Standard Test Method for Evaluating and Comparing Transfer Efficiency of Spray Applied Coatings Under Laboratory Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Subject to the limitations listed above, the procedure can be used as a research tool to optimize spray equipment and paint formulations as well as to study the relative effect on transfer efficiency of changing operating variables, spray application equipment, and types of coatings.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation and comparison of the transfer efficiency of spray-applied coatings under controlled laboratory conditions.  
1.2 This test method has been shown to yield excellent intralaboratory reproducibility. Interlaboratory precision is poorer and is highly dependent on closely controlled air flow in the spray booth, the rate at which the paint is delivered to the part, and other variables suggested in the test method.  
1.3 Limitations:  
1.3.1 This laboratory procedure only indicates the direction of the effect of spray variables on transfer efficiency. The magnitude of the effect is determined only by specific plant experience.  
Note 1: This laboratory procedure requires specific equipment and procedures. For those laboratories that do not have access to the type of equipment required a more general laboratory procedure is being prepared as Procedure B.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7 and 8.11.9 and 8.13.2.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5009 − 02 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating and Comparing Transfer Efficiency of Spray
Applied Coatings Under Laboratory Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5009; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation and comparison
D1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
of the transfer efficiency of spray-applied coatings under
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
controlled laboratory conditions.
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
1.2 This test method has been shown to yield excellent
Pigmented Coatings
intralaboratory reproducibility. Interlaboratory precision is
2.2 National Fire Protection Association Documents
poorer and is highly dependent on closely controlled air flow in
NFPA 33 Spray Application Using Flammable and Combus-
the spray booth, the rate at which the paint is delivered to the
tible Materials
part, and other variables suggested in the test method.
NFPA 86 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces
1.3 Limitations:
3. Terminology
1.3.1 This laboratory procedure only indicates the direction
of the effect of spray variables on transfer efficiency. The 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
magnitude of the effect is determined only by specific plant 3.1.1 conveyor speed, n—the speed of the conveyor in
experience. centimeters per minute during the test.
3.1.2 fluid mass flow rate, n—the mass flow rate of paint in
NOTE 1—This laboratory procedure requires specific equipment and
grams per minute during the test.
procedures. For those laboratories that do not have access to the type of
equipment required a more general laboratory procedure is being prepared
3.1.3 mass of foil, n—the weight of each target foil in grams
as Procedure B.
before being painted.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.4 mass of foil plus paint solids, n—the weight of each
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
target foil in grams after being painted and baked.
only.
3.1.5 mass of paint solids, n—the difference in the mass of
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the foils before painting and the mass of the foils after painting
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and baking. This is the sum of the mass of the foil plus paint
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
solids less the sum of the mass of the foil.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.6 transfer effıciency, n—the ratio of the mass of the paint
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
solids deposited on the foil to the mass of the paint solids
statements, see Section 7 and 8.11.9 and 8.13.2.
sprayed during the test expressed as a percent.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.7 weight percent solids, n—the solids content in percent
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
of the total weight of a sample of the paint used during the test.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Summary of Test Method
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1 Metal panels covered with preweighed aluminum foil
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
are conveyed in a spraybooth past a fixed spraygun. The coated
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D01.55 on Factory Applied Coatings on Preformed Products. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5009 – 02 (2011). Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
DOI: 10.1520/D5009-02R17. Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5009 − 02 (2017)
foils are then baked to remove volatile matter. The transfer 7. Hazards
efficiency is calculated on a weight basis using the solids
7.1 For specific hazard information and guidance, consult
content and quantity of the paint sprayed and the amount of
the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for the materials used.
solids on the coated aluminum foil target.
8. Procedure
5. Significance and Use
8.1 Set up the spray apparatus paint supply and the mass
5.1 Subject to the limitations listed above, the procedure can
flow measurement equipment in accordance with the manufac-
be used as a research tool to optimize spray equipment and
turer’s instructions.
paint formulations as well as to study the relative effect on
8.1.1 In accordance with Chapter 9-11 of NFPA 33, all
transfer efficiency of changing operating variables, spray
electrically conductive objects in the spray area, except those
application equipment, and types of coatings.
objects required by the process to be at high voltage, shall be
adequately grounded.
