ASTM D2997-99
(Specification)Standard Specification for Centrifugally Cast "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
Standard Specification for Centrifugally Cast "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers machine-made glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin pressure pipe manufactured by the centrifugal casting process. Included are a classification system and requirements for materials, mechanical properties, dimensions, performance, test methods, and marking.
Note 1—The term "fiberglass pipe" as described in Section 3 applies to both reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP) and reinforced plastic mortar pipe (RPMP).
Note 2—Pipe covered by this specification has been found suitable for conveying gases, petroleum products, or corrosive fluids.
Note 3—For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not include natural polymers..
1.2 The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 4—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 2997 – 99 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Centrifugally Cast “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2997; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-
Resin) Pipe and Tube
1.1 This specification covers machine-made glass-fiber-
D 2143 Test Method for Cyclic Pressure Strength of Rein-
reinforced thermosetting-resin pressure pipe manufactured by
forced, Thermosetting Plastic Pipe
the centrifugal casting process. Included are a classification
D 2310 Classification for Machine-Made “Fiberglass”
system and requirements for materials, mechanical properties,
(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
dimensions, performance, test methods, and marking.
D 2412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading
NOTE 1—The term “fiberglass pipe” as described in Section 3 applies to 4
Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
both reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP) and reinforced plastic
D 2992 Practice for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design or Pres-
mortar pipe (RPMP).
sure Design Basis for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-
NOTE 2—Pipe covered by this specification has been found suitable for
Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Fittings
conveying gases, petroleum products, or corrosive fluids.
D 3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiber-
1.2 The values given in parentheses are for information
glass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
only.
and Fittings
NOTE 3—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
3. Terminology
test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
nologies D 883 and F 412 and abbreviations with Terminology
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
D 1600, unless otherwise indicated.
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Descrip-
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
tions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tions prior to use.
3.2.1 aggregate, n—a siliceous sand conforming to the
2. Referenced Documents
requirements of Specification C 33, except that the require-
ments for gradation shall not apply.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.2 centrifugal casting, n—a manufacturing process used
C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
to produce tubular goods by applying resin and reinforcement
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
to the inside of a mold that is rotated and heated, subsequently
Insulating Materials for Testing
polymerizing the resin system. The outside diameter (OD) of
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
the finished pipe is fixed by the inside diameter (ID) of the
D 1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe
mold tube. The inside diameter of the pipe is determined by the
Under Constant Internal Pressure
amount of material introduced into the mold.
D 1599 Test Method for Short-Term Hydraulic Failure Pres-
3.2.3 fiberglass pipe, n—a tubular product containing glass-
sure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
fiber reinforcements embedded in or surrounded by cured
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
thermosetting resin; the composite structure may contain
Plastics
aggregate, granular or platelet fillers, thixotropic agents, pig-
D 2105 Test Method for Longitudinal Tensile Properties of
ments, or dyes; thermoplastic or thermosetting liners or coat-
ings may be included.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on
3.2.4 liner, n—the inner portion of the wall at least 0.005 in.
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced
(0.13 mm) in thickness, as determined in 7.4 which does not
Plastic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1999. Published February 2000. Originally
contribute to the strength in the determination of the hydro-
published as D 2997 – 71. Last previous edition D 2997 – 95.
static design basis.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3 3.2.5 reinforced plastic mortar pipe (RPMP), n—a fiber-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
glass pipe with aggregate.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2997
3.2.6 reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP), n—a nations of the short-term rupture strength, longitudinal tensile
fiberglass pipe without aggregate. strength, tensile modulus, and pipe stiffness. Thus, a complete
3.2.7 reinforced wall thickness, n—the total wall thickness pipe designation code shall consist of four letters, two numer-
minus the liner or exterior surface resin layer thickness, or als, two letters, and four numerals.
