and system controls that supply heat to the
6.3.4 Joints between support structures and the building
tankandadjacentpiping/fittingsonlywhentemperaturesinside
shall be caulked or flashed, or both, to prevent water leakage.
the system reach 35 + 2°F (2 + 1°C). This freeze protection
Access should be provided to permit minor repairs to flashing
system does not operate during periods of power outage unless
and caulking without disturbing roof, collector supports, or
an auxiliary source power is provided.
collector panels.
6.2.1.6 Freeze Tolerant Materials—Freeze protection may
be accomplished through the use of materials which are not
6.3.5 Collectors shall be installed so as not to contribute to
dama
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.