6. Apparatus
8.2 Agitate paint in a closed container at least 30 min before
6.1 Laboratory Scale, accurate to 60.001 g for weight
any paint samples are taken.
percent solids determination.
8.3 Using an airtight container take a paint grab sample
6.2 Platform Scale, accurate, or equivalent, to 60.01 g for
from the paint pot in accordance with Practice D3925.
mass of foil, mass of foil plus paint, and mass flow rate
8.4 Determine and record the following from the paint
instrumentation calibration.
sample:
6.3 Mass Flow Rate Meter, or mass flow rate determination
8.4.1 Viscosity determined in accordance with Test Method
method, accurate to 62 % of the mass flow rate to be used
D1200.
during the test.
8.4.2 Weight percent solids determined in accordance with
6.4 Conveyor Timer or conveyor timing method, accurate to
Test Method D2369. If the baking temperature in Test Method
61 % of the conveyor speed to be used during the test. The
D2369 is inadequate, use the manufacturers recommended cure
equipment may consist of photoelectric cells or limit switches
schedule.
used in conjunction with a digital timer or timing marks on the 8.4.3 Resistivity for the samples being applied electrostati-
conveyor used in conjunction with a stopwatch. Take at least
cally (An ASTM method is under development).
two readings with a stopwatch and average the readings.
8.5 Set up the conveyor speed measuring equipment.
6.5 Targets, consisting of a set of ten steel panels 15.2 cm (6
8.6 Cut the aluminum foil to dimensions of 38 cm (15 in.)
in.) wide by 0.15875 cm (0.0625 in.) with 0.635-cm (0.25-in.)
by approximately 127 cm (50 in.) or 5 cm (2 in.) longer than
radius corners. A minimum panel length of 121.9 cm (48 in.)
the length of the target panel.
should be used. The length of the panel should be set so that a
8.7 Consecutively number each precut foil strip before
minimum of 30.4 cm (12 in.) above and below the spray
weighing using a permanent marking pen.
pattern is achieved.
6.5.1 It is essential to do this so that the entire height of the
8.8 Weigh each test foil strip and record the uncoated
spray pattern is effectively captured.
weight and the foil number.
6.6 Aluminum Foil, medium temper or equivalent, 1.5 mil
8.9 Attach the preweighed, labeled test foil to six targets
(0.0037 cm) thick.
using the technique shown in Fig. 1. Attach the unlabeled foil
on four scavenger targets as shown in Fig. 1.
6.7 Back-Draw Water Wash Spray Booth, or equivalent. The
booth should be a minimum of 1.8 m (6 ft) wide and capable
8.10 Mount the foil covered targets in consecutive order as
of up to 0.61 m/s (120 ft/min) air velocity in the middle at the
shown in Fig. 2, with the foil seam on each target facing away
plane of the target. If a dry filter booth is used, filters should be
from the spray g
...


This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5009 − 02 (Reapproved 2011) D5009 − 02 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating and Comparing Transfer Efficiency of Spray
Applied Coatings Under Laboratory Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5009; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation and comparison of the transfer efficiency of spray-applied coatings under controlled
laboratory conditions.
1.2 This test method has been shown to yield excellent intralaboratory reproducibility. Interlaboratory precision is poorer and
is highly dependent on closely controlled air flow in the spray booth, the rate at which the paint is delivered to the part, and other
variables suggested in the test method.
1.3 Limitations:
1.3.1 This laboratory procedure only indicates the direction of the effect of spray variables on transfer efficiency. The magnitude
of the effect is determined only by specific plant experience.
NOTE 1—This laboratory procedure requires specific equipment and procedures. For those laboratories that do not have access to the type of equipment
required a more general laboratory procedure is being prepared as Procedure B.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7 and 8.11.9 and 8.13.2.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings
2.2 National Fire Protection Association Documents
NFPA 33 Spray Application Using Flammable and Combustible Materials
NFPA 86 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 conveyor speed, n—the speed of the conveyor in centimeters per minute during the test.
3.1.2 fluid mass flow rate, n—the mass flow rate of paint in grams per minute during the test.
3.1.3 mass of foil, n—the weight of each target foil in grams before being painted.