both. 4.1.6.1 Example—RTRP-21CA-1334. Such a designation
would describe a centrifugally cast, glass-fiber-reinforced,
4. Classification
epoxy pipe having a nonreinforced epoxy liner; a long-term
cyclic pressure strength level exceeding 2500 psi (17.2 MPa);
4.1 General—Pipe meeting this specification is classified by
a short-term rupture strength exceeding 4000 psi (27.6 MPa); a
type, grade, class, and hydrostatic design basis in accordance
longitudinal tensile strength exceeding 16 000 psi (110 MPa);
with Classification D 2310, and by a secondary cell classifica-
a longitudinal tensile modulus exceeding 1.5 by 10 psi
tion system that defines the basic mechanical properties of the
(10 300 MPa); and a pipe stiffness of 72 psi (496 kPa).
pipe. These types, grades, classes, hydrostatic design basis
categories, and cell classification designations are as follows:
NOTE 5—Although the Form and Style for ASTM Standards manual
4.1.1 Types: —Type II
requires that the type classification be roman numerals, it is recognized
Centrifugally cast pipe. that few companies have stencil-cutting equipment for this style of type,
and it is therefore acceptable to mark the product type in arabic numbers.
4.1.2 Grades: —Grade 1
Glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy-resin pipe.
5. Materials
Grade 2—Glass-fiber-reinforced polyester-resin pipe.
5.1 General—The resins, reinforcements, colorants, fillers,
Grade 3—Glass-fiber reinforced polydicyclopentadiene-
and other materials, when combined as a composite structure,
resin pipe.
shall produce a pipe that shall be classified in accordance to
Grade 8—Glass-fiber-reinforced polyester-resin mortar
this specification based on performance.
pipe.
Grade 9—Glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin mortar pipe.
6. Requirements
4.1.3 Classes:—Class A
6.1 Workmanship—The pipe shall be free from all defects,
No liner.
including indentations, delaminations, bubbles, pinholes, for-
Class B—Polyester-resin liner, nonreinforced.
eign inclusions, and resin-starved areas which, as a result of
Class C—Epoxy-resin liner, nonreinforced.
their nature, degree, or extent, detrimentally affect the strength
Class D—Polydicyclopentadiene-resin liner, nonreinforced.
and serviceability of the pipe. The pipe shall be as uniform as
4.1.4 Hydrostatic Design Basis—Two methods of classify-
commercially practicable in color, opacity, density, and other
ing the hydrostatic design basis of the pipe are provided. Pipe
physical properties. The pipe shall be round and straight, and
meeting this specification may be classified using either the
the bore of the pipe shall be smooth and uniform. All pipe ends
cyclic test method or the static test method, or both, and the
shall be cut at right angles to the axis of the pipe, and any sharp
designations are shown in Table 1. Appendix X1 explains how
edges removed.
to use the design basis categories shown in Table 1.
6.2 Dimensions and Tolerances:
4.1.5 Mechanical Properties—Table 2 presents a cell clas-
6.2.1 Outside Diameter—The outside diameter and toler-
sification system for identifying the mechanical properties of
ances of pipe meeting this specification shall conform to the
pipe covered by this specification.
requirements in Table 3, when determined in accordance with
NOTE 4—All possible combinations covered by the preceding classifi-
7.4.
cation system may not be commercially available.
6.2.2 Wall Thickness—The minimum wall thickness of pipe
4.1.6 Designation Code—The pipe designation code shall
furnished under this specification shall not at any point be less
consist of the abbreviation RTRP or RPMP, followed by the
than 87.5 % of the nominal wall thickness published in the
type and grade in Arabic numerals, the class and static or cyclic
manufacturer’s literature, current at the time of purchase, when
hydrostatic design basis level in capital letters, and four Arabic
measured in accordance with 7.4.
numbers identifying, respectively, the cell classification desig-
6.2.3 Liner Thickness—Except for Class A unlined prod-
ucts, all other classes shall have a minimum liner thickness of
0.005 in. (5 mil), when measured in accordance with 7.4.
TABLE 1 Hydrostatic Design Basis Categories
6.3 Performance—Pipe meeting this specification shall be
categorized by a long-term static or cyclic hydrostatic design
Cyclic Test Method Static Test Method
basis shown in Table 1, when tested in accordance with 7.5 and
Hoop Stress, Hoop Stress,
Designation Designation
7.6. Additionally, the pipe shall meet the applicable cell limit
psi (MPa) psi (MPa)
requ
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