3.1.4 mass of foil plus paint solids, n—the weight of each target foil in grams after being painted and baked.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.55 on Factory Applied Coatings on Preformed Products.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011June 1, 2017. Published June 2011June 2017. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
D5009 – 02 (2005).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/D5009-02R11.10.1520/D5009-02R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5009 − 02 (2017)
3.1.5 mass of paint solids, n—the difference in the mass of the foils before painting and the mass of the foils after painting and
baking. This is the sum of the mass of the foil plus paint solids less the sum of the mass of the foil.
3.1.6 transfer effıciency, n—the ratio of the mass of the paint solids deposited on the foil to the mass of the paint solids sprayed
during the test expressed as a percent.
3.1.7 weight percent solids, n—the solids content in percent of the total weight of a sample of the paint used during the test.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Metal panels covered with preweighed aluminum foil are conveyed in a spraybooth past a fixed spraygun. The coated foils
are then baked to remove volatile matter. The transfer efficiency is calculated on a weight basis using the solids content and
quantity of the paint sprayed and the amount of solids on the coated aluminum foil target.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Subject to the limitations listed above, the procedure can be used as a research tool to optimize spray equipment and paint
formulations as well as to study the relative effect on transfer efficiency of changing operating variables, spray application
equipment, and types of coatings.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Laboratory Scale, accurate to 60.001 g for weight percent solids determination.
6.2 Platform Scale, accurate, or equivalent, to 60.01 g for mass of foil, mass of foil plus paint, and mass flow rate
instrumentation calibration.
6.3 Mass Flow Rate Meter, or mass flow rate determination method, accurate to 62 % of the mass flow rate to be used during
the test.
6.4 Conveyor Timer or conveyor timing method, accurate to 61 % of the conveyor speed to be used during the test. The
equipment may consist of photoelectric cells or limit switches used in conjunction with a digital timer or timing marks on the
conveyor used in conjunction with a stopwatch. Take at least two readings with a stopwatch and average the readings.
6.5 Targets, consisting of a set of ten steel panels 15.2 cm (6 in.) wide by 0.15875 cm (0.0625 in.) with 0.635-cm (0.25-in.)
radius corners. A minimum panel length of 121.9 cm (48 in.) should be used. The length of the panel should be set so that a
minimum of 30.4 cm (12 in.) above and below the spray pattern is achieved.
6.5.1 It is essential to do this so that the entire height of the spray pattern is effectively captured.
6.6 Aluminum Foil, medium temper or equivalent, 1.5 mil (0.0037 cm) thick.
6.7 Back-Draw Water Wash Spray Booth, or equivalent. The booth should be a minimum of 1.8 m (6 ft) wide and capable of
up to 0.61 m/s (120 ft/min) air velocity in the middle at the plane of the target. If a dry filter booth is used, filters should be changed
as necessary to maintain uniform air velocity.
6.8 Adjustable Rate Overhead Conveyor System, capable of hanging targets as specified, and capable of up to 0.20 m/s (40
ft/min) or the maximum speed desired by the user.
6.9 Forced Draft Curing Oven, of sufficient size for curing targets, and capable of achieving and maintaining the cure
temperatures specified by the paint supplier. All ovens should conform to NFPA 86.
6.10 Curing Rack.
6.11 Stopwatch.
6.12 Air Velocity Measurement Equipment.
6.13 Humidity and Temperature Measurement Equipment.
6.14 Compressed Air Supply.
7. Hazards
7.1 For specific hazard information and guidance, consult the supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)(SDS) for the
materials used.
8. Procedure
8.1 Set up the spray apparatus paint supply and the mass flow measurement equipment in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions.
8.1.1 In accordance with Chapter 9-11 of NFPA 33, all electrically conductive objects in the spray area, except those objects
required by the process to be at high voltage, shall be adequately grounded.
8.2 Agitate paint in a closed container at least 30 min before any paint samples are taken.
D5009 − 02 (2017)
8.3 Using an airtight container take a paint grab sample from the paint pot in accordance with Practice D3925.
8.4 Determine and record the following from the paint sample:
8.4.1 Viscosity determined in accordance with Test Method D1200.
8.4.2 Weight percent solids determined in accordance with Test Method D2369. If the baking temperature in Test Method
D2369 is inadequate, use the manufacturers recommended cure schedule.
8.4.3 Resistivi
...

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